折射率列表

作为物质的特征之一，不同的物质具有不同的折射率，且折射率与光的频率有关。标准折射率是指光波长为589纳米（即钠原子光谱中的双黄线）条件下测量得到的折射率。

折射率亦与温度、压强或应力、物质组成（例如杂质含量）等有较弱的关联。对于大多数物质来说，通常情况下这些因素导致的折射率变化在1%或更低的数量级。然而，若对精度有所要求，就有必要引用折射率的测量来源。

一般来说，折射率是复数，即包含实数和虚数部分，其中虚数部分表征物质对特定波长的光的吸收强度，因此虚数部分有时也被称为消光系数 $k$ 。折射率的虚数部分有时十分重要，例如可见光在金属中传播的情况中，在描述折射率时必须包含其虚数部分。

折射率列表

**一些典型物质的折射率**
物质	λ (nm)	n	来源
真空		1 （定义值）
标准状况下的空气		1.000277
0 °C，1 标准大气压下的气体
地球大气层	589.29	1.000293	^[1]
二氧化碳	589.29	1.001	^[2]^[3]^[4]
氦	589.29	1.000036	^[1]
氢	589.29	1.000132	^[1]
20 °C 的液体
溶于二碘甲烷的三硫化二砷和硫		1.9	^[5]
二硫化碳	589.29	1.628	^[1]
苯	589.29	1.501	^[1]
四氯化碳	589.29	1.461	^[1]
硅油（英语：Silicone oil） (nD²⁵)	589.29	1.393–1.403	^[6]
煤油		1.39
乙醇 (ethyl alcohol)	589.29	1.361	^[1]
丙酮		1.36
水	589.29	1.330	^[1]
10% 葡萄糖水溶液	589.29	1.3477	^[7]
20% 葡萄糖水溶液	589.29	1.3635	^[7]
60% 葡萄糖水溶液	589.29	1.4394	^[7]
室温下的固体
碳化硅（莫桑石）	589.29	2.65	^[8]
二氧化钛（金红石）	589.29	2.614	^[9]^[10]
钻石	589.29	2.417	^[1]
钛酸锶	589.29	2.41	^[11]
五氧化二钽	589.29	2.15	^[12]
琥珀	589.29	1.55	^[1]
氯化钠	589.29	1.544	^[13]
熔融石英	589.29	1.458	^[1]^[14]
其他物质
液氦		1.025
全氟己烷		1.251	^[15]
冰		1.31
无定型含氟树脂（Teflon AF）		1.315	^[16]^[17]
冰晶石		1.338
Cytop		1.34	^[18]
聚四氟乙烯		1.35–1.38	^[19]
25%食糖溶液		1.3723	^[20]
人角膜		1.373/1.380/1.401	^[21]
人晶状体		1.386–1.406
人肝脏	964	1.369	^[22]
人消化道	964	1.329-1.338	^[23]
乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物（氟塑膜）		1.403	^[24]
聚二甲基硅氧烷		1.4118	^[25]
50%食糖溶液		1.4200	^[20]
聚乳酸		1.46	^[26]
派热克斯玻璃		1.470	^[27]
植物油		1.47	^[28]
甘油		1.4729
75%食糖溶液		1.4774	^[20]
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯		1.4893–1.4899
石盐		1.516
玻璃片		1.52	^[29]
冕牌玻璃（纯净）		1.50–1.54
PETg		1.57
聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）		1.5750
聚碳酸酯	150	1.60	^[30]
冕牌玻璃（不纯净）		1.485–1.755
燧石玻璃（纯净）		1.60–1.62
溴		1.661
燧石玻璃（不纯净）		1.523–1.925
蓝宝石		1.762–1.778
氮化硼		2-2.14	^[31]
立方氧化锆		2.15–2.18	^[32]
铌酸钾 (KNbO₃)		2.28
氧化锌	390	2.4
朱砂 (硫化汞)		3.02
硅	1200 - 8500	3.42–3.48	^[33]
磷化镓		3.5
砷化镓		3.927
锗	3000 - 16000	4.05–4.01	^[34]

参见

Sellmeier等式
眼镜材料性质表（英语：Corrective lens#Ophthalmic material property tables）
水和冰的光学性质（英语：Optical properties of water and ice）

