连接组学:修订间差异
JimGrassroot(留言 | 贡献) 无编辑摘要 |
JimGrassroot(留言 | 贡献) 无编辑摘要 |
||
第3行: | 第3行: | ||
==工具== |
==工具== |
||
在宏观层面上用于连通组学研究的主要工具之一是[[擴散磁振造影|扩散MRI]]<ref name=pmid18495497>{{cite journal|last1=Wedeen|first1=V.J.|last2=Wang|first2=R.P.|last3=Schmahmann|first3=J.D.|last4=Benner|first4=T.|last5=Tseng|first5=W.Y.I.|last6=Dai|first6=G.|last7=Pandya|first7=D.N.|last8=Hagmann|first8=P.|last9=D'arceuil|first9=H.|last10=De Crespigny|first10=A.J.|title=Diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging (DSI) tractography of crossing fibers|journal=NeuroImage|volume=41|issue=4|pages=1267–77|year=2008|pmid=18495497|doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.036|display-authors=8 }}</ref>。 微观级别的连通组学研究的主要工具是化学脑保存,然后是3D[[电子显微镜]]<ref name=pmid21311605>{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=JR|last2=Jones|first2=BW|last3=Watt|first3=CB|last4=Shaw|first4=MV|last5=Yang|first5=JH|last6=Demill|first6=D|last7=Lauritzen|first7=JS|last8=Lin|first8=Y|last9=Rapp|first9=KD|last10=Mastronarde|first10=D|last11=Koshevoy|first11=P|last12=Grimm|first12=B|last13=Tasdizen|first13=T|last14=Whitaker|first14=R|last15=Marc|first15=R. E.|title=Exploring the retinal connectome|journal=Molecular Vision|volume=17|pages=355–79|year=2011|pmid=21311605|pmc=3036568|display-authors=8 }}</ref>,用于神经回路重建。 将荧光与3D电子显微镜相结合的相关显微镜可以产生更多可解释的数据,因为它能够自动检测特定的神经元类型,并可以使用荧光标记对它们进行整体追踪<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://request.delmic.com/neuroscience|title=Neuroscience: Synaptic connectivity in the songbird brain - Application Note {{!}} DELMIC|last=BV|first=DELMIC|website=request.delmic.com|language=en|access-date=2017-02-16}}</ref>。 |
在宏观层面上用于连通组学研究的主要工具之一是[[擴散磁振造影|扩散MRI]]<ref name=pmid18495497>{{cite journal|last1=Wedeen|first1=V.J.|last2=Wang|first2=R.P.|last3=Schmahmann|first3=J.D.|last4=Benner|first4=T.|last5=Tseng|first5=W.Y.I.|last6=Dai|first6=G.|last7=Pandya|first7=D.N.|last8=Hagmann|first8=P.|last9=D'arceuil|first9=H.|last10=De Crespigny|first10=A.J.|title=Diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging (DSI) tractography of crossing fibers|journal=NeuroImage|volume=41|issue=4|pages=1267–77|year=2008|pmid=18495497|doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.036|display-authors=8 }}</ref>。 微观级别的连通组学研究的主要工具是化学脑保存,然后是3D[[电子显微镜]]<ref name=pmid21311605>{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=JR|last2=Jones|first2=BW|last3=Watt|first3=CB|last4=Shaw|first4=MV|last5=Yang|first5=JH|last6=Demill|first6=D|last7=Lauritzen|first7=JS|last8=Lin|first8=Y|last9=Rapp|first9=KD|last10=Mastronarde|first10=D|last11=Koshevoy|first11=P|last12=Grimm|first12=B|last13=Tasdizen|first13=T|last14=Whitaker|first14=R|last15=Marc|first15=R. E.|title=Exploring the retinal connectome|journal=Molecular Vision|volume=17|pages=355–79|year=2011|pmid=21311605|pmc=3036568|display-authors=8 }}</ref>,用于神经回路重建。 将荧光与3D电子显微镜相结合的相关显微镜可以产生更多可解释的数据,因为它能够自动检测特定的神经元类型,并可以使用荧光标记对它们进行整体追踪<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://request.delmic.com/neuroscience|title=Neuroscience: Synaptic connectivity in the songbird brain - Application Note {{!}} DELMIC|last=BV|first=DELMIC|website=request.delmic.com|language=en|access-date=2017-02-16}}</ref>。 |
||
要查看全分辨率的第一个微连接组之一,请访问"开放连接组项目(Open Connectome Project)",该项目托管多个连接组数据集,包括Bock等人的12TB数据集。(2011年)。 |
要查看全分辨率的第一个微连接组之一,请访问"开放连接组项目(Open Connectome Project)",该项目托管多个连接组数据集,包括Bock等人的12TB数据集。(2011年)。 |
||
==模式系统== |
==模式系统== |
||
