胭脂蟲
外觀
![]() | 此條目可參照英語維基百科相應條目來擴充。 (2023年5月6日) |
胭脂蟲![]() | |
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左:雌蟲;右:雄蟲 | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
綱: | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
目: | 半翅目 Hemiptera |
科: | 胭蚧科 Dactylopiidae |
屬: | 胭蚧屬 Dactylopius |
種: | 胭脂蟲 D. coccus
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二名法 | |
Dactylopius coccus Costa, 1835
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異名 | |
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胭脂蟲(學名:Dactylopius coccus)又名洋紅蟲、墨西哥胭脂蟲或美洲胭脂蟲,是胭蚧科胭蚧屬的一種介殼蟲,原產於美洲。以仙人掌屬植物的汁液為食。其身長可達5公釐。
胭脂蟲雌蟲體內含胭脂紅酸,可以用來製造緋紅色染料(胭脂紅)。胭脂蟲是哥倫布交換(Columbian Exchange)之一。在地理大發現時代,在哥倫布發現美洲之初,胭脂蟲被引入了歐洲。當運送胭脂蟲的西班牙商船被英國或德國的海盜劫掠時,對胭脂蟲的價值和用處一無所知的海盜們往往會把貨物扔進大海。
目前,胭脂蟲被使用於布料染色、食用色素和化粧品。但作為食用色素時(例如常見於草莓果醬),多會加註警語,以防素食者誤食及避免過量服用胭脂蟲食用色素。
延伸閲讀
[編輯]- Baskes, Jeremy. Indians, Merchants and Markets: A Reinterpretation of the Repartimiento and Spanish-Indian Economic Relations in Colonial Oaxaca, 1750–1821. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 2000. ISBN 0-8047-3512-3.
- Donkin, R. A. Spanish Red: An Ethnogeographical Study of Cochineal and the Opuntia Cactus. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 1977, 67 (5): 1–84. JSTOR 1006195. doi:10.2307/1006195.
- Eiland, Murray L., Jr. & Eiland, Murray L., III. Oriental Carpets. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1998. ISBN 0-8212-2548-0.
- Greenfield, Amy Butler. A Perfect Red: Empire, Espionage, and the Quest for the Color of Desire. New York: Harper Collins Press. 2005. ISBN 0-06-052276-3.
- Hamnett, Brian. Politics and Trade in Southern Mexico, 1750–1821. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1971. ISBN 0-521-07860-1.
- McCreery, David. Rural Guatemala 1760–1940. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1996. ISBN 0-8047-2792-9.
- Schiebinger, L. L. Plants and Empire: Colonial Bioprospecting in the Atlantic World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2004. ISBN 0-674-01487-1.
外部連結
[編輯]- Felter, Harvey Wickes; Lloyd, John Uri. Coccus (U.S.P.)—Cochineal. King's American Dispensatory. 1898 [July 14, 2005]. (原始內容存檔於2021-01-28).
- Direction of the Council of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Coccus, B.P.. The British Pharmaceutical Codex. 1911 [July 14, 2005]. (原始內容存檔於2021-01-17).
- Sayre, Lucius E. Coccus.—Cochineal. A Manual of Organic Materia Medica and Pharmacognosy. 1917 [July 14, 2005]. (原始內容存檔於2021-01-17).
- Zhang, Jane. Is There a Bug in Your Juice? New Food Labels Might Say. The Wall Street Journal. January 27, 2006. (原始內容存檔於January 12, 2009).
- Greig, J. B. Cochineal extract, carmine, and carminic acid. WHO food additive series 46. [June 2, 2007]. (原始內容存檔於2018-10-04).
- Dutton, LaVerne M. Cochineal: A Bright Red Animal Dye. Master's Thesis for Baylor University. [November 13, 2010]. (原始內容存檔於2021-01-24).
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