组织蛋白酶K

组织蛋白酶K
已知的结构
PDB	直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	1MEM、3KWB、3KX1、4X6J、1AYW、3KW9、1YT7、1AU2、4X6H、1Q6K、1YK7、1ATK、3C9E、1AYV、1BGO、4N8W、7PCK、4DMX、4X6I、1NL6、1TU6、3O0U、1AU4、3OVZ、3KWZ、2ATO、3O1G、1AU0、1BY8、1SNK、2AUZ、4DMY、4N79、1AYU、1U9X、1YK8、1AU3、1U9V、2BDL、1VSN、1U9W、2AUX、2R6N、3H7D、1NLJ、5J94、4YVA、4YV8
识别号
别名	CTSK；, CTS02, CTSO, CTSO1, CTSO2, PKND, PYCD, cathepsin K
外部ID	OMIM：601105 MGI：107823 HomoloGene：68053 GeneCards：CTSK
相关疾病
	pycnodysostosis
为以下药物的标靶
	odanacatib、odanacatib、balicatib
基因位置（人类）
染色体	1号染色体
终止	150,809,577 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色体	小鼠3号染色体
终止	95,416,673 bp
RNA表达模式
	查阅更多表达数据
基因本体
分子功能	• fibronectin binding; • 半胱氨酸型肽酶活性; • collagen binding; • 肽酶活性; • 血浆蛋白结合; • cysteine-type endopeptidase activity; • 水解酶活性; • proteoglycan binding; • serine-type endopeptidase activity;
细胞组分	• 细胞质; • 细胞外区域; • endolysosome lumen; • 溶酶体; • 细胞外空间; • 核质; • 细胞内膜结合细胞器; • lysosomal lumen;
生物学过程	• 膜内成骨; • positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion; • extracellular matrix disassembly; • 骨质吸收; • 蛋白酶解; • toll-like receptor signaling pathway; • regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion; • collagen catabolic process; • proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process; • regulation of keratinocyte differentiation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	1513
	13038
	ENSG00000143387
	ENSMUSG00000028111
	P43235
	P55097
	NM_000396
	NM_007802
	NP_000387
	NP_031828
	维基数据
查看/编辑人类	查看/编辑小鼠

组织蛋白酶K（英语：Cathepsin K），是一种在人体中由CTSK基因编码的酶。^[7]^[8]

功能

该基因编码的蛋白质是半胱氨酸组织蛋白酶，一种参与骨重塑和再吸收的溶酶体半胱氨酸蛋白酶。这种蛋白质是肽酶C1蛋白质家族的成员，主要在破骨细胞中表达。

组织蛋白酶K是一种蛋白酶，其特征在于其对激肽的高度特异性，与骨吸收有关。该酶分解代谢弹性蛋白、胶原蛋白和明胶的能力使其能够分解骨骼和软骨。这种分解代谢活动也是肺弹性丧失和肺气肿反冲的部分原因。组织蛋白酶K抑制剂在骨质疏松症的治疗中显示出巨大的潜力。在被称为受控组织蛋白酶同类相食的过程中，组织蛋白酶K被组织蛋白酶S降解。

组织蛋白酶K的表达受到组织损伤后释放的炎性细胞因子的刺激。

临床意义

组织蛋白酶K在很大一部分人类乳癌中表达，它可能有助于肿瘤侵袭性。^[9]该基因的突变是致密性成骨不全症的原因，这是一种以骨质硬化和身材矮小为特征的常染色体隐性遗传病。^[10]组织蛋白酶K也被发现在胶质母细胞瘤中过度表达。^[11]

组织蛋白酶K的表达是某些癌症的特征，而其他癌症则没有。^[12]组织蛋白酶K抗体已上市销售，用于研究该酶在各种细胞中的表达。^[13]^[14]^[15]