除了[[人脑]],用于连通组学研究的一些模式系统是小鼠<ref name=pmid21390124>{{cite journal|last1=Bock|first1=Davi D.|last2=Lee|first2=Wei-Chung Allen|last3=Kerlin|first3=Aaron M.|last4=Andermann|first4=Mark L.|last5=Hood|first5=Greg|last6=Wetzel|first6=Arthur W.|last7=Yurgenson|first7=Sergey|last8=Soucy|first8=Edward R.|last9=Kim|first9=Hyon Suk|last10=Reid|first10=R. Clay|title=Network anatomy and in vivo physiology of visual cortical neurons|journal=Nature|volume=471|issue=7337|pages=177–82|year=2011|pmid=21390124|doi=10.1038/nature09802|display-authors=8|pmc=3095821|bibcode=2011Natur.471..177B }}</ref>,果蝇(Drosophila)<ref name=pmid20833533>{{cite journal|last1=Chklovskii|first1=Dmitri B|last2=Vitaladevuni|first2=Shiv|last3=Scheffer|first3=Louis K|title=Semi-automated reconstruction of neural circuits using electron microscopy|journal=Current Opinion in Neurobiology|volume=20|issue=5|pages=667–75|year=2010|pmid=20833533|doi=10.1016/j.conb.2010.08.002}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zheng|first1=Z|title=A Complete Electron Microscopy Volume of the Brain of Adult Drosophila melanogaster.|journal=Cell|date=2018|volume=174|issue=3|pages=730–743|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.019|pmid=30033368|pmc=6063995|url=https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)30787-6?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867418307876%3Fshowall%3Dtrue|accessdate=6 August 2018}}</ref>,[[秀麗隱桿線蟲]]<ref name=pmid16537428>{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=B. L.|last2=Hall|first2=D. H.|last3=Chklovskii|first3=D. B.|title=Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=103|issue=12|pages=4723–8|year=2006|doi= 10.1073/pnas.0506806103|pmid=16537428|pmc=1550972|bibcode=2006PNAS..103.4723C }}</ref><ref name=pmid19918070>{{cite journal|last1=Perez-Escudero|first1=A.|last2=Rivera-Alba|first2=M.|last3=De Polavieja|first3=G. G.|title=Structure of deviations from optimality in biological systems|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=106|issue=48|pages=20544–9|year=2009|doi=10.1073/pnas.0905336106|pmid=19918070|pmc=2777958|bibcode=2009PNAS..10620544P }}</ref>,和[[仓鸮]]<ref name=pmid21131711>{{cite journal|last1=Pena|first1=JL|last2=Debello|first2=WM|title=Auditory processing, plasticity, and learning in the barn owl|journal=ILAR Journal|volume=51|issue=4|pages=338–52|year=2010|pmid=21131711|pmc=3102523|doi=10.1093/ilar.51.4.338}}</ref>。 |
除了[[人脑]],用于连通组学研究的一些模式系统是小鼠<ref name=pmid21390124>{{cite journal|last1=Bock|first1=Davi D.|last2=Lee|first2=Wei-Chung Allen|last3=Kerlin|first3=Aaron M.|last4=Andermann|first4=Mark L.|last5=Hood|first5=Greg|last6=Wetzel|first6=Arthur W.|last7=Yurgenson|first7=Sergey|last8=Soucy|first8=Edward R.|last9=Kim|first9=Hyon Suk|last10=Reid|first10=R. Clay|title=Network anatomy and in vivo physiology of visual cortical neurons|journal=Nature|volume=471|issue=7337|pages=177–82|year=2011|pmid=21390124|doi=10.1038/nature09802|display-authors=8|pmc=3095821|bibcode=2011Natur.471..177B }}</ref>,果蝇(Drosophila)<ref name=pmid20833533>{{cite journal|last1=Chklovskii|first1=Dmitri B|last2=Vitaladevuni|first2=Shiv|last3=Scheffer|first3=Louis K|title=Semi-automated reconstruction of neural circuits using electron microscopy|journal=Current Opinion in Neurobiology|volume=20|issue=5|pages=667–75|year=2010|pmid=20833533|doi=10.1016/j.conb.2010.08.002}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zheng|first1=Z|title=A Complete Electron Microscopy Volume of the Brain of Adult Drosophila melanogaster.