梯子悖论
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梯子悖论（英语：Ladder Paradox；或称为竿与谷仓悖论，英语：Barn-pole Paradox）是狭义相对论的思想实验。实验中牵涉到一个平行于地面放置，行进方向与地面平行且速度接近于光速因此感受到长度收缩的梯子。假想此梯子会经过一个其静止长度比梯子短的车库或谷仓的前门与后门，因此如果梯子不移动的话，其是无法容纳进整个谷仓里的。一方面，对于一个静止的观察者而言，因为收缩效应，当梯子高速移动经过谷仓时，可以完美地容纳进谷仓。另一方面，对于一个与梯子一起运动的观察者而言，梯子长度不会收缩，反而谷仓会收缩到更短的长度。因此，当梯子经过谷仓时，无法完美地容纳进谷仓里。由此可见，两位观察者对于所见到的事实有着明显的差异。
这明显的悖论是来自于错误地假设同时性是绝对的。如果梯子的两端能够同时在谷仓里面，则会认为梯子能够容纳进谷仓里。因此这个悖论可以由考虑到在相对论中，同时性对每位观察者是相对的来解决。换句话说，梯子是否能够容纳进谷仓里是取决于观察者的。
参见
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- Wells, Willard H. Length paradox in relativity. American Journal of Physics. 1961, 29 (12): 858. Bibcode:1961AmJPh..29..858W. doi:10.1119/1.1937641.
- Shaw, R. Length contraction paradox. American Journal of Physics. 1962, 30 (1): 72. Bibcode:1962AmJPh..30...72S. doi:10.1119/1.1941907.
- Martins, Roberto De A. Length paradox in relativity. American Journal of Physics. 1978, 46 (6): 667–670. Bibcode:1978AmJPh..46..667M. doi:10.1119/1.11227.
- Sastry, G. P. Is length contraction really paradoxical?. American Journal of Physics. 1987, 55 (10): 943–946. Bibcode:1987AmJPh..55..943S. doi:10.1119/1.14911.
- Grøn, Øyvind; Johannesen, Steinar. Computer simulation of Rindler's length contraction paradox. European Journal of Physics. 1993, 14 (3): 97–100. Bibcode:1993EJPh...14...97G. S2CID 250879672. doi:10.1088/0143-0807/14/3/001.
- van Lintel, Harald; Gruber, Christian. The rod and hole paradox re-examined. European Journal of Physics. 2005, 26 (1): 19–23. Bibcode:2005EJPh...26...19V. S2CID 121888743. doi:10.1088/0143-0807/26/1/003.
- Iyer, Chandru; Prabhu, G. M. Reversal in the time order of interactive events: the collision of inclined rods. European Journal of Physics. 2008, 27 (4): 819–824. Bibcode:2006EJPh...27..819I. S2CID 117711286. arXiv:0809.1721
. doi:10.1088/0143-0807/27/4/013. - Pierce, Evan. The lock and key paradox and the limits of rigidity in special relativity. American Journal of Physics. 2007, 75 (7): 610–614. Bibcode:2007AmJPh..75..610P. doi:10.1119/1.2711827.
- Iyer, Chandru; Prabhu, G. M. Differing observations on the landing of the rod into the slot. American Journal of Physics. 2008, 74 (11): 998–1001. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74..998I. S2CID 55801261. arXiv:0809.1740 . doi:10.1119/1.2346686.
- McGlynn, Enda; van Kampen, Paul. A note on linking electric current, magnetic fields, charges and the pole in a barn paradox in special relativity. European Journal of Physics. 2008, 29 (6): N63–N67. Bibcode:2008EJPh...29...63M. S2CID 121939564. doi:10.1088/0143-0807/29/6/N03.
延伸阅读
[编辑]- Edwin F. Taylor and John Archibald Wheeler, Spacetime Physics (2nd ed) (Freeman, NY, 1992)
- - discusses various apparent SR paradoxes and their solutions
- Rindler, Wolfgang. Relativity: Special, General and Cosmological. Oxford University Press. 2001. ISBN 0-19-850836-0.
- Ferraro, Rafael. Einstein's space-time: an introduction to special and general relativity. Springer. 2007. ISBN 978-0-387-69946-2.
外部链接
[编辑]
- Special Relativity Animations from John de Pillis.This inter-active animated train-and-tunnel paradox is an analog of the pole (train) and barn (tunnel) paradox.