默克公司在骨质疏松症的III期临床试验中使用了一种组织蛋白酶K抑制剂，奥达那替尼。2016年9月，默克公司在自行评估不良事件后宣布停止开发奥达那替尼，独立评估显示中风风险增加。^[16]^[17]其他组织蛋白酶K抑制剂处于不同的发展阶段。^[18]^[19]截至2017年10月，Medivir公司有一种组织蛋白酶K抑制剂MIV-711（L-006235^[20]^[21]^[22]），在IIa期临床试验中，作为一种改善骨关节炎的药物。

参考文献

^ 與组织蛋白酶K相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
^ 對Cathepsin K起作用的藥物；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143387 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028111 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Entrez Gene: CTSK cathepsin K.
^ Inaoka T, Bilbe G, Ishibashi O, Tezuka K, Kumegawa M, Kokubo T. Molecular cloning of human cDNA for cathepsin K: novel cysteine proteinase predominantly expressed in bone. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. January 1995, 206 (1): 89–96. PMID 7818555. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1013.
^ Duong LT, Wesolowski GA, Leung P, Oballa R, Pickarski M. Efficacy of a Cathepsin K Inhibitor in a Preclinical Model for Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. 23 September 2014, 13 (12): 2898–909 [2 October 2016]. PMID 25249554. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0253 . （原始内容存档于2019-08-24）.
^ CTSK cathepsin K [ Homo sapiens (human) ]. NCBI Gene. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 4 September 2016 [2 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-31）.
^ Verbovšek U, Motaln H, Rotter A, Atai NA, Gruden K, Van Noorden CJ, Lah TT. Expression Analysis of All Protease Genes Reveals Cathepsin K to Be Overexpressed in Glioblastoma. PLOS ONE. 30 October 2014, 9 (10): e111819. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k1819V. PMC 4214761 . PMID 25356585. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111819 .
^ Argani, Pedram; et al. A Broad Survey of Cathepsin K Immunoreactivity in Human Neoplasms. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1 February 2013, 139 (2): 151–159. PMC 3957187 . PMID 23355199. doi:10.1309/AJCPDTRTO2Z4UEXD.
^ Cathepsin K Antibodies. Novus Biologicals online catalog. Novus Biologicals, LLC. 2016 [2 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-31）.
^ Anti-Cathepsin K antibody (ab19027). Abcam plc online catalog. Abcam plc. 2016 [2 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-31）.
^ Anti-Cathepsin K Antibody (A5871). Antibodies.com online catalog. Antibodies.com Ltd. 2018 [16 January 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-17）.
^ Brömme, Dieter; Lecaille, Fabien. Cathepsin K inhibitors for osteoporosis and potential off-target effects. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 24 April 2009, 18 (5): 585–600. PMC 3110777 . PMID 19388876. doi:10.1517/13543780902832661.
^ Merck Provides Update on Odanacatib Development Program. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. 2 September 2016 [1 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-09）.
^ Asagiri M, Hirai T, Kunigami T, Kamano S, Gober HJ, Okamoto K, Nishikawa K, Latz E, Golenbock DT, Aoki K, Ohya K, Imai Y, Morishita Y, Miyazono K, Kato S, Saftig P, Takayanagi H,. (2008). Cathepsin K-dependent toll-like receptor 9 signaling revealed in experimental arthritis. Science, 319(5863), 624-627.
^ Hussein, H., Ishihara, A., Menendez, M., & Bertone, A. (2014). Pharmacokinetics and bone resorption evaluation of a novel Cathepsin K inhibitor (VEL‐0230) in healthy adult horses. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.
^ MIV-711 for the treatment of ostheoarthritis. www.medivir.se. [2017-10-06]. （原始内容存档于6 October 2017）（英语）.
^ Burston JJ, Xu L, Mapp PI, Grabowska U, Tunblad K, Lindström E, Chapman V. The Cathepsin K Inhibitor L-006235 Demonstrates Both Disease Modification and Attenuation of Pain Behaviour in the in the Mia Model of Osteoarthritis (PDF). www.medivir.se. April 2016 [6 October 2017]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于6 October 2017）.
^ Data monitoring committee gives "Go Ahead" in the MIV-711 osteoarthritis extension study (PDF). mb.cision.com. 14 September 2017 [2022-10-31]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-08-21）.