|journal=Cell|date=2018|volume=174|issue=3|pages=730–743|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.019|pmid=30033368|pmc=6063995|url=https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)30787-6?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867418307876%3Fshowall%3Dtrue|accessdate=6 August 2018}}</ref>,[[秀麗隱桿線蟲]]<ref name=pmid16537428>{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=B. L.|last2=Hall|first2=D. H.|last3=Chklovskii|first3=D. B.|title=Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=103|issue=12|pages=4723–8|year=2006|doi= 10.1073/pnas.0506806103|pmid=16537428|pmc=1550972|bibcode=2006PNAS..103.4723C }}</ref><ref name=pmid19918070>{{cite journal|last1=Perez-Escudero|first1=A.|last2=Rivera-Alba|first2=M.|last3=De Polavieja|first3=G. G.|title=Structure of deviations from optimality in biological systems|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=106|issue=48|pages=20544–9|year=2009|doi=10.1073/pnas.0905336106|pmid=19918070|pmc=2777958|bibcode=2009PNAS..10620544P }}</ref>,和[[仓鸮]]<ref name=pmid21131711>{{cite journal|last1=Pena|first1=JL|last2=Debello|first2=WM|title=Auditory processing, plasticity, and learning in the barn owl|journal=ILAR Journal|volume=51|issue=4|pages=338–52|year=2010|pmid=21131711|pmc=3102523|doi=10.1093/ilar.51.4.338}}</ref>。 |
||
==应用== |
|||
通过比较患病的连接组和健康的连接组,我们应该深入了解某些精神病理学,例如{{le|神经性疼痛|Neuropathic pain}},以及它们的潜在疗法。 通常,[[神经科学]]领域将受益于标准化和原始数据。 例如,连接组图可用于通知全脑动力学的计算模型。<ref name="sporns">http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Connectome{{Unreliable medical source|date=March 2011}}{{Self-published inline|date=March 2011}}</ref> 当前的神经网络主要依赖于连通模式的概率表示<ref name=pmid19662159>{{cite journal|last1=Nordlie|first1=Eilen|last2=Gewaltig|first2=Marc-Oliver|last3=Plesser|first3=Hans Ekkehard|editor1-last=Friston|editor1-first=Karl J.|title=Towards Reproducible Descriptions of Neuronal Network Models|journal=PLoS Computational Biology|volume=5|issue=8|pages=e1000456|year=2009|pmid=19662159|pmc=2713426|doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000456|bibcode=2009PLSCB...5E0456N }}</ref>。 连接图(连通组学的圆形图)已用于创伤性脑损伤病例,以记录神经网络损伤的程度。 |
|||
==与基因组学比较== |
==与基因组学比较== |
2019年2月26日 (二) 05:27的版本
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png/220px-White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png)
连接组学(Connectomics)绘制与研究神经连接组(connectomes):这是一种刻画有机体神经系统(尤其是脑和眼)的连接方式的完整线路图。由于这些结构极其复杂,高效筛选的神经成像和组织学方法被用于提高绘制神经连接线路图的速度、效率和精度。尽管连接组学的主要研究对象是大脑,但其他任何神经连接也可由连接组学的方法测绘,例如神经肌肉接点(neuromuscular junctions)。
工具
在宏观层面上用于连通组学研究的主要工具之一是扩散MRI[1]。 微观级别的连通组学研究的主要工具是化学脑保存,然后是3D电子显微镜[2],用于神经回路重建。 将荧光与3D电子显微镜相结合的相关显微镜可以产生更多可解释的数据,因为它能够自动检测特定的神经元类型,并可以使用荧光标记对它们进行整体追踪[3]。
要查看全分辨率的第一个微连接组之一,请访问"开放连接组项目(Open Connectome Project)",该项目托管多个连接组数据集,包括Bock等人的12TB数据集。(2011年)。
模式系统
除了人脑,用于连通组学研究的一些模式系统是小鼠[4],果蝇(Drosophila)[5][6],秀麗隱桿線蟲[7][8],和仓鸮[9]。
应用
通过比较患病的连接组和健康的连接组,我们应该深入了解某些精神病理学,例如神经性疼痛,以及它们的潜在疗法。 通常,神经科学领域将受益于标准化和原始数据。 例如,连接组图可用于通知全脑动力学的计算模型。[10] 当前的神经网络主要依赖于连通模式的概率表示[11]。 连接图(连通组学的圆形图)已用于创伤性脑损伤病例,以记录神经网络损伤的程度。
与基因组学比较
人类基因组计划最初面临许多上述批评,但仍然提前完成,并在遗传学方面取得了许多进展。 有人认为可以在基因组学和连通组学之间进行类比,因此我们至少应该对连通组学的前景稍微乐观一些[12]。 其他人批评了一个微型的连接组的尝试,认为我们没有足够的知识去寻找洞察力,或者说它不能在现实的时间框架内完成[13]。
参见
外部链接
- Open Connectome Project
- The Connectome Project at Harvard
- Connectome Research by EPFL/CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
- The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research
- TED talk by Sebastian Seung: "I am my connectome".
