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立陶宛市镇

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维基百科，自由的百科全书
Map of the European Union with Lithuania highlighted in green
立陶宛在欧洲联盟中的位置。
立陶宛
Coat of arms of Lithuania
立陶宛政府与政治
系列条目
宪法
行政（英语：Government of Lithuania）
立法
司法
选举（英语：Elections in Lithuania）
行政区划（英语：Administrative divisions of Lithuania）
外交

立陶宛的行政区划（英语：administrative division of Lithuania）可分为三级。“县”（apskritis）是该国的第一级行政区划，共有10个。县下面又可以分为60个“市镇”（savivaldybės）。这60个市镇又可分为500多个“长老区”（seniūnija）。

立陶宛在脱离苏联时，共有44区12市[1]，政区重划成为新政府的首要任务之一[2]。1992年通过的《立陶宛宪法》赋予国会政区重划的权力。立陶宛国会遂颁布了两道基本法令：1993年的法令规范政府代表，1994年的法令规定领土行政单位及其政区边界[2]。1995年在县份下又设置“市镇”的编制，沿用迄今[2]。2000年又做出些许调整，形成现在60市镇的状态[3]。

市镇为立陶宛行政区划中唯一的自治团体，具有自己的议会[4]。一般市议员四年一任，由比例代表制选举产生[5]。市长最初是由市议员选举产生[6]，2015年3月1日起改由市民直选简单多数决产生，任期亦为四年[4][5]。

维尔纽斯市是立陶宛人口最多的市镇，约占该国五分之一的人口（18.6%）。人口最少的市镇是内林加，人口不到3,000人。陆地面积最大的市镇是瓦雷纳区，面积达2,216 km2。面积最小的市镇则为阿利图斯市。

市镇类型

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立陶宛的60个市镇分为三种类型：

  • 43个地区型市镇（立陶宛语：rajono savivaldybė）。这些市镇大致跟苏联时期的区相对应。在1994年之前它们作为区存在，且现在还通称它们为区。名词“市镇”添加在区之后是为了消除苏联遗留下来的影响（在苏联各地都设有“区”）。
  • 7个城市型市镇（立陶宛语：miesto savivaldybė）。这些市镇位于主要或重要城市周围。在日常用语中它们简称为市或市镇（因为在立陶宛语中“市镇”与城市和城市权更相关联）。
  • 10个市镇（立陶宛语：savivaldybė）。这些市镇成立于1994年之后，在它们的名称中没有“地区”（rajono）的字样。

职力及功能

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欧洲联盟（EU）及北约组织（NATO）等国际组织的参与，是影响立陶宛市镇职权的最大外部因素。市镇须提供欧盟委员会一些必要的资讯。而在北约的参与上，市镇也提供防御的职能[7]。

A map divided into ten sections all filled in with a different colour and further subdivided into subsections

