折射率列表
外觀
![本頁使用了標題或全文手工轉換](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Refraction_at_interface.svg/220px-Refraction_at_interface.svg.png)
作為物質的特徵之一,不同的物質具有不同的折射率,且折射率與光的頻率有關。標準折射率是指光波長為589納米(即鈉原子光譜中的雙黃線)條件下測量得到的折射率。
折射率亦與溫度、壓強或應力、物質組成(例如雜質含量)等有較弱的關聯。對於大多數物質來說,通常情況下這些因素導致的折射率變化在1%或更低的數量級。然而,若對精度有所要求,就有必要引用折射率的測量來源。
一般來說,折射率是複數,即包含實數和虛數部分,其中虛數部分表徵物質對特定波長的光的吸收強度,因此虛數部分有時也被稱為消光係數。折射率的虛數部分有時十分重要,例如可見光在金屬中傳播的情況中,在描述折射率時必須包含其虛數部分。
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/RefractionReflextion-zh.svg/650px-RefractionReflextion-zh.svg.png)
折射率列表
[編輯]物質 | λ (nm) | n | 來源 |
---|---|---|---|
真空 | 1 (定義值) | ||
標準狀況下的空氣 | 1.000277 | ||
0 °C,1 標準大氣壓下的氣體 | |||
地球大氣層 | 589.29 | 1.000293 | [1] |
二氧化碳 | 589.29 | 1.001 | [2][3][4] |
氦 | 589.29 | 1.000036 | [1] |
氫 | 589.29 | 1.000132 | [1] |
20 °C 的液體 | |||
溶於二碘甲烷的三硫化二砷和硫 | 1.9 | [5] | |
二硫化碳 | 589.29 | 1.628 | [1] |
苯 | 589.29 | 1.501 | [1] |
四氯化碳 | 589.29 | 1.461 | [1] |
硅油 (nD25) | 589.29 | 1.393–1.403 | [6] |
煤油 | 1.39 | ||
乙醇 (ethyl alcohol) | 589.29 | 1.361 | [1] |
丙酮 | 1.36 | ||
水 | 589.29 | 1.330 | [1] |
10% 葡萄糖水溶液 | 589.29 | 1.3477 | [7] |
20% 葡萄糖水溶液 | 589.29 | 1.3635 | [7] |
60% 葡萄糖水溶液 | 589.29 | 1.4394 | [7] |
室溫下的固體 | |||
碳化硅(莫桑石) | 589.29 | 2.65 | [8] |
二氧化鈦(金紅石) | 589.29 | 2.614 | [9][10] |
鑽石 | 589.29 | 2.417 | [1] |
鈦酸鍶 | 589.29 | 2.41 | [11] |
五氧化二鉭 | 589.29 | 2.15 | [12] |
琥珀 | 589.29 | 1.55 | [1] |
氯化鈉 | 589.29 | 1.544 | [13] |
熔融石英 | 589.29 | 1.458 | [1][14] |
其他物質 | |||
液氦 | 1.025 | ||
全氟己烷 | 1.251 | [15] | |
冰 | 1.31 | ||
無定型含氟樹脂(Teflon AF) | 1.315 | [16][17] | |
冰晶石 | 1.338 | ||
Cytop | 1.34 | [18] | |
聚四氟乙烯 | 1.35–1.38 | [19] | |
25%食糖溶液 | 1.3723 | [20] | |
人角膜 | 1.373/1.380/1.401 | [21] | |
人晶狀體 | 1.386–1.406 | ||
人肝臟 | 964 | 1.369 | [22] |
人消化道 | 964 | 1.329-1.338 | [23] |
乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物(氟塑膜) | 1.403 | [24] | |
聚二甲基矽氧烷 | 1.4118 | [25] | |
50%食糖溶液 | 1.4200 | [20] | |
聚乳酸 | 1.46 | [26] | |
派熱克斯玻璃 | 1.470 | [27] | |
植物油 | 1.47 | [28] | |
甘油 | 1.4729 | ||
75%食糖溶液 | 1.4774 | [20] | |
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 | 1.4893–1.4899 | ||
石鹽 | 1.516 | ||
玻璃片 | 1.52 | ||
冕牌玻璃(純淨) | 1.50–1.54 | ||
PETg | 1.57 | ||
聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET) | 1.5750 | ||
聚碳酸酯 | 150 | 1.60 | [30] |
冕牌玻璃(不純淨) | 1.485–1.755 | ||
燧石玻璃(純淨) | 1.60–1.62 | ||
溴 | 1.661 | ||
燧石玻璃(不純淨) | 1.523–1.925 | ||
藍寶石 | 1.762–1.778 | ||
氮化硼 | 2-2.14 | [31] | |
立方氧化鋯 | 2.15–2.18 | [32] | |
鈮酸鉀 (KNbO3) | 2.28 | ||
氧化鋅 | 390 | 2.4 | |
硃砂 (硫化汞) | 3.02 | ||
硅 | 1200 - 8500 | 3.42–3.48 | [33] |
磷化鎵 | 3.5 | ||
砷化鎵 | 3.927 | ||
鍺 | 3000 - 16000 | 4.05–4.01 | [34] |
參見
[編輯]參考資料
[編輯]- ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Zajac, Alfred; Hecht, Eugene. Optics, Fourth Edit. Pearson Higher Education. 2003-03-18. ISBN 978-0-321-18878-6.
