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草稿:俄羅斯機動車輛車號牌

維基百科,自由的百科全書
俄羅斯私家車牌照。
非標準車牌尺寸的車輛牌照(GOST R 50577-2018 1A 型),290 毫米(11 吋)x170 毫米(6.7 吋)(2019 年推出)。
俄羅斯地區車輛登記代碼

俄羅斯車輛牌照是俄羅斯用於顯示車輛登記標記的強制性車牌。法律要求大多數公共道路使用的機動車輛必須展示俄羅斯車牌。如果車牌被雪、泥土、紙張或任何東西遮擋導致數字和字母難以辨認,將被視為行政違法,並會被處以罰款。

已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯

歷史

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目前

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Country code on the bottom right.

The current format uses a letter followed by 3 digits and two more letters. To improve legibility of the numbers for Russian cars abroad, only a small subset of 西里爾字母 characters that 同形字 are used (12 letters: А, В, Е, К, М, Н, О, Р, С, Т, У, Х), additionally D was issued on some very early plates.[1] Finally, the region number (77, 97, 99, 177, 197, 199, 777, 797 and 799 for 莫斯科; 78, 98, 178, and 198 for 聖彼得堡, etc.) and the international code RUS with the Russian flag typically to the right of it, however the flag is not mandatory, and since 2013 owners may order plates without it. [2]

There is a different format for trailers (2 letters and 4 digits). Motorcycles, mopeds and scooters plates are made of square reflective plates and its format is 4 digits at the top and two letters at the bottom. These plates lack a national flag.

The standard size for the license plate is 520 mm by 112 mm.

Vehicles used by certain organisations or categories of persons carry special plates:

Image Description
Police forces have special numbers on blue colored plates and the format is one letter and four digits. The letter signifies the branch of the police force, and its meaning may change from city to city; for example, in Moscow, A #### 99 rus stands for traffic police, У #### 99 rus for patrol cars, O #### 99 rus for police guard dog service etc.
Diplomatic cars have white characters on a red background. The first three digits on the plate are a code identifying the embassy to which they belong, assigned in order based on the date at which that country established diplomatic relations with Russia or the Soviet Union. For example, the 英國 is 001, the 美國 is 004, and 南蘇丹 is 168. Numbers 500 and above identify international organizations, such as 505 for 國際貨幣基金組織. On ambassadors' cars this code is followed by CD and a digit (004 CD 1 77 rus), while cars assigned to rank-and-file diplomats have this code followed by D and three digits (for example, 004 D 108 77 rus). The lacking diplomatic status administrative and technical staff of embassies, consulates or international organizations have license plate format (004 T 001 77 rus).
The military license plates have white characters on a black background and the format is NNNN LL for vehicles and LL NNNN for trailers. In this case the two digits on the right are not a regional code but a code for the military district, armed forces branch or service, or federal executive body where military service is required by law. For example, NNNN LL 14 rus is a vehicle belonging to the 俄羅斯鐵道軍, NNNN LL 18 rus denotes the 俄羅斯聯邦緊急情況部, NNNN LL 23 rus is for the 俄羅斯戰略火箭軍, NNNN LL 21 rus for the 南部軍區 etc. Unlike all other categories, the military number plates are not light reflective.[3]
Public transport vehicles (such as buses, licensed taxis and licensed 蘇式小巴) have black characters on a yellow background and the format is LL NNN. Since such vehicles are relatively few, the region code does not change often; in Moscow, for example, yellow "public transport" plates are still issued with the code 77 in December 2009. (Note: This type is not to be confused with the now defunct similar-looking yellow license plates having the format LL NNN L, which were issued prior to 2002 to cars registered to foreign companies operating in Russia; the latter type has now been withdrawn.)
Trailer plates have colors very similar to normal passenger vehicles, but have format LL NNNN. Until July 2008, these plates had to be duplicated on the rear surface of the trailer, in a large print.
Temporary and transit licence plates. Made from glossy laminated paper with holographic sticker in the upper left corner.
Temporary and transit licence plates for exported vehicles with Т digit in left part of plate.
Motorcycle registration plates. From 2019 updated standard introduced reduced size plates 190 mm(7.5英寸)x145 mm(5.7英寸) (with Russian national flag on it).

