一氧化釷

一氧化釷
	IUPAC名; Thorium monoxide; Thorium(II) oxide
識別
CAS號	12035-93-7
SMILES	[Th]=O;
性質
化學式	ThO
莫耳質量	248.04 g·mol−1 g·mol⁻¹
外觀	黑色固體
結構
晶體結構	面心立方晶系
晶格常數	a = 4.31 Å
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

一氧化釷 （又稱氧化釷(II) ），是一種釷的二元氧化物，化學式 ThO。這個二元化合物的共價鍵的極性很大。已經計算出兩個原子之間的有效電場為每厘米約80吉伏，這是已知的最大內部有效電場之一。^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

空氣中釷的簡單燃燒會產生二氧化釷。但是，在氧氣存在下雷射燒蝕（英語：Laser ablation）會生成一氧化釷。^[6] 另外，在中等溫度下將釷薄膜暴露於低壓氧氣會在更穩定的二氧化釷塗層下形成快速生長的一氧化釷層。^[7]

在極度高溫（1,850 K（1,580 °C；2,870 °F））的情況下，二氧化釷可以和液態釷發生歸中反應，生成一氧化釷；甚至二氧化釷會在超過 2,500 K（2,230 °C；4,040 °F）的情況下直接分解，生成一氧化釷和氧氣。^[8]

{\ce {ThO2 + Th(l) <=> 2 ThO(s)}}

{\ce {ThO2 -> ThO(s) + 1/2 O2}}

參考資料

^ Stoll, Wolfgang. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2011. ISBN 978-3527306732. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_001. |chapter=被忽略 (幫助)
^ Skripnikov, L. V. Combined 4-component and relativistic pseudopotential study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2016-12-07, 145 (21): 214301. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799403. arXiv:1610.00994 . doi:10.1063/1.4968229 （英語）.
^ Denis, Malika; Fleig, Timo. In search of discrete symmetry violations beyond the standard model: Thorium monoxide reloaded. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2016-12-07, 145 (21): 214307. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799357. doi:10.1063/1.4968597 （英語）.
^ Skripnikov, L. V.; Petrov, A. N.; Titov, A. V. Communication: Theoretical study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2013-12-14, 139 (22): 221103. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 24329049. arXiv:1308.0414 . doi:10.1063/1.4843955 （英語）.
^ The ACME EDM Experiment. electronedm.org. [2018-08-16]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-21）.
^ Dewberry, Christopher T.; Etchison, Kerry C.; Cooke, Stephen A. The pure rotational spectrum of the actinide-containing compound thorium monoxide. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2007, 9 (35): 4895–4897. Bibcode:2007PCCP....9.4895D. PMID 17912418. doi:10.1039/B709343H.
^ He, Heming; Majewski, Jaroslaw; Allred, David D.; Wang, Peng; Wen, Xiaodong; Rector, Kirk D. Formation of solid thorium monoxide at near-ambient conditions as observed by neutron reflectometry and interpreted by screened hybrid functional calculations. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2017, 487: 288–296. Bibcode:2017JNuM..487..288H. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.12.046 .
^ Hoch, Michael; Johnston, Herrick L. The Reaction Occurring on Thoriated Cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76 (19): 4833–4835. doi:10.1021/ja01648a018.

[1] Stoll, Wolfgang. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2011. ISBN 978-3527306732. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_001. |chapter=被忽略 (幫助)

[2] Skripnikov, L. V. Combined 4-component and relativistic pseudopotential study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2016-12-07, 145 (21): 214301. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799403. arXiv:1610.00994 . doi:10.1063/1.4968229 （英語）.

[3] Denis, Malika; Fleig, Timo. In search of discrete symmetry violations beyond the standard model: Thorium monoxide reloaded. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2016-12-07, 145 (21): 214307. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799357. doi:10.1063/1.4968597 （英語）.

[4] Skripnikov, L. V.; Petrov, A. N.; Titov, A. V. Communication: Theoretical study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2013-12-14, 139 (22): 221103. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 24329049. arXiv:1308.0414 . doi:10.1063/1.4843955 （英語）.

[5] The ACME EDM Experiment. electronedm.org. [2018-08-16]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-21）.

[6] Dewberry, Christopher T.; Etchison, Kerry C.; Cooke, Stephen A. The pure rotational spectrum of the actinide-containing compound thorium monoxide. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2007, 9 (35): 4895–4897. Bibcode:2007PCCP....9.4895D. PMID 17912418. doi:10.1039/B709343H.

[7] He, Heming; Majewski, Jaroslaw; Allred, David D.; Wang, Peng; Wen, Xiaodong; Rector, Kirk D. Formation of solid thorium monoxide at near-ambient conditions as observed by neutron reflectometry and interpreted by screened hybrid functional calculations. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2017, 487: 288–296. Bibcode:2017JNuM..487..288H. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.12.046 .

[Hoch1954-8] Hoch, Michael; Johnston, Herrick L. The Reaction Occurring on Thoriated Cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76 (19): 4833–4835. doi:10.1021/ja01648a018.

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