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靜脈炎

維基百科,自由的百科全書
(重新導向自Phlebitis
靜脈炎
又稱Venitis、Phlebitis
膕部的靜脈
症狀痛、腫、紅[1]
併發症深靜脈血栓肺栓塞[2]
起病年齡老人[1]
類型輸液靜脈炎、表淺血栓靜脈炎英語superficial thrombophlebitis[3]
風險因素靜脈注射導管、靜脈曲張癌症懷孕、長期不動或臥床[4][5]
鑑別診斷蜂窩組織炎血腫淋巴管發炎肌腱病變[2]
治療熱敷、止痛藥(非類固醇抗發炎藥)、抗凝劑[4][3]
盛行率相對常見[5][2]
分類和外部資源
醫學專科急診醫學
DiseasesDB13043
eMedicine786526、​463256
[編輯此條目的維基數據]

靜脈炎靜脈炎症[1]。它通常會導致相關區域的疼痛、腫脹和發紅[1]。靜脈也可能變硬[1]。併發症包括可能發生深靜脈血栓肺栓塞[2]

使用靜脈注射導管的患者約 30% 可能會出現這種情況;但只有 4% 的狀況嚴重[5]。危險因素包括使用導管的時間較長和透過導管注射抗生素[5]。可能的致病機轉包括靜脈損傷、化學刺激和細菌感染[1]。另一個原因是血栓形成,這種情況被稱為表淺血栓靜脈炎英語superficial thrombophlebitis[4]。危險因子包括靜脈曲張癌症懷孕和行動不便[4]。通常發生在腿部[4]

雖然治療的證據不足(支持這個治療的高品質研究不多),但仍可溫熱敷和使用止痛藥[6] [3]。若病因與出現血栓有關時,治療應包括抬高腿部、服用非類固醇抗發炎藥,有時仍需服用抗凝劑[4] [7]。以上較常在老年人發生[1]。若是靜脈導管引起的情況,則發生在女性比男性多[5]

參見

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Macklin, D. Phlebitis.. The American journal of nursing. February 2003, 103 (2): 55-60. PMID 12582339. doi:10.1097/00000446-200302000-00027. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Czysz, A; Higbee, SL. Superficial Thrombophlebitis. January 2022. PMID 32310477. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Dychter, SS; Gold, DA; Carson, D; Haller, M. Intravenous therapy: a review of complications and economic considerations of peripheral access.. Journal of infusion nursing : the official publication of the Infusion Nurses Society. March 2012, 35 (2): 84-91. PMID 22382792. doi:10.1097/NAN.0b013e31824237ce. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Beckman, Joshua A. Diseases of the Veins. Circulation. 22 October 2002, 106 (17): 2170–2172. PMID 12390942. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000036740.75461.80可免費查閱. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Lv, L; Zhang, J. The incidence and risk of infusion phlebitis with peripheral intravenous catheters: A meta-analysis.. The journal of vascular access. May 2020, 21 (3): 342-349. PMID 31547791. doi:10.1177/1129729819877323. 
  6. ^ Di Nisio, M; Peinemann, F; Porreca, E; Rutjes, AW. Treatment for superficial infusion thrombophlebitis of the upper extremity. (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 20 November 2015, 11 (11): CD011015 [12 January 2022]. PMC 6885032可免費查閱. PMID 26588711. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011015.pub2. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於16 February 2020). 
  7. ^ Di Nisio, M; Wichers, IM; Middeldorp, S. Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 25 February 2018, 2: CD004982. PMID 29478266. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004982.pub6. 

延伸閱讀

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  • Intravenous Infusion Therapy for Nurses (Second Edition) by Dianne L. Josephson (ISBN 1-4018-0935-9)
  • John Hunter, "Observations on the Inflammation of the Internal Coats of Veins," Transactions of a Society for the Improvement of Medical and Chirurgical Knowledge, vol. 1 (London: 1793) pp. 18–29

外部連節

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