Special plates in the above categories never carry the Russian flag, except for trailers.

There are special series (usually numbers starting with A) reserved for government officials (for example, A 001 AA usually belongs to the 政區首長 of the region). The license plates for federal government officials originally had a larger flag instead of the regional code but this type has now been withdrawn as well.

Rich businessmen, prominent politicians and crime lords often use para-legally acquired special licence plates (government or police) to get preferential treatment from the transport police and as a status symbol. Often, this is used in conjunction with a flashing siren. The Society of Blue Buckets英語Society of Blue Buckets is a protest movement that opposes this trend.[4]

As of 2014, there are new codes for Russian plates in 烏克蘭臨時被佔領土; number 82 for the Republic of Crimea and 92 for Sevastopol. The Russian Federation annexed Crimea from Ukraine and now administers it as two federal subjects: the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. Ukraine, backed by most of the international community, refuses to accept the annexation and continues to assert its right over the peninsula. Vehicles with such plates may have difficulty entering countries which recognize Crimea as Ukrainian territory and thus deem documents issued by the Russian Federation in Crimea to be invalid.[來源請求]

After the February 2022 escalation of the 俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭, Russia issued plates for its conquests in Ukraine's 頓涅茨克州, 赫爾松州, 盧甘斯克州, and 扎波羅熱州. It also began to issue plates numbered 188 in 庫皮揚斯克 for 哈爾科夫州,[5] but its forces were pushed out of the oblast's territory during the 2022年哈爾科夫反攻 in the fall of 2022.

Runout problem

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As per GOST英語GOST provision, only 1,726,272 combinations may be issued within one administration unit (the digits 000 are not allowed). In certain regions, the number of vehicles exceeds that number. Additionally, previous combinations cannot be reused after a vehicle has been de-registered. This scheme creates an issue where the number of possible license plate combinations cannot meet the demand of the number of vehicle registrations.

A short-term solution saw the introduction of additional codes for regions that suffered from this problem. Thus, some regions have two or three codes issued to them, the city of 聖彼得堡 has four, 莫斯科州 has six, and the federal city of 莫斯科 has ten codes. But this does not fully solve the problem, as the authorities may eventually run out of three-numeral regional codes, and a fourth digit will not fit without changing the standardised layout of the plate.[來源請求] Since October 2013, when a vehicle is registered to a new owner, the registration plate could remain on the vehicle and a new registration number is not required, even if the vehicle is registered in another region.

The problem was resolved by re-registering plates that are no longer in use. Also, since 2013, the owner can keep the license plate for himself personally, or leave it on the car when selling it to another person.


Regional codes

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The license plate regional codes from 01 to 89 originally matched the numerical order of the 俄羅斯聯邦主體 as listed in the Article 65 of the 俄羅斯聯邦憲法 at the moment of the creation of the standard. In the following years some codes were reassigned or discontinued (for example code number 20 for the 車臣共和國: to prevent illegal registrations, and due to the destruction of the database in the 1990s, all the vehicles of Chechnya were reregistered). As the populous regions started running out of license plate combinations, new codes past code 89 were assigned to them as well. Additional triple-digit codes were created by prepending a "1", "2", "7", or "9" to the existing regional code (e.g. 54 and 154 for 新西伯利亞州, or 16, 116 and 716 in 韃靼斯坦共和國).[6] Those regions with an asterisk (*) beside them were involved in mergers with other regions, so are no longer issued, and have their codes listed with an asterisk with the region they are now a part of.

A car with its registration plate from 聖彼得堡.

In June 2014, code 82 (formerly registered to the 科里亞克區) was put back into registration for the 克里米亞共和國, while 塞瓦斯托波爾 adopted the new code 92. The reason for the decision to use code 82 was because, between the beginning of this plate format and the merging of the district, Koryak AO only registered 1,548 civilian car license plates (starting at A001AA/82 and ending at B549AA/82) and far less of other types (some types, such as public transport plates, were never issued in the region).

