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莱氏绿僵菌

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莱氏绿僵菌
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲: 粪壳菌纲 Sordariomycetes
目: 肉座菌目 Hypocreales
科: 麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae
属: 黑僵菌属 Metarhizium
种:
莱氏绿僵菌 M. rileyi
二名法
Metarhizium rileyi
(Farl.) Kepler, Rehner & Humber (2014)
异名

Nomuraea rileyi (Farl.) Samson (1974)[1]
Beauveria rileyi (Farl.) Gösswald 1939[2]
Spicaria rileyi (Farl.) Charles 1936[3]
Spicaria prasina (Maubl.) Sawada 1919[4]
Nomuraea prasina Maubl. 1903[5]
Botrytis rileyi Farl. 1883[4]

莱氏绿僵菌学名Metarhizium rileyi),又名莱氏野村菌莱氏野村霉,有时简称绿僵菌,是黑僵菌属的一种虫生真菌英语entomopathogenic fungus,可感染玉米穗虫英语Heliothis zea番茄夜蛾英语Helicoverpa armigera甜菜斜纹夜蛾英语Spodoptera exigua草地贪夜蛾(秋行军虫)等超过60种鳞翅目昆虫的幼虫,而有用作生物农药以抑制数种农业害虫生长的潜力[6]。本种过去属于野村霉属英语NomuraeaNomuraea),2014年,一篇分子种系发生学研究结果显示野村霉属为复系群,并将本种该归入黑僵菌属[7][8]

感染过程

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莱氏绿僵菌感染昆虫的过程可分为数个阶段,其分生孢子疏水性,可结合于同为疏水性的昆虫体表,孢子表面的多种水解酵素可分解昆虫的表皮,并于环境适宜时萌发成菌丝,穿透昆虫表皮而进入其体内。当菌丝长至昆虫的血淋巴时,会形成许多芽孢体(hyphal bodies, hb),芽孢体可脱离菌丝,如酵母菌般在血淋巴中自由复制、生长,其细胞表面的病原相关分子模式不被昆虫的吞噬细胞视为外来者,因此不会受到攻击。当芽孢体的密度达到一阈值时,会透过群体感应使其会转换回菌丝顶端生长(apical growth)的生长模式[9],形成菌丝体,同时可分泌多种酵素,在数小时内快速杀死宿主并分解其组织[10][11]

生物农药

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莱氏绿僵菌可作为生物农药,用以控制多种鳞翅目的农业害虫。以莱氏绿僵菌控制草地贪夜蛾(秋行军虫)虫害的生物农药正在研制开发中[12]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.. Species 2000: Reading, UK. 2011 [22 July 2018]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-23). 
  2. ^ Gösswald (1939) , In: Arb. biol. BundAnst. Land-u. Forstw. 22:434
  3. ^ Charles (1936) , In: Mycologia 28:398
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 CABI databases. [24 January 2013]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-22). 
  5. ^ Maubl. (1903) , In: Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 19:296
  6. ^ Fronza, Edegar; Specht, Alexandre; Heinzen, Horacio; de Barros, Neiva Monteiro. Metarhizium (Nomuraea) rileyi as biological control agent. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 2017, 27 (11): 1243–1264. ISSN 0958-3157. doi:10.1080/09583157.2017.1391175. 
  7. ^ Ryan M. Kepler, Richard A. Humber, Joseph F. Bischoff & Stephen A. Rehner. Clarification of generic and species boundaries for Metarhizium and related fungi through multigene phylogenetics. Mycologia: 811-829. doi:10.3852/13-319. 
  8. ^ Metarhizium rileyi. MycoBank. [2019-06-12]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-29). 
  9. ^ Ann E. Hajek; David I. Shapiro-Ilan. Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases. Wiley. 27 October 2017: 632. ISBN 978-1-119-25601-4. 
  10. ^ Boucias, D.; Liu, S.; Meagher, R.; Baniszewski, J. Fungal dimorphism in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi: Detection of an in vivo quorum-sensing system. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology英语Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2016, 136: 100–108. ISSN 0022-2011. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2016.03.013. 
  11. ^ Liu, Shouzhu; Xu, Zhimin; Wang, Xueying; Zhao, Lvquan; Wang, Guiqing; Li, Xuewen; Zhang, Leilei. Pathogenicity and in vivo Development of Metarhizium rileyi Against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae. Journal of Economic Entomology英语Journal of Economic Entomology. 2019. ISSN 0022-0493. doi:10.1093/jee/toz098. 
  12. ^ Grijalba, Erika Paola; Espinel, Carlos; Cuartas, Paola Emilia; Chaparro, Martha Liliana; Villamizar, Laura Fernanda. Metarhizium rileyi biopesticide to control Spodoptera frugiperda: Stability and insecticidal activity under glasshouse conditions. Fungal Biology. 2018, 122 (11): 1069–1076. ISSN 1878-6146. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2018.08.010.