足菌肿 （Eumycetoma）又称马杜拉足 [1] [6] [7] 真菌 对表皮与皮下组织 的持续性感染，大多感染脚部 ，少数情况也会感染手 等身体的其他部位[5] 结节 ，可能持续数年之久，继而发生肿胀、溃烂、化脓甚至骨骼 变形[2] 马杜拉足肿菌 灰马杜拉分枝菌 月状旋孢腔菌 波氏假性霉样菌 赛多孢菌属 、枝顶孢霉属 和镰孢菌属 的物种[3] [8] 活体组织检查 [5] 医学影像 判断骨骼受损情形，其他诊断方式还有酶联免疫吸附测定 、免疫扩散法 DNA测序 等[4] 放线菌 感染可能造成与足菌肿类似的症状[9] [10]
足菌肿的治疗方式为进行清创手术 与服用抗真菌药 [2] 伊曲康唑 、泊沙康唑 伏立康唑 [4] 截肢 [5] 漠南非洲 、印度 与中南美洲 的热带 地区[2] [11] 北非 也曾有案例发生[12] [13] [4] 世界卫生组织 将足菌肿列为被忽视热带病 [11]
足菌肿在印度古代的文献中即有记载，称作“Padavalmika”，意为“足部的蚁丘 ”[9] 马杜赖 ，为此病英文别名“马杜拉脚”的名称由来。1860年，研究确定此病为真菌感染所致[9]
参考文献 [ 编辑 ]
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