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癌症标志物

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癌症标志物又称肿瘤标志物，是由癌细胞直接产生或由非癌细胞经癌细胞诱导产生（人体对癌细胞的反应）的物质（生物标记）[1]。癌症标志物存在于人们的血液、尿液或组织中。对于肿瘤标志物的检测可对肿瘤存在、发病过程及预后作出判断。每个肿瘤标志物对应的癌症有所不同。肿瘤标志物水平升高可能表明患有癌症，然而也可能有其他原因导致升高。

癌症标志物可回答的问题：

  • 预后：这种癌症可能继续生长？
  • 诊断：我患了何种癌症？
  • 预测：这种药是针对我患癌症的最佳用药吗？
  • 药效学：对我来说此药的最佳用量是多少？
  • 复发：癌症会再次发作吗？

常见的肿瘤标志物

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肿瘤标志物 有关的癌症
Α-胎儿蛋白 (AFP) 生殖细胞瘤, 肝细胞癌[2]
CA 15-3 乳癌[3]
CA27.29 乳癌[4]
CA19-9 胰脏癌、大肠癌、胃肠道癌.[5]
CA-125 卵巢癌,[6]、子宫内膜癌, 输卵管瘤, 肺癌, 乳癌和胃肠道癌.[7]、子宫内膜异位症.[8]
降钙素 甲状腺髓质癌
Calretinin（英语：Calretinin） 间皮瘤, 性腺间质肿瘤, adrenocortical carcinoma（英语：adrenocortical carcinoma）, 滑膜肉瘤[2]
癌胚抗原 胃肠道癌, 子宫颈癌, 肺癌, 卵巢癌, 乳癌, urinary tract cancer[2]
CD34 hemangiopericytoma（英语：hemangiopericytoma）/solitary fibrous tumor（英语：solitary fibrous tumor）, 多形性脂肪瘤, 胃肠道基质肿瘤, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans（英语：dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans）[2]
CD99（英语：CD99）MIC 2 尤文氏肉瘤, primitive neuroectodermal tumor（英语：primitive neuroectodermal tumor）, hemangiopericytoma（英语：hemangiopericytoma）/solitary fibrous tumor（英语：solitary fibrous tumor）, 滑膜肉瘤, 淋巴瘤, 白血病, 性腺间质肿瘤[2]
CD117（英语：CD117） 胃肠道基质肿瘤, mastocytosis（英语：mastocytosis）, seminoma（英语：seminoma）[2]
Chromogranin（英语：Chromogranin） 神经内分泌肿瘤[2]
Chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and 9p21 膀胱癌[9]
Cytokeratin（英语：Cytokeratin） (TPA, TPS, Cyfra21-1) 癌、肉瘤[2]
Desmin（英语：Desmin） smooth muscle sarcoma, 横纹肌肉瘤, endometrial stromal sarcoma（英语：endometrial stromal sarcoma）[2]
Epithelial membrane antigen（英语：Epithelial membrane antigen） (EMA) 癌、meningioma（英语：meningioma）、肉瘤[2]
Factor VIII（英语：Factor VIII）, CD31 FL1 vascular sarcoma[2]
Glial fibrillary acidic protein（英语：Glial fibrillary acidic protein） (GFAP) 神经胶质瘤 (astrocytoma（英语：astrocytoma）, ependymoma（英语：ependymoma）)[2]
Gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15) 乳癌, 卵巢癌, salivary gland cancer（英语：salivary gland cancer）[2]
hPG80（英语：hPG80） 乳癌, 卵巢癌, 前列腺癌, 肾癌, 大肠癌, 肝癌
HMB-45（英语：HMB-45） 黑色素瘤, PEComa（英语：PEComa） (例如 angiomyolipoma（英语：angiomyolipoma）), clear cell adenocarcinoma（英语：clear cell adenocarcinoma）, adrenocortical carcinoma（英语：adrenocortical carcinoma）[2]
人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG) 妊娠滋养细胞疾病, 生殖细胞瘤, 绒毛膜癌[2]
抗体 淋巴瘤, 白血病[2]
激活素与抑制素 性腺间质肿瘤, adrenocortical carcinoma（英语：adrenocortical carcinoma）, hemangioblastoma（英语：hemangioblastoma）[2]
角蛋白 癌, 肉瘤[2]
淋巴细胞 淋巴瘤, 白血病[2]
MART-1（英语：MART-1） (Melan-A) 黑色素瘤,adrenocortical carcinoma（英语：adrenocortical carcinoma）、gonadal tumor[2]
Myo D1（英语：Myo D1） 横纹肌肉瘤, small, round, blue cell tumour（英语：small, round, blue cell tumour）[2]
muscle-specific actin (MSA) myosarcoma（英语：myosarcoma） (平滑肌肉瘤, 横纹肌肉瘤)[2]
neurofilament（英语：neurofilament） 神经内分泌肿瘤, 小细胞癌[2]
neuron-specific enolase（英语：neuron-specific enolase） (NSE) 神经内分泌肿瘤, 小细胞癌, 乳癌[2]
placental alkaline phosphatase（英语：placental alkaline phosphatase） (PLAP) seminoma（英语：seminoma）, 无性细胞瘤, 胚胎性癌[2]
前列腺特异抗原 (PSA) 前列腺[2]
蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶C型受体 (CD45) 淋巴瘤, 白血病, histiocytic sarcoma（英语：histiocytic sarcoma）[2]
S100蛋白 黑色素瘤, 肉瘤 (neurosarcoma（英语：neurosarcoma）, 脂肪瘤, chondrosarcoma（英语：chondrosarcoma）), astrocytoma（英语：astrocytoma）, 胃肠道基质肿瘤, salivary gland cancer（英语：salivary gland cancer）, adenocarcinoma（英语：adenocarcinoma）, histiocytic tumor (树突状细胞, 巨噬细胞)[2]
smooth muscle actin (SMA) 胃肠道基质肿瘤, 平滑肌肉瘤, PEComa（英语：PEComa）[2]
突触素 神经内分泌肿瘤[2]
胸苷激酶 淋巴瘤, 白血病, 肺癌, 前列腺癌
thyroglobulin（英语：thyroglobulin） (Tg) 甲状腺癌[2]
thyroid transcription factor-1（英语：thyroid transcription factor-1） (TTF-1) 甲状腺癌, 肺癌[2]
Tumor M2-PK（英语：Tumor M2-PK） 大肠癌,[10] 乳癌,[11][12] renal cell carcinoma（英语：renal cell carcinoma）[13][14] 肺癌,[15][16] 胰脏癌,[17] 食道癌,[18] 胃癌,[18]子宫颈癌,[19] 卵巢癌,[20]
波形蛋白 肉瘤, renal cell carcinoma（英语：renal cell carcinoma）, 子宫内膜癌, 肺癌, 淋巴瘤, 白血病, 黑色素瘤[2]

