絮状表皮癣菌

絮状表皮癣菌
	絮状表皮癣菌
科学分类
界：	真菌界 Fungi
门：	子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲：	散囊菌纲 Eurotiomycetes
目：	爪甲团囊菌目 Onygenales
科：	分节癣菌科 Arthrodermataceae
属：	表皮癣菌属 Epidermophyton
种：	絮状表皮癣菌 E. floccosum
二名法
	Epidermophyton floccosum; (Harz) Langeron & Miloch.
异名
	Acrothecium floccosum Harz; Blastotrichum floccosum (Harz) Berl. & Voglino; Dactylium floccosum (Harz) Sartory

絮状表皮癣菌（学名：Epidermophyton floccosum）是一种致病真菌，能感染皮肤与指甲^[1]，造成足癣、股癣、甲癣与体癣（英语：tinea corporis）等真菌病^[2]^[3]。本种菌感染的诊断方式包括身体检查、组织培养与分子序列分析等^[4]，通常可以特比萘芬、伊曲康唑、酮康唑与伏立康唑（英语：Voriconazole）等外用性抗真菌剂治疗^[5]。

絮状表皮癣菌是表皮癣菌属的两种物种之一（另一种为斯托克表皮癣菌（瑞典语：Epidermophyton stockdaleae））^[6]^[7]。一项统计显示絮状表皮癣菌是二十世纪北美洲造成皮癣菌病的病原菌中第四常见者^[8]。本种真菌虽分布于全球，但较常在热带与亚热带的病人身上发现^[2]。

分类[编辑]

絮状表皮癣菌最初于1870年由德国真菌学家卡尔·奥托·哈尔茨（英语：Carl Otto Harz）描述，并将其命名为Acrothecium floccosum^[9]，1907年被重新命名为Blastotrichum floccosum，最后在1923年由Ota与Langeron定为现名Epidermophyton floccosum^[10]。

描述[编辑]

絮状表皮癣菌的生长速度中等，约在10天后发育成熟，组织由最初的平坦粒状逐渐发展为带沟纹且光滑的放射状，颜色为黄、黄棕或橄榄色。与其他皮肤真菌不同，絮状表皮癣菌会分泌一种称为1(3),2-diacylglyceryl-3(1)-O-4′-(N,N,N-trimethyl)homoserine的脂类，功能不明^[11] 。絮状表皮癣菌和其他表皮癣菌一样缺乏小分生孢子，其大分生孢子表面平滑，由3-5个细胞组成，呈棒状，两端则为圆弧状，大小约为10-40乘6-12微米^[12]。

感染[编辑]

絮状表皮癣菌是表皮癣菌属的两种真菌中唯一会对人类造成感染的，宿主可为人类、野生动物或宠物，但偏好人类^[13] 。可对皮肤与指甲造成感染，造成足癣、体癣（英语：tinea corporis）、股癣或甲癣，可透过接触性感染，特别是在体育馆或澡堂中。絮状表皮癣菌的感染可透过浸泡肥皂水或适当的抗真菌剂（发癣退或咪唑）治疗^[13]。絮状表皮癣菌可在人类与松鼠间交互传染^[14]。

絮状表皮癣菌通常只能感染角质组织，而没有感染活组织的能力^[12]，但有研究指出絮状表皮癣菌感染了一名免疫失调的贝赛特氏症患者，且造成了侵入性感染^[15]。

参考资料[编辑]

