薑科

薑科
	艷山薑
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	單子葉植物 Monocots
演化支：	鴨跖草類植物 Commelinids
目：	薑目 Zingiberales
科：	薑科 Zingiberaceae; Martynov, 1820
模式屬
	薑屬; Zingiber; Mill., 1754

薑科（學名：Zingiberaceae）是單子葉植物薑目的一科。本科約有47屬，700種，主要分佈在熱帶地區。中國有17屬約120種，主要分佈在南方各地。臺灣產6屬26種。薑科是多年生草本，通常具有芳香，莖短，有匍匐的或塊狀的根莖，葉基部具有葉鞘；花兩性，兩側對稱，花瓣3，下部合生成管；果實為蒴果，種子常具有假種皮。本科植物很多種類是重要的調味料和藥用植物。本科重要的成員有薑，砂仁、益智仁、薑黃、鬱金、蘘荷、大荳蔻、小荳蔻、草荳蔻、紅荳蔻、山奈、月桃…等。

下級分類[編輯]

本科包括以下屬：

非洲豆蔻屬 Aframomum
山薑屬 Alpinia ，月桃屬。
豆蔻屬 Amomum
合絲薑屬 Aulotandra Gagnep., 1902
凹唇薑屬 Boesenbergia
薄苞薑屬 Borneocola Y. Y. Sam, 2016
Burbigdea Hook.f., 1879
管苞薑屬 Camptandra
Caulokaempferia
異名：大苞薑屬 Monolophus Wall. ex Endl., 1837
- Caulokaempferia amplexicaulis Suksathan
- Caulokaempferia appendiculata K.Larsen & Triboun
- Caulokaempferia arunachalensis (Bhaumik, S.Dey & Langhu) Sushil K.Singh
- Caulokaempferia bolavenensis Picheans. & Koonterm
- Caulokaempferia bracteata K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen
- Caulokaempferia buengkanensis Picheans., Phokham & Wongsuwan
- Caulokaempferia chayaniana Tiyaw.
- Caulokaempferia coenobialis (Hance) K.Larsen
- Caulokaempferia jirawongsei Picheans. & Mokkamul
- Caulokaempferia kayinensis Picheans. & Sangnark^[1]
- Caulokaempferia khaomaenensis Picheans. & Mokkamul
- Caulokaempferia kuapii K.Larsen
- Caulokaempferia larsenii Suksathan & Triboun
- Caulokaempferia limiana Mokkamul & Picheans.
- Caulokaempferia linearis (Wall.) K.Larsen
- Caulokaempferia monensis Picheans. & Sangnark
- Caulokaempferia pedemontana Triboun & K.Larsen
- Caulokaempferia petelotii K.Larsen
- Caulokaempferia phokhamii Picheans. & Douangde.
- Caulokaempferia phulangkaensis Picheans.
- Caulokaempferia phuluangensis Picheans. & Mokkamul
- Caulokaempferia phutokensis Picheans.
- Caulokaempferia phuwoaensis Picheans. & Koonterm
- Caulokaempferia picheansoonthonii Phokham & Prasarn
- Caulokaempferia pubescens Picheans. & Phokham
- Caulokaempferia saksuwaniae K.Larsen
- Caulokaempferia satunensis Picheans.
- Caulokaempferia saxicola K.Larsen
- Caulokaempferia secunda (Wall.) K.Larsen
- Caulokaempferia sikkimensis (King ex Baker) K.Larsen
- Caulokaempferia sirirugsae Ngamr.
- Caulokaempferia suksathanii (S.Dey, Langhu & Bhaumik) Sushil K.Singh
- Caulokaempferia tamdaoensis Picheans. & Inthar.
- Caulokaempferia wongsuwaniae Picheans. & Douangde.
距藥薑屬 Cautleya
薑黃屬 Curcuma ，鬱金屬（日文郁金），130多種。
擬薑黃屬 Curcumorpha
折花薑屬 Cyphostigma
小豆蔻屬 Elettaria
- 小豆蔻 Elettaria caramomum
地豆蔻屬 Elettariopsis
Baker, 1892
- Elettariopsis biphylla S.Saensouk & P.Saensouk^[2]
- 彎斗松擬荳蔻 Elettariopsis wandokthong Picheans. & Yupparach^[3]
茴香砂仁屬 Etlingera
玉鳳薑屬 Gagnepainia
齒絲薑屬 Geocharis
舞花薑屬 Globba
堇花薑屬 Haniffia Holttum, 1950
獨秀薑屬 Haplochorema
薑花屬 Hedychium
，蝴蝶薑屬。
- 野薑花 Hedychium coronarium
蘭花薑屬 Hemiorchis
隱薑花屬 Hitchenia
大豆蔻屬 Hornstedtia
山柰屬 Kaempferia
，孔雀薑屬。
- 山柰 Kaempferia galanga
細管薑屬 Leptosolena
螳螂薑屬 Mantisia
微唇薑屬 Nanochilus
火炬薑屬 Nicolaia Horan., 1862
離瓣距藥薑屬 Paracautleya
腎藥薑屬 Parakaempferia
偏穗薑屬 Plagiostachys
垂序薑屬 Pleuranthodium
直唇薑屬 Pommereschea
艷苞薑屬 Renealmia
- Ethanium jamaicensis Kuntze, 1891
- Ethanium thyrsoideum (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze, 1891
- Renealmia acreana Maas
- Renealmia africana Benth.
- Renealmia alborosea K.Schum.
- Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas
- Renealmia alticola Maas
- Renealmia aromatica (Aubl.) Griseb.
- Renealmia asplundii Maas
- Renealmia aurantiifera Maas
- Renealmia batangana K.Schum.