|
|
- ^ Wedeen, V.J.; Wang, R.P.; Schmahmann, J.D.; Benner, T.; Tseng, W.Y.I.; Dai, G.; Pandya, D.N.; Hagmann, P.; et al. Diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging (DSI) tractography of crossing fibers. NeuroImage. 2008, 41 (4): 1267–77. PMID 18495497. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.036.
- ^ Anderson, JR; Jones, BW; Watt, CB; Shaw, MV; Yang, JH; Demill, D; Lauritzen, JS; Lin, Y; et al. Exploring the retinal connectome. Molecular Vision. 2011, 17: 355–79. PMC 3036568
. PMID 21311605.
- ^ BV, DELMIC. Neuroscience: Synaptic connectivity in the songbird brain - Application Note | DELMIC. request.delmic.com. [2017-02-16] (英语).
- ^ Bock, Davi D.; Lee, Wei-Chung Allen; Kerlin, Aaron M.; Andermann, Mark L.; Hood, Greg; Wetzel, Arthur W.; Yurgenson, Sergey; Soucy, Edward R.; et al. Network anatomy and in vivo physiology of visual cortical neurons. Nature. 2011, 471 (7337): 177–82. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..177B. PMC 3095821
. PMID 21390124. doi:10.1038/nature09802.
- ^ Chklovskii, Dmitri B; Vitaladevuni, Shiv; Scheffer, Louis K. Semi-automated reconstruction of neural circuits using electron microscopy. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 2010, 20 (5): 667–75. PMID 20833533. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2010.08.002.
- ^ Zheng, Z. A Complete Electron Microscopy Volume of the Brain of Adult Drosophila melanogaster.. Cell. 2018, 174 (3): 730–743 [6 August 2018]. PMC 6063995
. PMID 30033368. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.019.
- ^ Chen, B. L.; Hall, D. H.; Chklovskii, D. B. Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006, 103 (12): 4723–8. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.4723C. PMC 1550972
. PMID 16537428. doi:10.1073/pnas.0506806103.
- ^ Perez-Escudero, A.; Rivera-Alba, M.; De Polavieja, G. G. Structure of deviations from optimality in biological systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2009, 106 (48): 20544–9. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10620544P. PMC 2777958
. PMID 19918070. doi:10.1073/pnas.0905336106.
- ^ Pena, JL; Debello, WM. Auditory processing, plasticity, and learning in the barn owl. ILAR Journal. 2010, 51 (4): 338–52. PMC 3102523
. PMID 21131711. doi:10.1093/ilar.51.4.338.
- ^ http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Connectome[不可靠的醫學來源?][自述来源]
- ^ Nordlie, Eilen; Gewaltig, Marc-Oliver; Plesser, Hans Ekkehard. Friston, Karl J. , 编. Towards Reproducible Descriptions of Neuronal Network Models. PLoS Computational Biology. 2009, 5 (8): e1000456. Bibcode:2009PLSCB...5E0456N. PMC 2713426
. PMID 19662159. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000456.
- ^ Lichtman, J; Sanes, J. Ome sweet ome: what can the genome tell us about the connectome?. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 2008, 18 (3): 346–53. PMC 2735215
. PMID 18801435. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2008.08.010.
- ^ Vance, Ashlee. Seeking the Connectome, a Mental Map, Slice by Slice. The New York Times. 27 December 2010.