阅读

Motyckova G, Fisher DE. Pycnodysostosis: role and regulation of cathepsin K in osteoclast function and human disease.. Current Molecular Medicine. 2003, 2 (5): 407–21. PMID 12125807. doi:10.2174/1566524023362401.
Troen BR. The regulation of cathepsin K gene expression.. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2006, 1068 (1): 165–72. Bibcode:2006NYASA1068..165T. PMID 16831915. S2CID 8117602. doi:10.1196/annals.1346.018.
Del Nery E, Chagas JR, Juliano MA, et al. Evaluation of the extent of the binding site in human tissue kallikrein by synthetic substrates with sequences of human kininogen fragments.. The Biochemical Journal. 1996, 312 (1): 233–8. PMC 1136249 . PMID 7492318. doi:10.1042/bj3120233.
Brömme D, Okamoto K. Human cathepsin O2, a novel cysteine protease highly expressed in osteoclastomas and ovary molecular cloning, sequencing and tissue distribution.. Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler. 1995, 376 (6): 379–84. PMID 7576232. doi:10.1515/bchm3.1995.376.6.379.
Gelb BD, Edelson JG, Desnick RJ. Linkage of pycnodysostosis to chromosome 1q21 by homozygosity mapping.. Nature Genetics. 1995, 10 (2): 235–7. PMID 7663521. S2CID 24297764. doi:10.1038/ng0695-235.
Polymeropoulos MH, Ortiz De Luna RI, Ide SE, et al. The gene for pycnodysostosis maps to human chromosome 1cen-q21.. Nature Genetics. 1995, 10 (2): 238–9 [2022-10-31]. PMID 7663522. S2CID 11723845. doi:10.1038/ng0695-238. （原始内容存档于2022-10-31）.
Shi GP, Chapman HA, Bhairi SM, et al. Molecular cloning of human cathepsin O, a novel endoproteinase and homologue of rabbit OC2. (PDF). FEBS Letters. 1995, 357 (2): 129–34. PMID 7805878. S2CID 28099876. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)01349-6 .
Inaoka T, Bilbe G, Ishibashi O, et al. Molecular cloning of human cDNA for cathepsin K: novel cysteine proteinase predominantly expressed in bone.. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 1995, 206 (1): 89–96. PMID 7818555. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1013.
Velasco G, Ferrando AA, Puente XS, et al. Human cathepsin O. Molecular cloning from a breast carcinoma, production of the active enzyme in Escherichia coli, and expression analysis in human tissues.. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1994, 269 (43): 27136–42. PMID 7929457. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47135-9 .
Li YP, Alexander M, Wucherpfennig AL, et al. Cloning and complete coding sequence of a novel human cathepsin expressed in giant cells of osteoclastomas.. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 1996, 10 (8): 1197–202. PMID 8585423. S2CID 41832979. doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650100809.
Bossard MJ, Tomaszek TA, Thompson SK, et al. Proteolytic activity of human osteoclast cathepsin K. Expression, purification, activation, and substrate identification.. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1996, 271 (21): 12517–24. PMID 8647860. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.21.12517 .
Gelb BD, Shi GP, Chapman HA, Desnick RJ. Pycnodysostosis, a lysosomal disease caused by cathepsin K deficiency.. Science. 1996, 273 (5279): 1236–8. Bibcode:1996Sci...273.1236G. PMID 8703060. S2CID 7188076. doi:10.1126/science.273.5279.1236.
Johnson MR, Polymeropoulos MH, Vos HL, et al. A nonsense mutation in the cathepsin K gene observed in a family with pycnodysostosis.. Genome Research. 1997, 6 (11): 1050–5. PMID 8938428. doi:10.1101/gr.6.11.1050 .
Littlewood-Evans A, Kokubo T, Ishibashi O, et al. Localization of cathepsin K in human osteoclasts by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.. Bone. 1997, 20 (2): 81–6. PMID 9028530. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(96)00351-1.
McGrath ME, Klaus JL, Barnes MG, Brömme D. Crystal structure of human cathepsin K complexed with a potent inhibitor.. Nature Structural Biology. 1997, 4 (2): 105–9. PMID 9033587. S2CID 22175354. doi:10.1038/nsb0297-105.
Rood JA, Van Horn S, Drake FH, et al. Genomic organization and chromosome localization of the human cathepsin K gene (CTSK).. Genomics. 1997, 41 (2): 169–76. PMID 9143491. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4614.
Gelb BD, Shi GP, Heller M, et al. Structure and chromosomal assignment of the human cathepsin K gene.. Genomics. 1997, 41 (2): 258–62. PMID 9143502. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4631.
Gomes RA, Juliano L, Chagas JR, Hial V. Characterization of kininogenase activity of an acidic proteinase isolated from human kidney.. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1997, 75 (6): 757–61. PMID 9276160. doi:10.1139/cjpp-75-6-757.
Thompson SK, Halbert SM, Bossard MJ, et al. Design of potent and selective human cathepsin K inhibitors that span the active site.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1998, 94 (26): 14249–54. PMC 24926 . PMID 9405598. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14249 .
Gelb BD, Willner JP, Dunn TM, et al. Paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 1 revealed by molecular analysis of a patient with pycnodysostosis.. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 1998, 62 (4): 848–54. PMC 1377035 . PMID 9529353. doi:10.1086/301795.