俄羅斯聯邦地區
01 阿迪格共和國
02, 102, 702 巴什科爾托斯坦共和國
03 布里亞特共和國
04 阿爾泰共和國
05 達吉斯坦共和國
06 印古什共和國
07 卡巴爾達-巴爾卡爾共和國
08 卡爾梅克共和國
09 卡拉恰伊-切爾克斯共和國
10 卡累利阿共和國
11 科米共和國
12 馬里埃爾共和國
13, 113 莫爾多瓦共和國
14 薩哈(雅庫特)共和國
15 北奧塞梯-阿蘭共和國
16, 116, 716 韃靼斯坦共和國
17 圖瓦共和國
18 烏德穆爾特共和國
19 哈卡斯共和國
(20), 95 車臣共和國
21, 121 楚瓦什共和國
22, 122 阿爾泰邊疆區
23, 93, 123, 193 克拉斯諾達爾邊疆區
24, 84*, 88*, 124 克拉斯諾亞爾斯克邊疆區
25, 125 濱海邊疆區
26, 126 斯塔夫羅波爾邊疆區
27 哈巴羅夫斯克邊疆區
28 阿穆爾州
29 阿爾漢格爾斯克州
30 阿斯特拉罕州
31 別爾哥羅德州
32 布良斯克州
33 弗拉基米爾州
34, 134 伏爾加格勒州
35 沃洛格達州
36, 136 沃羅涅日州
37 伊萬諾沃州
38, 85*, 138 伊爾庫茨克州
39, 91 加里寧格勒州
40 卡盧加州
41, 82* 堪察加邊疆區
42, 142 克麥羅沃州
43 基洛夫州
44 科斯特羅馬州
45 庫爾干州
46 庫爾斯克州
47, 147 列寧格勒州
48 利佩茨克州
49 馬加丹州
50, 90, 150, 190, 750, 790 莫斯科州
51 摩爾曼斯克州
52, 152, 252 下諾夫哥羅德州
53 諾夫哥羅德州
54, 154 新西伯利亞州
55, 155 鄂木斯克州
56, 156 奧倫堡州
57 奧廖爾州
58 奔薩州
59, 81*, 159 彼爾姆邊疆區
60 普斯科夫州
61, 161, 761 羅斯托夫州
62 梁贊州
63, 163, 763 薩馬拉州
64, 164 薩拉托夫州
65 薩哈林州
66, 96, 196 斯維爾德洛夫斯克州
67 斯摩棱斯克州
68 坦波夫州
69 特維爾州
70 托木斯克州
71 圖拉州
72, 172 秋明州
73, 173 烏里揚諾夫斯克州
74, 174, 774 車里雅賓斯克州
75, 80* 外貝加爾邊疆區
76 雅羅斯拉夫爾州
77, 97, 99, 177, 197, 199, 777, 797, 799, 977 莫斯科
78, 98, 178, 198 聖彼得堡
79 猶太自治州
80, 180* 頓涅茨克人民共和國 (烏克蘭臨時被佔領土)
81, 181* 盧甘斯克人民共和國 (occupied Ukraine)
82 克里米亞共和國 (occupied Ukraine)
83 涅涅茨自治區
84, 184* 赫爾松州 (occupied Ukraine)
85, 185* 扎波羅熱州 (occupied Ukraine)
86, 186 漢特-曼西自治區
87 楚科奇自治區
88* 埃文基自治區 (1993-2006)
89 亞馬爾-涅涅茨自治區
92 塞瓦斯托波爾 (occupied Ukraine)
94, 188 Territories outside of the Russian Federation, served by the bodies of internal affairs of the Russian Federation, such as 拜科努爾
95 車臣共和國
Internationally disputed areas in italics

外交代表機構和國際組織代碼

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014是挪威駐俄羅斯外交官的代碼
芬蘭駐莫斯科大使館的外交車輛(編號069)。

根據 2002 年 3 月 28 日起的內政部第 282 號命令。[7]