1 – 维尔纽斯市
2 – 考纳斯市
3 – 克莱佩达市

4 – 帕内韦日斯市
5 – 希奥利艾市
6 – 阿利图斯市

7 – 比尔什托纳斯
8 – 帕兰加市
9 – 维萨吉纳斯
10 – 内林加

市镇列表

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市镇 原文名称 所属县份 行政中心[8] 面积（平方公里）[9] 人口（2015年）[9] 人口密度（2015年）[9]
A coat of arms depicting orange tools on a white background on the top and an orange sun on a dark green background on the bottom
阿克梅内区 		Akmenės rajono savivaldybė 希奥利艾县 新阿克梅内 844 km2 21,332 25.3
A coat of arms depicting a white flower in the middle that has a yellow stamen and green leaves all on a red background
阿利图斯市 		Alytaus miesto savivaldybė 阿利图斯县 阿利图斯 40 km2 55,614 1,390.4
A coat of arms depicting three flowers that have red petals, green stalks, and green leaves all sprouting from green earth
阿利图斯区 		Alytaus rajono savivaldybė 阿利图斯县 阿利图斯[注 1] 1,403 km2 27,126 19.3
A coat of arms depicting a brown bridge rising up out of a blue body of water into a blue sky with white clouds
阿尼克什奇艾区 		Anykščių rajono savivaldybė 乌泰纳县 阿尼克什奇艾 1,764 km2 26,393 15.0
A coat of arms depicting a sea creature with sharp teeth, one protruding bottom tooth, and a blowhole spewing water
比尔什托纳斯 		Birštono savivaldybė 考纳斯县 比尔什托纳斯 122 km2 4,371 35.8
A coat of arms depicting a white flag with a black bird on it with a yellow beak and yellow claws all on a yellow background
比尔扎伊区 		Biržų rajono savivaldybė 帕内韦日斯县 比尔扎伊 1,476 km2 25,937 17.6
A coat of arms depicting three golden crowns with five spikes protruding from their tops all on a blue background
德鲁斯基宁凯 		Druskininkų savivaldybė 阿利图斯县 德鲁斯基宁凯 453 km2 20,728 45.8
A coat of arms depicting three yellow, diagonal lines zig-zagging from the bottom left to the top right on a grey background
埃莱克特雷奈 		Elektrėnų savivaldybė 维尔纽斯县 埃莱克特雷奈 509 km2 24,164 47.5
A coat of arms depicting three white flowers lined up vertically with four yellow seeds surrounding each all on a blue background
伊格纳利纳区 		Ignalinos rajono savivaldybė 乌泰纳县 伊格纳利纳 1,441 km2 16,806 11.7
A coat of arms depicting a white bird with wings outspread, a red beak, and red feet all on a dark blue background
约纳瓦区 		Jonavos rajono savivaldybė 考纳斯县 约纳瓦 943 km2 43,875 46.5
A coat of arms depicting an angel in full body armour and wings outspread while standing on a green dragon with a twisted tail
约尼什基斯区 		Joniškio rajono savivaldybė 希奥利艾县 约尼什基斯 1,151 km2 23,807 20.7
A coat of arms depicting three grey fleurs-de-lis, two directly across from each other at the top and one on the bottom, all on a red background
尤尔巴尔卡斯区 		Jurbarko rajono savivaldybė 陶拉盖县 尤尔巴尔卡斯 1,506 km2 28,162 18.7
A coat of arms depicting four grey horses with red eyes galloping both to the left and to the right all on a black background
凯希亚多里斯区 		Kaišiadorių rajono savivaldybė 考纳斯县 凯希亚多里斯 1,087 km2 31,915 29.4
A coat of arms depicting a grey castle on a red background on the left and a blue eye in a yellow triangle on the right
卡尔瓦里亚 		Kalvarijos savivaldybė 马里扬波莱县 卡尔瓦里亚 440 km2 11,486 26.1
A coat of arms depicting a white bull with an angry expression and a golden cross protruding from its head all on a red background
考纳斯市 		Kauno miesto savivaldybė 考纳斯县 考纳斯 157 km2 301,357 1919.5
A coat of arms depicting a grey bull's head with a golden cross protruding from the top all on a red crest on a blue background
考纳斯区 		Kauno rajono savivaldybė 考纳斯县 考纳斯[注 1] 1,495 km2 88,396 59.1
A coat of arms depicting six yellow stars in a diagonal line running from the bottom left to the top right all on a black background
卡兹卢鲁达 		Kazlų Rūdos savivaldybė 马里扬波莱县 卡兹卢鲁达 555 km2 12,494 22.5
A coat of arms depicting a black wing attached to a black tallon holding a white horseshoe attached to three yellow spurs
凯代尼艾区 		Kėdainių rajono savivaldybė 考纳斯县 凯代尼艾 1,677 km2 49,939 29.8
A coat of arms depicting a white wheel on a light blue background at the top and three white leaves on a green background at the bottom
凯尔梅区 		Kelmės rajono savivaldybė 希奥利艾县 凯尔梅 1,705 km2 29,559 17.3
A coat of arms depicting a golden castle with three turrets surrounded with four golden stars all on a red background
克莱佩达市 		Klaipėdos miesto savivaldybė 克莱佩达县 克莱佩达 99 km2 156,141 1,577.2
