當選教宗斯德望

斯德望
Electus Stephanus PP.
當選教宗; 斯德望; Electus Stephanus PP.
就任	752年3月23日
卸任	752年3月26日
前任	聖匝加利亞
繼任	斯德望二世
個人資料
本名	斯德望
逝世	752年3月26日; 羅馬

當選教宗斯德望（拉丁語：Electus Stephanus PP.；？—752年3月25日）本名不可考，是一位被選為教宗的羅馬神父。他於752年3月23日當選教宗，作為聖匝加利亞的繼位者。他是歷任教宗在位最短的一個，只有僅僅三天，之後因為中風而突然離世。由於時間太短，使他未能在死前趕及進行主教祝聖儀式^[1]^[2]，使得許多天主教歷史（英語：History of the Catholic Church）書籍不承認他為教宗，稱下任教宗斯德望三世為斯德望二世。在745年，聖匝加利亞提拔他為聖基所恭聖殿領銜堂區的樞機，該領銜堂區後來由洛林樞機弗雷德里克（英語：Cardinal Frederick of Lorraine）接任，他後來成為教宗斯德望九世。

在《宗座年鑑》中提到斯德望二世（三世）時，附有一道註釋：「聖匝加利亞死時，羅馬神父斯德望被選為新教宗，但是，由於他隔四天後便死亡，未及參加他的『奉獻禮』，根據《天主教法典》此時其任職才真正生效，因此其姓名沒有登記在宗座書籍上，亦不見於其他教宗列表。」^[3]

從752年到942年，有八位名為斯德望的人被選為教宗，包括當選教宗斯德望，但僅七位有實際統治。統治序數（英語：Regnal number）在十世紀前沒有用於教宗，因此附於其名後的編號都是經由追贈加上的。在名字後附加編號成為慣例後，第一位名為斯德望的教宗是斯德望九世，他一生中所有的文獻簽名都是「教宗斯德望九世（Stephanus Papa Nonus）」。

然而後來直到1975年10月1日還有效的教會法^[4]，都把當選當下視為某人成為教宗的時刻，因此斯德望便被時代錯誤地稱作教宗斯德望二世。有些作者，但並非全部，從而把之後所有名為斯德望的教宗編號增加了一位，使得由斯德望三世至斯德望十世的八位教宗也分別順序稱為斯德望二世至斯德望九世。1961年，他的名字被從《宗座年鑑》中移除^[5]。

編號上的分歧也使得這些教宗有兩種編號，所以他們有時也會寫成教宗斯德望二世（三世）－九世（十世）。這種做法見於《天主教百科全書》^[6]、《宗座年鑑》^[3]以及《大英百科全書》^[7]。

參見[編輯]

參考資料[編輯]

^ Horace Mann, "Pope Stephen II" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 2013). [2015-09-01]. （原始內容存檔於2012-06-22）.
^ History's great untold stories: larger than life characters & dramatic ... （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） By Joseph Cummins. National Geographic Books. p. 13.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0), p. 11*
^ On that date, Pope Paul VI changed the law, laying down in his apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici eligendo （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） that (to quote an English version of the document （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）), "88. After his acceptance, the person elected, if he be a bishop, is straightway bishop of Rome, true pope, and head of the episcopal college. He possesses and can exercise full and supreme power over the universal Church. If, however, the elected person does not possess the episcopal character, he is to be immediately ordained a bishop." Pope Paul VI's change of the law was incorporated into the 1983 Code of Canon Law （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）: "Can. 332 §1 The Roman Pontiff acquires full and supreme power in the Church when, together with episcopal consecration, he has been lawfully elected and has accepted the election. Accordingly, if he already has the episcopal character, he receives this power from the moment he accepts election to the supreme pontificate. If he does not have the episcopal character, he is immediately to be ordained Bishop."
^ Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes (Harper Collins 2013 ISBN 978-0-06228834-9), p. 121. [2015-09-01]. （原始內容存檔於2016-09-22）.
^ For instance, Pope Stephen II (III) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 14 pages in volume 17. [2015-09-01]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-22）.

[CE-1] Horace Mann, "Pope Stephen II" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 2013). [2015-09-01]. （原始內容存檔於2012-06-22）.

[2] History's great untold stories: larger than life characters & dramatic ... （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） By Joseph Cummins. National Geographic Books. p. 13.

[AP2012-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0), p. 11*

[4] On that date, Pope Paul VI changed the law, laying down in his apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici eligendo （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） that (to quote an English version of the document （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）), "88. After his acceptance, the person elected, if he be a bishop, is straightway bishop of Rome, true pope, and head of the episcopal college. He possesses and can exercise full and supreme power over the universal Church. If, however, the elected person does not possess the episcopal character, he is to be immediately ordained a bishop." Pope Paul VI's change of the law was incorporated into the 1983 Code of Canon Law （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）: "Can. 332 §1 The Roman Pontiff acquires full and supreme power in the Church when, together with episcopal consecration, he has been lawfully elected and has accepted the election. Accordingly, if he already has the episcopal character, he receives this power from the moment he accepts election to the supreme pontificate. If he does not have the episcopal character, he is immediately to be ordained Bishop."

[5] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes (Harper Collins 2013 ISBN 978-0-06228834-9), p. 121. [2015-09-01]. （原始內容存檔於2016-09-22）.

[6] For instance, Pope Stephen II (III) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[7] Encyclopaedia Britannica, 14 pages in volume 17. [2015-09-01]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-22）.

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