分子癌症标志物

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肿瘤类型 生物标志物
乳腺 ER（雌激素受体）[21][22]
HER-2/neu[21][22]
结直肠 EGFR[21][22]
KRAS[21][23]
UGT1A1[21][23]
胃 HER-2/neu[21]
胃肠道基质肿瘤 c-KIT[21][24]
白血病/淋巴瘤 CD20抗原[21][25]
CD30[21][26]
FIP1L1-PDGRFα[21][27]
PDGFR[21][28]
费城染色体（BCR/ABL）[21][29][30]
PML/RARα[21][31]
TPMT[21][32]
UGT1A1[21][33]
肺 ALK[21][34][35]
EGFR[21][22]
KRAS[21][22]
黑色素瘤 BRAF[21][35]

生物标志物的其它例子：

参考文献

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  1. ^ “肿瘤标志物”升高，是不是得了癌症？. 瑞金医院. [2021-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-23）. 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 Page 746 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） in: Title Manual of clinical oncology Spiral manual Manual of Clinical Oncology Lippincott Manual Series Authors Dennis Albert Casciato, Mary C. Territo Editors Dennis Albert Casciato, Mary C. Territo Contributor Mary C. Territo Edition 6, illustrated Publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008 ISBN 0-7817-6884-5, ISBN 978-0-7817-6884-9
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  4. ^ Definition of CA 27-29. From MedicineNet. Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012. [2021-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-25）. 
  5. ^ gpnotebook.co.uk > ca-19-9 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Retrieved November 2011
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检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=癌症标志物&oldid=84668529”