参考资料

^ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 Zajac, Alfred; Hecht, Eugene. Optics, Fourth Edit. Pearson Higher Education. 2003-03-18. ISBN 978-0-321-18878-6.
^ Morgan, Joseph. Introduction to Geometrical and Physical Optics. McGraw-Hill Book Company, INC. 1953.
^ Hodgman, Charles D. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. 1957.
^ Pedrotti, Frank L.; Pedrotti, Leno M.; Pedrotti, Leno S. Introduction to Optics, Third Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. 2007: 221. ISBN 978-0-13-149933-1.
^ Meyrowitz, R, A compilation and classification of immersion media of high index of refraction, American Mineralogist 40: 398 (1955) (PDF). [2019-10-22]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-16）.
^ Silicone Fluids: Stable and Inert Media (PDF). Gelest, Inc. 1998 [2019-10-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-27）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Lide, David R. Lide (编). CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry 82nd. Cleveland, OH: The Chemical Rubber Company. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8493-0482-8.
^ Silicon Carbide (SiC) - Optical properties. Ioffe Institute. [2009-06-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-31）.
^ Polyanskiy, Mikhail N. Optical constants of TiO₂ (Titanium dioxide). Refractive Index Database. [2019-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-03）.
^ Shannon, Robert D.; Shannon, Ruth C.; Medenbach, Olaf; Fischer, Reinhard X. Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides (PDF). J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 2002-10-25, 31 (4): 931–970 [2019-10-22]. Bibcode:2002JPCRD..31..931S. doi:10.1063/1.1497384. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-27）.
^ Frye, Asa; French, R. H.; Bonnell, D. A. Optical properties and electronic structure of oxidized and reduced single-crystal strontium titanate (PDF). Zeitschrift für Metallkunde. 2003, 94 (3): 226 [2014-07-11]. doi:10.3139/146.030226. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-05-07）.
^ Polyanskiy, Mikhail. Optical constants of Ta2O5 (Tantalum pentoxide). Refractive Index Database. 2018 [2019-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-25）.
^ Serway, Raymond A.; Faughn, Jerry S. College Physics, 6th Edition. Brooks/Cole. 2003: 692. ISBN 978-0-03-035114-3.
^ Tan, G; Lemon, M.; Jones, D.; French, R. Optical properties and London dispersion interaction of amorphous and crystalline {SiO2} determined by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry (PDF). Physical Review B. 2005, 72 (20): 205117 [2014-07-11]. Bibcode:2005PhRvB..72t5117T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.72.205117.
^ Fluorinert Electronic Liquid FC-72 Product Information (PDF). [2017-05-01]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-01）.
^ Teflon AF. [2010-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-26）.
^ Yang, Min K. Optical properties of Teflon® {AF} amorphous fluoropolymers (PDF). Journal of Micro/Nano Lithography. July 2008, 7 (3): 033010 [2014-07-11]. doi:10.1117/1.2965541.
^ CYTOP Amorphous Fluoropolymer. AGCCE Chemicals Europe, Ltd. [2010-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2010-08-24）.
^ French, Roger H.; Rodriguez-Parada, J. M.; Yang, M. K.; et al. Optical properties of materials for concentrator photovoltaic systems (PDF). 2009: 000394 [2014-07-11]. ISBN 978-1-4244-2949-3. doi:10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411657. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-23）. |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
^ ^20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 Manual for Sugar Solution Prism (PDF). A/S S. Frederiksen. 2005-08-03 [2012-03-21]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03）.
^ Patel, S; Marshall, J; Fitzke, FW 3rd. Refractive index of the human corneal epithelium and stroma. J Refract Surg. Mar–Apr 1995, 11 (2): 100–105. PMID 7634138.
^ Giannios, P; et, al. Visible to near-infrared refractive properties of freshly-excised human-liver tissues: marking hepatic malignancies. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6: 27910. Bibcode:2016NatSR...627910G. PMC 4906272 . PMID 27297034. doi:10.1038/srep27910.
^ Giannios, P; al, et. Complex refractive index of normal and malignant human colorectal tissue. J. Biophotonics. 2016, 10 (2): 303–310. PMID 27091794. doi:10.1002/jbio.201600001.
^ Wright, S.F., Zadrazil, I. & Markides, C.N. A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows. Experiments in Fluids. 2017, 58 (9): 108. Bibcode:2017ExFl...58..108W. doi:10.1007/s00348-017-2386-y.
^ 184 Silicone Elastomer (PDF) (Product Information). Dow Corning. [2012-12-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-11-24）.
^ Gonçalves, Carla M. B.; Coutinho, Joa˜o A. P.; Marrucho, Isabel M. Optical Properties. Poly(Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, and Applications; Chapter 8: Optical Properties. 2010: 97. ISBN 9780470649848. doi:10.1002/9780470649848.ch8.
^ 利物浦大学. Absolute Refractive Index. Materials Teaching Educational Resources. MATTER Project. [2007-10-18]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-12）.
^ Index Of Refraction Of Vegetable Oil （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Physics Factbook.
^ "High temperature glass melt property database for process modeling"; Eds.: Thomas P. Seward III and Terese Vascott; The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 2005, ISBN 1-57498-225-7
^ C. R. Garcia, J. Correa, D. Espalin, J. H. Barton, R. C. Rumpf, R. Wicker, V. Gonzalez, "3D Printing of Anisotropic Metamaterials （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）," PIER Lett, Vol. 34, pp. 75-82, 2012.
^ Combat Boron Nitride (PDF). Saint Gobain. [2016-06-12]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-02-18）.
^ French, Roger H.; Glass, S.; Ohuchi, F.; et al. Experimental and theoretical determination of the electronic structure and optical properties of three phases of {ZrO2} (PDF). Physical Review B. 1994, 49 (8): 5133 [2014-07-11]. Bibcode:1994PhRvB..49.5133F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.49.5133.
^ Silicon. Pmoptics.com. [2014-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-31）.
^ Germanium. Pmoptics.com. [2014-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-13）.