國家或組織
001  英國
002  德國
003  加拿大
004  美國
005  日本
006  西班牙
007  法國
008  比利時
009  希臘
010  丹麥
011  意大利
012  盧森堡
013  荷蘭
014  挪威
015  土耳其
016  澳洲
017  奧地利
018  阿爾及利亞
019  埃及
020  盧旺達
021  阿根廷
022  阿富汗伊斯蘭共和國
023  緬甸
024  玻利維亞
025  巴西
026  布隆迪
027  加納
028  孟加拉
029  幾內亞
030  贊比亞
031  秘魯
032  印度
033  印度尼西亞
034  約旦
035  伊拉克
036  伊朗
037  愛爾蘭
038  冰島
039  柬埔寨
040  肯雅
041  塞浦路斯
042  剛果共和國
043  哥斯達黎加
044  科威特
045  老撾
047  黎巴嫩
048  利比亞
049  馬里
050  摩洛哥
051  墨西哥
052  尼泊爾
053  尼日利亞
054  委內瑞拉
055  新西蘭
056  巴基斯坦
057  布基納法索
058  塞內加爾
059 N/A[a]
060  索馬里
061  蘇丹
062  塞拉利昂
063  泰國
064  坦桑尼亞
065  突尼斯
066  烏干達
067  烏拉圭
068  菲律賓
069  芬蘭
070  斯里蘭卡
071  乍得
072  瑞士
073  瑞典
074  厄瓜多爾
075  埃塞俄比亞
076  安哥拉
077  剛果民主共和國
078  哥倫比亞
079  喀麥隆
080  幾內亞比紹
081  葡萄牙
082  保加利亞
083  匈牙利
084 N/A
085 N/A
086  波蘭
087  北韓
088  古巴
089  蒙古國
090  中國
091  羅馬尼亞
092 N/A[b]
093  塞爾維亞
094  貝寧
095  加蓬
096  圭亞那
097  毛里塔尼亞
098  馬達加斯加
099  馬來西亞
100  尼日爾
101  新加坡
102  多哥
103  中非
104  牙買加
105  也門
106 N/A[c]
107  巴勒斯坦
108  尼加拉瓜
109  莫桑比克
110  赤道幾內亞
111  馬爾他騎士團[d]
112  馬爾他
113  佛得角
114 N/A
115  津巴布韋
116  阿聯酋
117  科特迪瓦
118  納米比亞
119 N/A[e]
120  阿曼
121  卡塔爾
122 N/A[f]
123 N/A[g]
124  南韓
125  智利
126  巴拿馬[h]
127  以色列
128  北馬其頓[i]
129  阿爾巴尼亞
130 N/A[j]
131  梵蒂岡
132  立陶宛
133  敘利亞
134  愛沙尼亞
135  拉脫維亞
136  巴林
137  南非
138  亞美尼亞
139 N/A[k]
140  沙特阿拉伯
141  斯洛文尼亞
142  烏茲別克
143  吉爾吉斯
144  克羅地亞
145  阿塞拜疆
146  烏克蘭
147  摩爾多瓦
148  捷克
149  斯洛伐克
150  白俄羅斯
151  塔吉克
152  土庫曼
153  哈薩克
154  危地馬拉
155  波黑
156  厄立特里亞
157  巴拉圭
158  格魯吉亞
159  汶萊
160  岡比亞
161  越南
162  毛里裘斯
163  多米尼加
164  黑山
165  南奧塞梯
166  阿布哈茲
167  吉布提
168  南蘇丹
169  薩爾瓦多
499 歐洲聯盟 歐洲聯盟委員會
500 歐洲復興開發銀行
501 N/A[l]
502 N/A[m]
503  阿拉伯國家聯盟
504 國際復興開發銀行
505 國際貨幣基金組織
506 國際移民組織
507 紅十字會與紅新月會國際聯合會
508 紅十字國際委員會
509 國際金融公司
510 聯合國 聯合國工業發展組織 (UNIDO)
511  聯合國
512 聯合國教育、科學及文化組織 聯合國教育、科學及文化組織 (UNESCO); code 126 used earlier.
514 International Bank for Economic Complementation
515 International Investment Bank英語International Investment Bank
516 國際太空通訊組織
517 International Centre of Scientific and Technical Information
518 N/A[n]
520 國際勞工組織
521 N/A[o]
522 Coordination Centre of the Intergovernmental Commission for Cooperation in Computing Machinery
523 獨立國家聯合體 Executive Committee of the 獨立國家聯合體
524 歐洲空間局
525 Eurasian Patent Organization英語Eurasian Patent Organization
526 N/A[p]
527 N/A[q]
528 獨立國家聯合體 Interstate Bank
529 N/A[r]
530 International Research Institute of Management Problems
531 集體安全條約組織 集體安全條約組織 (CSTO)
532 獨立國家聯合體 Intergovernmental Statistical Committee of the 獨立國家聯合體
533 獨立國家聯合體 Secretariate of Council of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly英語CIS Interparliamentary Assembly
534 Template:Country data EAEU 歐亞開發銀行
535 獨立國家聯合體 Intergovernmental Foundation for Humanitarian Cooperation of the 獨立國家聯合體
555 Template:Country data EAEU Eurasian Economic Commission英語Eurasian Economic Commission
556 歐洲委員會 Program Office of the 歐洲委員會 in Russia
557 獨立國家聯合體 Antiterrorist Centre of the 獨立國家聯合體 member states
559 杜布納聯合原子核研究所
900 Honorary consuls and offices headed by them[需要解釋]