A coat of arms depicting a sword with a gold hilt and a silver blade penetrating a green wreath all on a red background
克莱佩达区 		Klaipėdos rajono savivaldybė 克莱佩达县 加尔格日代 1,340 km2 52,831 39.4
A coat of arms depicting a woman clothed in blue and brown wearing a golden crown and carrying a baby all on a grey background
克雷廷加区 		Kretingos rajono savivaldybė 克莱佩达县 克雷廷加 989 km2 39,758 40.2
A coat of arms depicting a black, six-pointed star on a golden background on the bottom and grey swirls on a blue background on the top
库皮什基斯区 		Kupiškio rajono savivaldybė 帕内韦日斯县 库皮什基斯 1,080 km2 18,678 17.3
A coat of arms depicting a golden moose with large antlers and a protruding red tongue hovering over three black keys
拉兹迪亚伊区 		Lazdijų rajono savivaldybė 阿利图斯县 拉兹迪亚伊 1,306 km2 20,813 15.9
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour riding a brown horse that is trampling a black dragon all on a yellow background
马里扬波莱 		Marijampolės savivaldybė 马里扬波莱县 马里扬波莱 755 km2 58,027 76.9
A coat of arms depicting a golden arrow with a zig-zag in the middle of it pulled back on a golden bow all on a blue background
马热伊基艾区 		Mažeikių rajono savivaldybė 泰尔希艾县 马热伊基艾 1,219 km2 55,441 45.5
A coat of arms depicting a golden key on a red background at the top and three blue birds on a white background at the bottom
莫莱泰区 		Molėtų rajono savivaldybė 乌泰纳县 莫莱泰 1,367 km2 19,233 14.1
A coat of arms depicting a white "N" on a blue background at the bottom and a series of black and white shapes at the top
内林加 		Neringos savivaldybė 克莱佩达县 尼达 90 km2 2,879 32.0
A coat of arms depicting a grey bird with a golden eye and wings outstretched holding a golden key all on a green background
帕盖吉艾 		Pagėgių savivaldybė 陶拉盖县 帕盖吉艾 536 km2 8,711 16.3
A coat of arms depicting a yellow windmill on a red crest hovering over a black bridge all on a yellow background
帕克鲁奥伊斯区 		Pakruojo rajono savivaldybė 希奥利艾县 帕克鲁奥伊斯 1,315 km2 21,555 16.4
A coat of arms depicting a circle for which the boundary is itself made up of beige circles all under a silver crown on a blue background
帕兰加市 		Palangos miesto savivaldybė 克莱佩达县 帕兰加 79 km2 15,379 194.7
A coat of arms depicting a red castle with black double doors, two black windows, and one central tower all standing on black ground
帕内韦日斯市 		Panevėžio miesto savivaldybė 帕内韦日斯县 帕内韦日斯 50 km2 95,202 1,904.0
A coat of arms depicting two grey sheaves of wheat on a blue background at the top and a red plowshare on a grey background at the bottom
帕内韦日斯区 		Panevėžio rajono savivaldybė 帕内韦日斯县 帕内韦日斯[注 1] 2,177 km2 37,173 17.1
A coat of arms depicting the black head of a bull with a golden vine entangled in its black horns and a golden ring protruding from its nose
帕斯瓦利斯区 		Pasvalio rajono savivaldybė 帕内韦日斯县 帕斯瓦利斯 1,289 km2 26,213 20.3
A coat of arms depicting the Eye of Providence with a blue iris encapsulated in a golden triangle surrounded in golden rays all on a blue background
普伦盖区 		Plungės rajono savivaldybė 泰尔希艾县 普伦盖 1,105 km2 36,052 32.6
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour riding a brown horse that is tramplinga green dragon spewing red flames from its mouth
普列奈区 		Prienų rajono savivaldybė 考纳斯县 普列奈 1,032 km2 28,181 27.3
A coat of arms depicting a silver horse that is rearing and neighing all on a dark green background bordered by a thin silver line
拉德维利什基斯区 		Radviliškio rajono savivaldybė 希奥利艾县 拉德维利什基斯 1,634 km2 39,043 23.9
A coat of arms depicting a golden lynx with black spots, a red tongue, white teeth, and white claws standing on its back paws on green turf
拉塞尼艾区 		Raseinių rajono savivaldybė 考纳斯县 拉塞尼艾 1,573 km2 35,013 22.3
A coat of arms depicting a golden lion holding a silver-bladed sword in its mouth with a golden hilt and standing on green turf all on a blue background
列塔瓦斯 		Rietavo savivaldybė 泰尔希艾县 列塔瓦斯 586 km2 8,096 13.8
A coat of arms divided into four sections, the top left and bottom right of which are red, the bottom left of which is blue, and the top right of which is golden
罗基什基斯区 		Rokiškio rajono savivaldybė 帕内韦日斯县 罗基什基斯 1,806 km2 32,191 17.8
A coat of arms depicting a grey castle with three towers topped by crosses with a human head on the front door all on a blue background