- ^ Morgan, Joseph. Introduction to Geometrical and Physical Optics. McGraw-Hill Book Company, INC. 1953.
- ^ Hodgman, Charles D. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. 1957.
- ^ Pedrotti, Frank L.; Pedrotti, Leno M.; Pedrotti, Leno S. Introduction to Optics, Third Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. 2007: 221. ISBN 978-0-13-149933-1.
- ^ Meyrowitz, R, A compilation and classification of immersion media of high index of refraction, American Mineralogist 40: 398 (1955) (PDF). [2019-10-22]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-06-16).
- ^ Silicone Fluids: Stable and Inert Media (PDF). Gelest, Inc. 1998 [2019-10-22]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-10-27).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lide, David R. Lide (編). CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry 82nd. Cleveland, OH: The Chemical Rubber Company. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8493-0482-8.
- ^ Silicon Carbide (SiC) - Optical properties. Ioffe Institute. [2009-06-06]. (原始內容存檔於2020-07-31).
- ^ Polyanskiy, Mikhail N. Optical constants of TiO2 (Titanium dioxide). Refractive Index Database. [2019-10-22]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-03).
- ^ Shannon, Robert D.; Shannon, Ruth C.; Medenbach, Olaf; Fischer, Reinhard X. Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides (PDF). J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 2002-10-25, 31 (4): 931–970 [2019-10-22]. Bibcode:2002JPCRD..31..931S. doi:10.1063/1.1497384. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-27).
- ^ Frye, Asa; French, R. H.; Bonnell, D. A. Optical properties and electronic structure of oxidized and reduced single-crystal strontium titanate (PDF). Zeitschrift für Metallkunde. 2003, 94 (3): 226 [2014-07-11]. doi:10.3139/146.030226. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-05-07).
- ^ Polyanskiy, Mikhail. Optical constants of Ta2O5 (Tantalum pentoxide). Refractive Index Database. 2018 [2019-10-22]. (原始內容存檔於2020-07-25).
- ^ Serway, Raymond A.; Faughn, Jerry S. College Physics, 6th Edition. Brooks/Cole. 2003: 692. ISBN 978-0-03-035114-3.
- ^ Tan, G; Lemon, M.; Jones, D.; French, R. Optical properties and London dispersion interaction of amorphous and crystalline {SiO2} determined by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry (PDF). Physical Review B. 2005, 72 (20): 205117 [2014-07-11]. Bibcode:2005PhRvB..72t5117T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.72.205117.
- ^ Fluorinert Electronic Liquid FC-72 Product Information (PDF). [2017-05-01]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-12-01).