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  1. ^ Code 059 is a former code for 敘利亞. The current code for Syria is 133.
  2. ^ Code 092 is a former code for 捷克斯洛伐克. Currently, codes for 捷克 and 斯洛伐克 are 148 (Czech Republic), and 149 (Slovakia).
  3. ^ Code 106 is a former code for the 中非共和國. The current code for the Central African Republic is 103.
  4. ^ Earlier, code 111 belonged to the 經濟互助委員會. Replaced by the 馬爾他騎士團.
  5. ^ Code 119 is a former code for 南非. The current code for South Africa is 137.
  6. ^ Code 122 is a former code for the 阿拉伯國家聯盟. The current code for the Arab League is 503.
  7. ^ Code 123 is a former code for 列支敦士登.
  8. ^ Earlier, code 126 belonged to UNESCO. Replaced by 巴拿馬.
  9. ^ Earlier, code 128 belonged to the 歐洲聯盟. Replaced by 北馬其頓.
  10. ^ Code 130 is a former code for the 國際組織.
  11. ^ Code 139 is a former code for 格魯吉亞. The current code Georgia is 158.
  12. ^ Code 501 is a former code for the Un International Centre.
  13. ^ Code 502 is a former code for the Eurocommision. The current code for this organization is 499.
  14. ^ Code 518 is a former code for the International Scientific and Technical Centre
  15. ^ Code 521 is a former code for the Interelectro (International Organization for Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation in Electrical Industry)
  16. ^ Code 526 is a former code for the Taipei-Moscow Coordination Commission for Economic and Cultural Cooperation
  17. ^ Code 527 is a former code for the Headquarters for Coordination of Military Cooperation of the 獨立國家聯合體
  18. ^ Code 529 is a former code of the 歐亞經濟共同體 (earlier - Integration Committee of the Eurasian Economic Community)

參見

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參考

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  1. ^ Буква «D» на автомобильном номере в России – что это значит?. dzen.ru. [13 March 2023].  已忽略未知參數|lang=(建議使用|language=) (幫助)
  2. ^ Номер без флага: зачем он нужен и сколько стоит. autonews.ru. [13 March 2023].  已忽略未知參數|lang=(建議使用|language=) (幫助)
  3. ^ Russian plates information. Matriculasdelmundo.com. [19 Jun 2023].  已忽略未知參數|lang=(建議使用|language=) (幫助)
  4. ^ Elder, Miriam. Moscow's limos halted by blue buckets. The Guardian (London). May 28, 2010. 
  5. ^ Жителям Харьковской области будут выдавать номера автомобилей с кодом 188. РБК. 2022-08-26 [2023-12-14] (俄語). 
  6. ^ Ministry of Internal Affairs Order 282 from March 28, 2002 - Приказ МВД России от 28.03.2002 N 282 (ред. от 22.12.2014) "О государственных регистрационных знаках транспортных средств". [March 3, 2016]. (原始內容存檔於March 6, 2016). 
  7. ^ Приказ МВД России от 28.03.2002 N 282 (ред. от 22.12.2014) "О государственных регистрационных знаках транспортных средств" [Russian MVD Order 282 of March 28, 2002]. Moscow, Russia: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. 22 December 2014 [7 May 2015] (Russian). 

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