外部链接

International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Ioffe institute, Russian Federation （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Crystran, United Kingdom （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Jena University, Germany （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Hyperphysics list of refractive indices （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Luxpop: Index of refraction values and photonics calculations （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Kaye and Laby Online Provided by the 英国国家物理实验室
List of Refractive Indices of Solvents

[ref1-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 Zajac, Alfred; Hecht, Eugene. Optics, Fourth Edit. Pearson Higher Education. 2003-03-18. ISBN 978-0-321-18878-6.

[ref4-2] Morgan, Joseph. Introduction to Geometrical and Physical Optics. McGraw-Hill Book Company, INC. 1953.

[ref3-3] Hodgman, Charles D. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. 1957.

[ref5-4] Pedrotti, Frank L.; Pedrotti, Leno M.; Pedrotti, Leno S. Introduction to Optics, Third Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. 2007: 221. ISBN 978-0-13-149933-1.

[5] Meyrowitz, R, A compilation and classification of immersion media of high index of refraction, American Mineralogist 40: 398 (1955) (PDF). [2019-10-22]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-16）.

[6] Silicone Fluids: Stable and Inert Media (PDF). Gelest, Inc. 1998 [2019-10-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-27）.

[Lide-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Lide, David R. Lide (编). CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry 82nd. Cleveland, OH: The Chemical Rubber Company. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8493-0482-8.

[ioffe-8] Silicon Carbide (SiC) - Optical properties. Ioffe Institute. [2009-06-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-31）.

[9] Polyanskiy, Mikhail N. Optical constants of TiO₂ (Titanium dioxide). Refractive Index Database. [2019-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-03）.

[10] Shannon, Robert D.; Shannon, Ruth C.; Medenbach, Olaf; Fischer, Reinhard X. Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides (PDF). J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 2002-10-25, 31 (4): 931–970 [2019-10-22]. Bibcode:2002JPCRD..31..931S. doi:10.1063/1.1497384. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-27）.

[11] Frye, Asa; French, R. H.; Bonnell, D. A. Optical properties and electronic structure of oxidized and reduced single-crystal strontium titanate (PDF). Zeitschrift für Metallkunde. 2003, 94 (3): 226 [2014-07-11]. doi:10.3139/146.030226. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-05-07）.

[12] Polyanskiy, Mikhail. Optical constants of Ta2O5 (Tantalum pentoxide). Refractive Index Database. 2018 [2019-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-25）.