- Renealmia battenbergiana Cummins ex Baker
- Renealmia brachythyrsa Loes.
- Renealmia bracteata De Wild. & T.Durand
- Renealmia breviscapa (Poepp. & Endl.) Poepp. & Endl.
- Renealmia cabrae De Wild. & T.Durand
- Renealmia cardamomum-medium Sweet, 1830
- Renealmia caucana Maas
- Renealmia cernua (Sw. ex Roem. & Schult.) J.F.Macbr.
- Renealmia chalcochlora K.Schum.
- Renealmia chariensis A.Chev.
- Renealmia chiriquina Standl.
- Renealmia choroniensis Maas
- Renealmia chrysotricha Petersen
- Renealmia cincinnata (K.Schum.) T.Durand & Schinz
- Renealmia cincinnata Baker
- Renealmia circinata T.Durand & Schinz, 1894
- Renealmia concinna Standl.
- Renealmia concolor D.Dietr.
- Renealmia congesta Maas
- Renealmia congoensis Gagnep.
- Renealmia congolana De Wild. & T.Durand
- Renealmia costaricensis Standl.
- Renealmia cuatrecasasii Maas
- Renealmia cylindrica Maas & H.Maas
- Renealmia densiflora Urb.
- Renealmia densispica Koechlin
- Renealmia dermatopetala K.Schum.
- Renealmia dewevrei De Wild. & T.Durand
- Renealmia dewevrei De Wild. & T.Durand ex Gagnep., 1905
- Renealmia dolichocalyx Maas
- Renealmia dressleri Maas
- Renealmia elianae Ospina & Pozner
- Renealmia engleri K.Schum.
- Renealmia erythrocarpa Standl.
- Renealmia exaltata Blanco, 1845
- Renealmia ferruginea Maas
- Renealmia floribunda K.Schum.
- Renealmia foliifera Standl.
- Renealmia fragilis Maas
- Renealmia gracillima Loes.
- Renealmia guianensis Maas
- Renealmia guianensis Petersen, 1890
- Renealmia helenae Maas
- Renealmia heleniae Maas
- Renealmia jamaicensis (Gaertn.) Horan.
- Renealmia krukovii Maas
- Renealmia laxa K.Schum.
- Renealmia ligulata Maas
- Renealmia longifolia K.Schum.
- Renealmia lucida Maas
- Renealmia macrocolea K.Schum.
- Renealmia macroloba K.Schum.
- Renealmia maculata Stapf
- Renealmia mannii Hook.f.
- Renealmia matogrossensis Maas
- Renealmia mexicana Klotzsch ex Petersen
- Renealmia microcalyx Maas & H.Maas
- Renealmia monosperma Miq.
- Renealmia multiplicata Maas
- Renealmia nicolaioides Loes.
- Renealmia oligosperma K.Schum.
- Renealmia oligotricha Maas
- Renealmia orinocensis Rusby
- Renealmia pacifica (Maas) Maas & H.Maas
- Renealmia paco-secora Horan.
- Renealmia pallida Maas
- Renealmia pauciflora Griseb., 1866
- Renealmia pirrensis Maas & H.Maas
- Renealmia pluriplicata Maas
- Renealmia polyantha K.Schum.
- Renealmia polypus Gagnep.
- Renealmia puberula Steyerm.
- Renealmia pulverulentus C.Presl
- Renealmia punicea Sweet, 1830
- Renealmia purpurea Maas & H.Maas
- Renealmia pycnostachys K.Schum.
- Renealmia pyramidalis (Lam.) Maas
- Renealmia racemosa Poepp. & Endl.
- Renealmia sancti-thomae I.M.Turner
- Renealmia scaposa Maas
- Renealmia sessilifolia Gagnep.
- Renealmia spec (Linnaeus, 1753) A.Rich.
- Renealmia stellulata Steyerm.
- Renealmia stenostachys K.Schum.
- Renealmia striata (Stokes) Govaerts ex Maas
- Renealmia susannae-katziae Eb.Fisch., Killmann & Dhetchuvi, 2023
- Renealmia thyrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl.
- Renealmia timmiorum Eb.Fisch., Killmann & Dhetchuvi, 2023
- Renealmia urbaniana Loes.
- Renealmia urunovii Maas
- Renealmia vallensis Maas
- Renealmia variegata Maas & H.Maas
- Renealmia wurdackii Maas
喙花薑屬 Rhynchanthus
蠍尾薑屬 Riedelia
象牙參屬 Roscoea
紋山柰屬 Scaphochlamys
長果薑屬 Siliquamomum
管唇薑屬 Siphonochilus
圍絲薑屬 Stadiochilus
土田七屬 Stahlianthus
須葉薑屬 Vanoverberghia
薑屬 Zingiber
- 薑 Zingiber officinale
- 蘘荷 Zingiber mioga
- 球薑 Zingiber zerumbeta