图集

Osteoclast

外部链接

The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: C01.036
医学主题词表（MeSH）：Cathepsin+K

[1] 與组织蛋白酶K相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.

[2] 對Cathepsin K起作用的藥物；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143387 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028111 - Ensembl, May 2017

[5] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[6] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-7] Entrez Gene: CTSK cathepsin K.

[pmid7818555-8] Inaoka T, Bilbe G, Ishibashi O, Tezuka K, Kumegawa M, Kokubo T. Molecular cloning of human cDNA for cathepsin K: novel cysteine proteinase predominantly expressed in bone. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. January 1995, 206 (1): 89–96. PMID 7818555. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1013.

[Duong_2014-9] Duong LT, Wesolowski GA, Leung P, Oballa R, Pickarski M. Efficacy of a Cathepsin K Inhibitor in a Preclinical Model for Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. 23 September 2014, 13 (12): 2898–909 [2 October 2016]. PMID 25249554. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0253 . （原始内容存档于2019-08-24）.

[NCBI_Gene_Card_cathepsin_K-10] CTSK cathepsin K [ Homo sapiens (human) ]. NCBI Gene. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 4 September 2016 [2 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-31）.

[van_Noorden_2014-11] Verbovšek U, Motaln H, Rotter A, Atai NA, Gruden K, Van Noorden CJ, Lah TT. Expression Analysis of All Protease Genes Reveals Cathepsin K to Be Overexpressed in Glioblastoma. PLOS ONE. 30 October 2014, 9 (10): e111819. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k1819V. PMC 4214761 . PMID 25356585. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111819 .

[Argani_2013-12] Argani, Pedram; et al. A Broad Survey of Cathepsin K Immunoreactivity in Human Neoplasms. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1 February 2013, 139 (2): 151–159. PMC 3957187 . PMID 23355199. doi:10.1309/AJCPDTRTO2Z4UEXD.

[NovusBiologicals-13] Cathepsin K Antibodies. Novus Biologicals online catalog. Novus Biologicals, LLC. 2016 [2 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-31）.

[Abcam_Catalog-14] Anti-Cathepsin K antibody (ab19027). Abcam plc online catalog. Abcam plc. 2016 [2 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-31）.

[Antibodies.com-15] Anti-Cathepsin K Antibody (A5871). Antibodies.com online catalog. Antibodies.com Ltd. 2018 [16 January 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-17）.

[Bromme2009-16] Brömme, Dieter; Lecaille, Fabien. Cathepsin K inhibitors for osteoporosis and potential off-target effects. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 24 April 2009, 18 (5): 585–600. PMC 3110777 . PMID 19388876. doi:10.1517/13543780902832661.