斯库奥达斯区 		Skuodo rajono savivaldybė 克莱佩达县 斯库奥达斯 911 km2 18,498 20.3
A coat of arms depicting two grey sheaves of wheat on a red background on the left and six black, curved lines on a grey background on the right
沙基艾区 		Šakių rajono savivaldybė 马里扬波莱县 沙基艾 1,454 km2 30,321 20.9
A coat of arms depicting a golden key overlapping a silver key on a blue background at the top and three golden nuts on a red background on the bottom
沙尔奇宁凯区 		Šalčininkų rajono savivaldybė 维尔纽斯县 沙尔奇宁凯 1,493 km2 32,705 21.9
A coat of arms depicting a black bear with a silver collar on a red background on the left and a blue eye in a grey triangle on the right
希奥利艾市 		Šiaulių miesto savivaldybė 希奥利艾县 希奥利艾 81 km2 104,569 1,291.0
A coat of arms depicting an angry, grey bear with yellow claws and a long, red tongue gripping a yellow axe in its paws all on a blue background
希奥利艾区 		Šiaulių rajono savivaldybė 希奥利艾县 希奥利艾[注 1] 1,807 km2 41,767 23.1
A coat of arms depicting five red leaves in a straight, horizontal row on a grey background at the top and five grey leaves on a red background at the bottom
希拉莱区 		Šilalės rajono savivaldybė 陶拉盖县 希拉莱 1,188 km2 24,869 20.9
A coat of arms depicting a grey boat hovering over two partitions of grey water that are themselves hovering over a grey horn all on a green-and-black background
希卢泰区 		Šilutės rajono savivaldybė 克莱佩达县 希卢泰 1,714 km2 41,814 24.4
A coat of arms depicting a silver-bladed sword with a golden hilt standing erect between the silver antlers of a silver moose head
希尔温托斯区 		Širvintų rajono savivaldybė 维尔纽斯县 希尔温托斯 906 km2 16,333 18.0
A coat of arms depicting a silver fish swimming to the right on the top and another fish swimming to the left on the bottom all on a blue background
什文乔尼斯区 		Švenčionių rajono savivaldybė 维尔纽斯县 什文乔尼斯 1,691 km2 25,719 15.2
A coat of arms depicting a rounded, silver horn hung up by a rounded, silver strap all on a solid red background bordered by a black line
陶拉盖区 		Tauragės rajono savivaldybė 陶拉盖县 陶拉盖 1,179 km2 41,341 35.1
A coat of arms depicting a bishop in brown robes with a brown mitre on his head surrounded by a golden halo looking at another man
泰尔希艾区 		Telšių rajono savivaldybė 泰尔希艾县 泰尔希艾 1,439 km2 43,922 30.5
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour holding a white spear in his right hand and a red-and-yellow shield in his left hand
特拉凯区 		Trakų rajono savivaldybė 维尔纽斯县 特拉凯 1,207 km2 33,437 27.7
A coat of arms depicting an open book with a red rose on one page and a red bull on the other all hovering over a red heart with a building in the background
乌克梅尔盖区 		Ukmergės rajono savivaldybė 维尔纽斯县 乌克梅尔盖 1,395 km2 36,919 26.5
A coat of arms depicting a golden horseshoe hovering over a white, 8-point star all on a blue background bordered by a thin, black line
乌泰纳区 		Utenos rajono savivaldybė 乌泰纳县 乌泰纳 1,230 km2 40,454 32.9
A coat of arms depicting a golden scarab with wings and legs outstretched flying over six purple flowers all on a blue background
瓦雷纳区 		Varėnos rajono savivaldybė 阿利图斯县 瓦雷纳 2,216 km2 23,528 10.6
A coat of arms depicting a large, red fleur-de-lis that has a horizontal symmetry axis all on a blue background bordered by a black line
维尔卡维什基斯区 		Vilkaviškio rajono savivaldybė 马里扬波莱县 维尔卡维什基斯 1,262 km2 39,465 31.3
A coat of arms depicting a white man with a white cape holding a golden staff and giving a ride to a white, golden-haloed child on his shoulder
维尔纽斯市 		Vilniaus miesto savivaldybė 维尔纽斯县 维尔纽斯 400 km2 542,626 1,356.6
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour riding a black horse and carrying a white spear with a golden blade in his right hand
维尔纽斯区 		Vilniaus rajono savivaldybė 维尔纽斯县 维尔纽斯[注 1] 2,129 km2 95,620 44.9
A coat of arms depicting a grey bird with a long, twisting neck, a yellow, pointy beak, and long yellow legs all on a dark blue background
维萨吉纳斯 		Visagino savivaldybė 乌泰纳县 维萨吉纳斯 58 km2 20,249 349.1
A coat of arms depicting a grey animal with the body of a fish and the head of a deer on a blue background at the top and a sword on the bottom
扎拉赛区 		Zarasų rajono savivaldybė 乌泰纳县 扎拉赛 1,331 km2 17,035 12.8