- ^ Teflon AF. [2010-10-14]. (原始內容存檔於2015-05-26).
- ^ Yang, Min K. Optical properties of Teflon® {AF} amorphous fluoropolymers (PDF). Journal of Micro/Nano Lithography. July 2008, 7 (3): 033010 [2014-07-11]. doi:10.1117/1.2965541.
- ^ CYTOP Amorphous Fluoropolymer. AGCCE Chemicals Europe, Ltd. [2010-10-14]. (原始內容存檔於2010-08-24).
- ^ French, Roger H.; Rodriguez-Parada, J. M.; Yang, M. K.; et al. Optical properties of materials for concentrator photovoltaic systems (PDF). 2009: 000394 [2014-07-11]. ISBN 978-1-4244-2949-3. doi:10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411657. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-10-23).
|journal=
被忽略 (幫助) - ^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Manual for Sugar Solution Prism (PDF). A/S S. Frederiksen. 2005-08-03 [2012-03-21]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-03).
- ^ Patel, S; Marshall, J; Fitzke, FW 3rd. Refractive index of the human corneal epithelium and stroma. J Refract Surg. Mar–Apr 1995, 11 (2): 100–105. PMID 7634138.
- ^ Giannios, P; et, al. Visible to near-infrared refractive properties of freshly-excised human-liver tissues: marking hepatic malignancies. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6: 27910. Bibcode:2016NatSR...627910G. PMC 4906272
. PMID 27297034. doi:10.1038/srep27910.
- ^ Giannios, P; al, et. Complex refractive index of normal and malignant human colorectal tissue. J. Biophotonics. 2016, 10 (2): 303–310. PMID 27091794. doi:10.1002/jbio.201600001.
- ^ Wright, S.F., Zadrazil, I. & Markides, C.N. A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows. Experiments in Fluids. 2017, 58 (9): 108. Bibcode:2017ExFl...58..108W. doi:10.1007/s00348-017-2386-y.
- ^ 184 Silicone Elastomer (PDF) (Product Information). Dow Corning. [2012-12-11]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2018-11-24).
- ^ Gonçalves, Carla M. B.; Coutinho, Joa˜o A. P.; Marrucho, Isabel M. Optical Properties. Poly(Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, and Applications; Chapter 8: Optical Properties. 2010: 97. ISBN 9780470649848. doi:10.1002/9780470649848.ch8.
- ^ 利物浦大學. Absolute Refractive Index. Materials Teaching Educational Resources. MATTER Project. [2007-10-18]. (原始內容存檔於2007-10-12).
- ^ Index Of Refraction Of Vegetable Oil (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), The Physics Factbook.
- ^ "High temperature glass melt property database for process modeling"; Eds.: Thomas P. Seward III and Terese Vascott; The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 2005, ISBN 1-57498-225-7
- ^ C. R. Garcia, J. Correa, D. Espalin, J. H. Barton, R. C. Rumpf, R. Wicker, V. Gonzalez, "3D Printing of Anisotropic Metamaterials (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)," PIER Lett, Vol. 34, pp. 75-82, 2012.
- ^ Combat Boron Nitride (PDF). Saint Gobain. [2016-06-12]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2015-02-18).
- ^ French, Roger H.; Glass, S.; Ohuchi, F.; et al. Experimental and theoretical determination of the electronic structure and optical properties of three phases of {ZrO2} (PDF). Physical Review B. 1994, 49 (8): 5133 [2014-07-11]. Bibcode:1994PhRvB..49.5133F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.49.5133.
- ^ Silicon. Pmoptics.com. [2014-08-21]. (原始內容存檔於2020-07-31).
- ^ Germanium. Pmoptics.com. [2014-08-21]. (原始內容存檔於2020-03-13).
外部連結
[編輯]- International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Ioffe institute, Russian Federation (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Crystran, United Kingdom (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Jena University, Germany (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Hyperphysics list of refractive indices (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Luxpop: Index of refraction values and photonics calculations (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Kaye and Laby Online Provided by the 英國國家物理實驗室
- List of Refractive Indices of Solvents