頂夸克:修订间差异

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|weak_hypercharge= {{frac|1|3}} (left handed)<br/> {{frac|4|3}} (right handed)
|weak_hypercharge= {{frac|1|3}} (left handed)<br/> {{frac|4|3}} (right handed)
}}
}}
'''顶夸克'''是目前发现最重的[[夸克]]<ref name="PDG2009">
'''顶夸克'''是目前最重的[[夸克]],在[[1994年]]发现,相信是最后一种,它的发现令科学家得出有关夸克子的完整图像。,有助研究在宇宙大爆炸之初少于一秒之内宇宙如何演化,因为大爆炸最初产生的高热,会产生顶夸粒子。
{{cite web

|author=C. Amsler ''et al.'' ([[Particle Data Group]])
|url=http://pdglive.lbl.gov/Rsummary.brl?nodein=Q007
|title=PDGLive Particle Summary
|publisher=[[Particle Data Group]]
|year=2009
|accessdate=2009-07-23
}}</ref>,和其他夸克一样,顶夸克属于[[费米子]],具有{{frac|1|2}}的[[自旋]],带有+{{frac|2|3}}电荷<ref name="Willenbrock">
{{cite book
|author=S. Willenbrock
|year=2003
|chapter=The Standard Model and the Top Quark
|editor=H.B Prosper and B. Danilov (eds.)
|title=Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics XII
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HXm6M_YUzoYC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=quark+%22standard+model%22&source=web&ots=sLXA9M6IBk&sig=Z6IEyScnONBbJKb0cOETBz9kzlI&hl=en#PPA1,M1
|series=NATO Science Series
|volume=123 |page=1–41
|publisher=[[Kluwer Academic]]
|isbn=1402015909
}}</ref>
顶夸克的质量几乎和铅原子相同,顶夸克通过弱力衰变为[[W_及_Z_玻色子|W玻色子]]和[[底夸克]],有时也会衰变为[[奇夸克]]。顶夸克可以衰变为下夸克,但这种情况非常罕见。<ref name=Quadt>
{{cite journal
|author=A. Quadt
|year=2006
|title=Top quark physics at hadron colliders
|journal=[[European Physical Journal C]]
|volume=48 |pages=835–1000
|doi=10.1140/epjc/s2006-02631-6
}}</ref>
==历史==
1979年, [[小林诚 (物理学家)|小林诚]]和[[益川敏英]]根据[[K介子]]衰变中[[CP破坏]]的现象,预言有第三类夸克存在。<ref>
{{cite journal
|author=M. Kobayashi, T. Maskawa
|year=1973
|title=''CP''-Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction
|journal=[[Progress of Theoretical Physics]]
|volume=49 |pages=652
|doi=10.1143/PTP.49.652
}}</ref> and was discovered in 1995 by the [[Collider Detector at Fermilab|CDF]]<ref name=CDF-1995>
{{cite journal
|author=F. Abe ''et al''. ([[CDF Collaboration]])
|year=1995
|title=Observation of Top Quark Production in {{SubatomicParticle|Antiproton}}{{SubatomicParticle|Proton}} Collisions with the Collider Detector at Fermilab
|journal=[[Physical Review Letters]]
|volume=74 |pages=2626–2631
|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2626
}}</ref> and [[D0 experiment|DØ]]<ref name=D0-1995>
{{cite journal
|author=S. Abachi ''et al''. ([[DØ Collaboration]])
|year=1995
|title=Search for High Mass Top Quark Production in {{SubatomicParticle|Proton}}{{SubatomicParticle|Antiproton}} Collisions at {{radical|''s''}}&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.8&nbsp;TeV
|journal=[[Physical Review Letters]]
|volume=74 |pages=2422–2426
|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2422
}}</ref> experiments at [[Fermilab]]. Kobayashi and Maskawa won the [[List of Nobel laureates in Physics|2008 Nobel Prize in Physics]] for the prediction of the top and bottom quark, which together form the third [[generation (physics)|generation]] of quarks.<ref>
{{cite web
|year=2008
|title=2008 Nobel Prize in Physics
|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2008/index.html
|publisher=[[The Nobel Foundation]]
|accessdate=2009-09-11
}}</ref>
新的假想粒子被定名为顶和底。
{{Particles}}
{{Particles}}



==注释==
{{reflist}}
{{物理学小作品}}
{{物理学小作品}}



2010年1月15日 (五) 02:36的版本

顶夸克
组成基本粒子
费米子
第三代
基本相互作用, , 電磁力, 万有引力
符号t
反粒子反顶夸克(t)
理论小林诚益川敏英 (1973)
发现CDF collaborations (1995)
质量171400 ± 2100 MeV/c2
衰变粒子底跨克 (99.8%)
奇夸克 (0.17%)
下夸克 (0.007%)
電荷+23 e
色荷
自旋12
顶数1
弱同位旋12 (left handed)
0 (right handed)
弱超荷13 (left handed)
43 (right handed)

顶夸克是目前发现最重的夸克[1],和其他夸克一样,顶夸克属于费米子,具有12自旋,带有+23电荷[2] 顶夸克的质量几乎和铅原子相同,顶夸克通过弱力衰变为W玻色子底夸克,有时也会衰变为奇夸克。顶夸克可以衰变为下夸克,但这种情况非常罕见。[3]

历史

1979年, 小林诚益川敏英根据K介子衰变中CP破坏的现象,预言有第三类夸克存在。[4] and was discovered in 1995 by the CDF[5] and [6] experiments at Fermilab. Kobayashi and Maskawa won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics for the prediction of the top and bottom quark, which together form the third generation of quarks.[7] 新的假想粒子被定名为顶和底。


注释

  1. ^ C. Amsler et al. (Particle Data Group). PDGLive Particle Summary. Particle Data Group. 2009 [2009-07-23]. 
  2. ^ S. Willenbrock. The Standard Model and the Top Quark. H.B Prosper and B. Danilov (eds.) (编). Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics XII. NATO Science Series 123. Kluwer Academic. 2003: 1–41. ISBN 1402015909. 
  3. ^ A. Quadt. Top quark physics at hadron colliders. European Physical Journal C. 2006, 48: 835–1000. doi:10.1140/epjc/s2006-02631-6. 
  4. ^ M. Kobayashi, T. Maskawa. CP-Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction. Progress of Theoretical Physics. 1973, 49: 652. doi:10.1143/PTP.49.652. 
  5. ^ F. Abe et al. (CDF Collaboration). Observation of Top Quark Production in
    p

    p
    Collisions with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Physical Review Letters. 1995, 74: 2626–2631. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2626.
     
  6. ^ S. Abachi et al. (DØ Collaboration). Search for High Mass Top Quark Production in
    p

    p
    Collisions at s = 1.8 TeV. Physical Review Letters. 1995, 74: 2422–2426. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2422.
     
  7. ^ 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics. The Nobel Foundation. 2008 [2009-09-11].