[ref8-13] Serway, Raymond A.; Faughn, Jerry S. College Physics, 6th Edition. Brooks/Cole. 2003: 692. ISBN 978-0-03-035114-3.

[14] Tan, G; Lemon, M.; Jones, D.; French, R. Optical properties and London dispersion interaction of amorphous and crystalline {SiO2} determined by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry (PDF). Physical Review B. 2005, 72 (20): 205117 [2014-07-11]. Bibcode:2005PhRvB..72t5117T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.72.205117.

[15] Fluorinert Electronic Liquid FC-72 Product Information (PDF). [2017-05-01]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-01）.

[Teflon_AF-16] Teflon AF. [2010-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-26）.

[17] Yang, Min K. Optical properties of Teflon® {AF} amorphous fluoropolymers (PDF). Journal of Micro/Nano Lithography. July 2008, 7 (3): 033010 [2014-07-11]. doi:10.1117/1.2965541.

[Cytop-18] CYTOP Amorphous Fluoropolymer. AGCCE Chemicals Europe, Ltd. [2010-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2010-08-24）.

[19] French, Roger H.; Rodriguez-Parada, J. M.; Yang, M. K.; et al. Optical properties of materials for concentrator photovoltaic systems (PDF). 2009: 000394 [2014-07-11]. ISBN 978-1-4244-2949-3. doi:10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411657. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-23）. |journal=被忽略 (帮助)

[refSugar-20] 20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 Manual for Sugar Solution Prism (PDF). A/S S. Frederiksen. 2005-08-03 [2012-03-21]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03）.

[21] Patel, S; Marshall, J; Fitzke, FW 3rd. Refractive index of the human corneal epithelium and stroma. J Refract Surg. Mar–Apr 1995, 11 (2): 100–105. PMID 7634138.

[22] Giannios, P; et, al. Visible to near-infrared refractive properties of freshly-excised human-liver tissues: marking hepatic malignancies. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6: 27910. Bibcode:2016NatSR...627910G. PMC 4906272 . PMID 27297034. doi:10.1038/srep27910.

[23] Giannios, P; al, et. Complex refractive index of normal and malignant human colorectal tissue. J. Biophotonics. 2016, 10 (2): 303–310. PMID 27091794. doi:10.1002/jbio.201600001.

[24] Wright, S.F., Zadrazil, I. & Markides, C.N. A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows. Experiments in Fluids. 2017, 58 (9): 108. Bibcode:2017ExFl...58..108W. doi:10.1007/s00348-017-2386-y.

[Sylgard184-25] 184 Silicone Elastomer (PDF) (Product Information). Dow Corning. [2012-12-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-11-24）.

[PLA_Optical-26] Gonçalves, Carla M. B.; Coutinho, Joa˜o A. P.; Marrucho, Isabel M. Optical Properties. Poly(Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, and Applications; Chapter 8: Optical Properties. 2010: 97. ISBN 9780470649848. doi:10.1002/9780470649848.ch8.

[ref2-27] 利物浦大学. Absolute Refractive Index. Materials Teaching Educational Resources. MATTER Project. [2007-10-18]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-12）.

[28] Index Of Refraction Of Vegetable Oil （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Physics Factbook.

[seward-29] "High temperature glass melt property database for process modeling"; Eds.: Thomas P. Seward III and Terese Vascott; The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 2005, ISBN 1-57498-225-7

[30] C. R. Garcia, J. Correa, D. Espalin, J. H. Barton, R. C. Rumpf, R. Wicker, V. Gonzalez, "3D Printing of Anisotropic Metamaterials （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）," PIER Lett, Vol. 34, pp. 75-82, 2012.

[31] Combat Boron Nitride (PDF). Saint Gobain. [2016-06-12]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-02-18）.

[32] French, Roger H.; Glass, S.; Ohuchi, F.; et al. Experimental and theoretical determination of the electronic structure and optical properties of three phases of {ZrO2} (PDF). Physical Review B. 1994, 49 (8): 5133 [2014-07-11]. Bibcode:1994PhRvB..49.5133F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.49.5133.

[33] Silicon. Pmoptics.com. [2014-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-31）.

[34] Germanium. Pmoptics.com. [2014-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-13）.

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