蒼白
外觀
蒼白(Pallor[1][2] ),又稱面色蒼白[3]、臉色蒼白[4],指不常見的、皮膚顏色較平常更淺的狀況[5],在皮膚較薄但微血管密集處較為明顯,像是眼瞼、耳垂、指甲等部位。[2]
蒼白可能由情緒、血流量減少或貧血[2][6]等因素引起[5],血紅蛋白減少,人的臉部就會出現這種顏色。不過除非全身都呈現蒼白色(唇色、舌、手掌、口腔和其他粘膜區出現蒼白),否則只是臉色蒼白的話通常不具有臨床意義。
此外當眼瞼和皮膚較蒼白時,也應留意有無黃疸。外傷或肝病皆可能造成大量溶血反應,使得皮膚蒼白。[2]
因素
[編輯]- 偏頭痛或頭痛[7]
- 過量的雌二醇或雌酮
- 骨質疏鬆症
- 恐懼、尷尬、喪慟[8]
- 神經性厭食症
- 貧血[9]
- 缺鐵
- 維生素B12缺乏症[10]
- 休克
- 腔室症候群
- 凍傷
- 普通感冒
- 癌症[11]
- 低血糖[12]
- 心跳過緩
- 恐慌發作
- 藥品
- 鉛中毒
- 暈動病[13]
- 心血管疾病
- 周邊動脈阻塞
- 甲狀腺機能低下症
- 壞血病
- 結核病
- 睡眠不足
- 嗜鉻細胞瘤
- 姿位性低血壓
- 甲基多巴
- 食欲不振
- 纖維肌痛
- 血栓閉塞性脈管炎
- 血容量減少
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 蒼白,蒼黃. 樂詞網. 2021 [2024-11-23] (中文(臺灣)).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 黃馨弘. 蒼白. DeepQ醫學百科. 2020-08-31 [2024-11-23] (中文(臺灣)).
- ^ 陳弘森、黃純德、廖秀釧、游淑儀. 兒童的血管迷走神經性暈厥發生率之研究. 臺灣齒科醫學會雜誌. 1987 [2024-11-24] (中文(臺灣)).
- ^ 江睿玲等. 環前列烯醇. 罕見疾病藥物處方集(2009 年版). 行政院務生署藥政處: 42. 2008-12-08 [2024-11-24] (中文(臺灣)).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Verneda Lights. What Causes Paleness and How To Treat It. healthline. 2023-04-25 [2024-12-06] (英語).
- ^ 上海中醫藥大學醫學史教研室主任、教授、中醫內科主任醫師陳麗雲. 面色苍白又发慌,留心白色高血压.
- ^ Gupta, V. K. Conceptual divide between adaptive and pathogenetic phenomena in migraine: nausea and vomiting. Brain. 2004-08-19, 127 (11): E18 [2022-10-14]. PMID 15492109. doi:10.1093/brain/awh279. (原始內容存檔於2022-10-15).
- ^ Drummond, Peter D. Correlates of facial flushing and pallor in anger-provoking situations. Personality and Individual Differences. October 1997, 23 (4): 575–582. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00077-9.
- ^ Kalantri, Ashwini; Karambelkar, Mandar; Joshi, Rajnish; Kalantri, Shriprakash; Jajoo, Ulhas. Accuracy and Reliability of Pallor for Detecting Anaemia: A Hospital-Based Diagnostic Accuracy Study. PLOS ONE. 2010-01-01, 5 (1): e8545. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8545K. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2797134 . PMID 20049324. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008545 (英語).
- ^ Mishra, Vikas A.; Harbada, Rishit; Sharma, Akhilesh. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D Deficiencies: An Unusual Cause of Fever, Severe Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2015, 4 (1): 145–148. ISSN 2249-4863. PMC 4366991 . PMID 25811010. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.152276.
- ^ Fragkandrea, Ioanna; Nixon, John Alexander; Panagopoulou, Paraskevi. Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Cancer: A Guide for Early Recognition. American Family Physician. 2013-08-01, 88 (3): 185–192 [2022-10-14]. PMID 23939697. (原始內容存檔於2023-06-01).
- ^ Poterucha, Joseph T.; Bos, J. Martijn; Cannon, Bryan C.; Ackerman, Michael J. Frequency and severity of hypoglycemia in children with beta-blocker–treated long QT syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2015-08-01, 12 (8): 1815–1819 [2022-10-14]. ISSN 1547-5271. PMID 25929701. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.04.034. (原始內容存檔於2023-10-22) (英語).
- ^ Holmes, Sharon; King, Stuart; Scott, J. R. Rollin; Clemes, Stacy. Facial Skin Pallor Increases During Motion Sickness. Journal of Psychophysiology. 2002, 16 (3): 150–157 [2022-10-14]. doi:10.1027//0269-8803.16.3.150. (原始內容存檔於2022-10-14) (英語).