[MerckFinancial-17] Merck Provides Update on Odanacatib Development Program. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. 2 September 2016 [1 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-09）.

[18] Asagiri M, Hirai T, Kunigami T, Kamano S, Gober HJ, Okamoto K, Nishikawa K, Latz E, Golenbock DT, Aoki K, Ohya K, Imai Y, Morishita Y, Miyazono K, Kato S, Saftig P, Takayanagi H,. (2008). Cathepsin K-dependent toll-like receptor 9 signaling revealed in experimental arthritis. Science, 319(5863), 624-627.

[19] Hussein, H., Ishihara, A., Menendez, M., & Bertone, A. (2014). Pharmacokinetics and bone resorption evaluation of a novel Cathepsin K inhibitor (VEL‐0230) in healthy adult horses. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.

[20] MIV-711 for the treatment of ostheoarthritis. www.medivir.se. [2017-10-06]. （原始内容存档于6 October 2017）（英语）.

[21] Burston JJ, Xu L, Mapp PI, Grabowska U, Tunblad K, Lindström E, Chapman V. The Cathepsin K Inhibitor L-006235 Demonstrates Both Disease Modification and Attenuation of Pain Behaviour in the in the Mia Model of Osteoarthritis (PDF). www.medivir.se. April 2016 [6 October 2017]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于6 October 2017）.

[22] Data monitoring committee gives "Go Ahead" in the MIV-711 osteoarthritis extension study (PDF). mb.cision.com. 14 September 2017 [2022-10-31]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-08-21）.

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查论编蛋白酶类：半胱氨酸蛋白酶类（EC 3.4.22)
胱天蛋白酶	胱天蛋白酶1 胱天蛋白酶2 胱天蛋白酶3 胱天蛋白酶4 胱天蛋白酶5 胱天蛋白酶6 胱天蛋白酶7 胱天蛋白酶8 胱天蛋白酶9 胱天蛋白酶10 胱天蛋白酶11 胱天蛋白酶12 胱天蛋白酶13 胱天蛋白酶14
来自果实	木瓜蛋白酶无花果蛋白酶（英语：Ficain）凤梨蛋白酶猕猴桃蛋白酶
钙蛋白酶	CAPN1 CAPN2 CAPN3 CAPN5 CAPN6 CAPN7 CAPN8 CAPN9 CAPN10 CAPN11 CAPN12 CAPN13 CAPN14 CAPNS1 CAPNS2
组织蛋白酶	B C F H K L1/L2 O S T W Z
其它	梭菌蛋白酶癌性促凝物质分离酶（英语：Separase） Autophagin Cruzipain 3C样蛋白酶
EC 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22 · 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7(2.7.10/11-12)/8/9 · 3.1/2/3/4(3.4.21/22/23/24)/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13 · 4.1/2/3/4/5/6 · 5.1/2/3/4/5/99 · 6.1-3（英语：Template:Ligases CO CS and CN）/4/5-6

查论编酶
活性	活性位点结合位点催化三联体负氧离子洞酶催化混杂（英语：Enzyme promiscuity）催化最适酶（英语：Catalytically perfect enzyme）辅因子辅酶酶促反应
调节	别构调节协同性（英语：Cooperativity）酶抑制剂酶激活剂
分类	EC编号蛋白质超家族蛋白质家族酶列表
动力学	酶动力学伊迪-霍夫斯蒂图（英语：Eadie–Hofstee diagram）哈尼斯-伍尔夫图（英语：Hanes–Woolf plot）双倒数图米氏动力学
类型	EC1 氧化还原酶（列表（英语：List of EC numbers (EC 1)）） EC2 转移酶（列表（英语：List of EC numbers (EC 2)）） EC3 水解酶（列表（英语：List of EC numbers (EC 3)）） EC4 裂合酶（列表（英语：List of EC numbers (EC 4)）） EC5 异构酶（列表（英语：List of EC numbers (EC 5)）） EC6 连接酶（列表（英语：List of EC numbers (EC 6)）） EC7 移位酶（英语：Translocase）（列表（英语：List of EC numbers (EC 7)））