参见

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维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：立陶宛市镇

脚注

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注释
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 这些市镇的行政中心位于本市镇所辖区域之外。
一般文献
专业文献
  1. ^ Conference on Local and Regional Authority Co-operation in the Baltic Sea Area: proceedings, Kaunas, Lithuania, 21-23, April 1999. Council of Europe. January 2000: 9 [2011-02-16]. ISBN 978-92-871-4538-3. （原始内容存档于2021-10-22）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Jolanta Vaičiūnienė. The Administrative–Territorial Reform in Lithuania: History and Today (PDF). Council of Europe. 2008-11-14 [2011-02-16]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-22）. 
  3. ^ Local Economic and Employment Development (Program); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Baltic partnerships: integration, growth and local governance in the Baltic Sea Region. OECD Publishing. April 2007: 75 [2011-02-23]. ISBN 978-92-64-02928-6. （原始内容存档于2021-10-22）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Lithuania Introduction. European Committee of The Regions. [2021-06-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-07）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Law on elections to municipal councils. The Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. [2015-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）. 
  6. ^ Lithuanian mayors to be directly elected « True Lithuania. www.truelithuania.com. [2021-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-22）. 
  7. ^ Burbulytė-Tsiskarishvili, G., Dvorak,J., Žernytė, A. (2018). Savivaldybių funkcijų ir galių kaita 1994 - 2016 metais. Viešoji politika ir administravimas, t.17, No.3 (PDF). [2021-06-22]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-07-16）. 
  8. ^ Municipality administrative centers and coats of arms are given by Statistics Lithuania（英语：Statistics Lithuania） in subpages under the Portrait of the Regions of Lithuania; e.g. Alytus town municipality 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2011-05-26..
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Area (land) at the beginning of the year, Population density at the beginning of the year, Resident population at the beginning of the year. Statistics Lithuania（英语：Statistics Lithuania）. [2016-02-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-22）. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=立陶宛市鎮&oldid=82720070”