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Supatthra Sangnark, Sittichoke Prasarn, Boonmee Phokham, Pornpimon Wongsuwan and Chayan Picheansoonthon. 2016. The Genus Caulokaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Myanmar Part 1: Two New Species from South Myanmar. J. Jpn. Bot. 91: 133–140.
^ S. Saensouk and P. Saensouk. 2014. Elettariopsis biphylla, A New Species of Zingiberaceae from Thailand. Phytotaxa. 159(1): 023–025. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.159.1.4
^ Chayan Picheansoonthon and Piyapong Yupparach. 2010. Further Study on the Elettariopsis Baker (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand－A New Species and A New Record. Taiwania. 55(4); 335-341.

外部連結[編輯]

薑科Zingiberaceae （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）藥用植物圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) （中文）（英文）

[1] Supatthra Sangnark, Sittichoke Prasarn, Boonmee Phokham, Pornpimon Wongsuwan and Chayan Picheansoonthon. 2016. The Genus Caulokaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Myanmar Part 1: Two New Species from South Myanmar. J. Jpn. Bot. 91: 133–140.

[2] S. Saensouk and P. Saensouk. 2014. Elettariopsis biphylla, A New Species of Zingiberaceae from Thailand. Phytotaxa. 159(1): 023–025. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.159.1.4

[3] Chayan Picheansoonthon and Piyapong Yupparach. 2010. Further Study on the Elettariopsis Baker (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand－A New Species and A New Record. Taiwania. 55(4); 335-341.

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