^ Epidermophyton floccosum. Mycology Online. [2010-05-22]. （原始内容存档于2010-05-25）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rippon, John Willard. Medical mycology : the pathogenic fungi and the pathogenic actinomycetes 3rd. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. 1988. ISBN 978-0721624440. OCLC 16712232.
^ Fungal infections. Diamond, Richard D., 1942-. Philadelphia: Current Medicine. 2000. ISBN 978-1573401364. OCLC 42862084.
^ Molecular detection of human fungal pathogens. Liu, Dongyou. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 2011: 421–422. ISBN 9781439812419. OCLC 783848203.
^ Standards., National Committee for Clinical Laboratory. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of conidium-forming filamentous fungi : proposed standard. Pfaller, Michael A. Wayne, Pa.: NCCLS. 1998. ISBN 9781562383558. OCLC 244296519.
^ Manual of clinical microbiology. Murray, Patrick R., Baron, Ellen Jo., American Society for Microbiology. 8th. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. 2003. ISBN 978-1555812553. OCLC 50035668.
^ Biology of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi. Kushwaha, Rajendra K. S., Guarro Artigas, Josep. Bilbao: Revista Iberoamericana de Micología. 2000: 17–21, 30–43. ISBN 978-8460707110. OCLC 807784068.
^ Laboratory handbook of dermatophytes : a clinical guide and laboratory handbook of dermatophytes and other filamentous fungi from skin, hair, and nails. Kane, Julius, 1924-. Belmont, CA: Star Pub. 1997. ISBN 978-0898631579. OCLC 37116438.
^ Harz OC. Einige neue Hyphomyceten Berlin's and Wien's nebst Beiträgen zur Systematik derselben. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. 1870, 44: 87–147 （德语）.
^ Ota M, Langeron M. Nouvelle classification des Dermatophytes. Annals of Parasitology. 1923, 1: 305–306 （法语）.
^ Tomiyasu Yamada and Yoshinori Nozawa, T. An unusual lipid in the human pathogenic fungus Epidermophyton floccosum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 1979-09-28, 574 (3): 433–439 [2010-05-22]. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(79)90239-X. （原始内容存档于2019-03-08）.
^ ^12.0 ^12.1 Epidermophyton. QurNail. [2010-05-22]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-15）.
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 Infectious Diseases: Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp.. MSD Online. [2010-05-22]. （原始内容存档于2009-07-18）.
^ Hosseininejad, M.; Ebrahimi, A.; Hosseini, F. Isolation of Epidermophyton floccosum from a Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus). Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2009, 19 (2): 215–216 [2010-05-22]. doi:10.1007/s00580-009-0829-4. ^{[永久失效链接]}
^ Seddon, ME; Thomas, MG. Invasive disease due to Epidermophyton floccosum in an immunocompromised patient with Behçet's syndrome.. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 1997, 25 (1): 153–4. PMID 9243051.

[1] Epidermophyton floccosum. Mycology Online. [2010-05-22]. （原始内容存档于2010-05-25）.

[Rippon1988-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Rippon, John Willard. Medical mycology : the pathogenic fungi and the pathogenic actinomycetes 3rd. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. 1988. ISBN 978-0721624440. OCLC 16712232.

[Diamond2000-3] Fungal infections. Diamond, Richard D., 1942-. Philadelphia: Current Medicine. 2000. ISBN 978-1573401364. OCLC 42862084.

[Liu2011-4] Molecular detection of human fungal pathogens. Liu, Dongyou. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 2011: 421–422. ISBN 9781439812419. OCLC 783848203.

[Pfaller1998-5] Standards., National Committee for Clinical Laboratory. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of conidium-forming filamentous fungi : proposed standard. Pfaller, Michael A. Wayne, Pa.: NCCLS. 1998. ISBN 9781562383558. OCLC 244296519.

[Murray2003-6] Manual of clinical microbiology. Murray, Patrick R., Baron, Ellen Jo., American Society for Microbiology. 8th. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. 2003. ISBN 978-1555812553. OCLC 50035668.

[Kushwaha2000-7] Biology of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi. Kushwaha, Rajendra K. S., Guarro Artigas, Josep. Bilbao: Revista Iberoamericana de Micología. 2000: 17–21, 30–43. ISBN 978-8460707110. OCLC 807784068.

[Kane1997-8] Laboratory handbook of dermatophytes : a clinical guide and laboratory handbook of dermatophytes and other filamentous fungi from skin, hair, and nails. Kane, Julius, 1924-. Belmont, CA: Star Pub. 1997. ISBN 978-0898631579. OCLC 37116438.

[9] Harz OC. Einige neue Hyphomyceten Berlin's and Wien's nebst Beiträgen zur Systematik derselben. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. 1870, 44: 87–147 （德语）.

[10] Ota M, Langeron M. Nouvelle classification des Dermatophytes. Annals of Parasitology. 1923, 1: 305–306 （法语）.

[11] Tomiyasu Yamada and Yoshinori Nozawa, T. An unusual lipid in the human pathogenic fungus Epidermophyton floccosum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 1979-09-28, 574 (3): 433–439 [2010-05-22]. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(79)90239-X. （原始内容存档于2019-03-08）.

[Nail-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Epidermophyton. QurNail. [2010-05-22]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-15）.

[MSD-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Infectious Diseases: Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp.. MSD Online. [2010-05-22]. （原始内容存档于2009-07-18）.

[14] Hosseininejad, M.; Ebrahimi, A.; Hosseini, F. Isolation of Epidermophyton floccosum from a Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus). Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2009, 19 (2): 215–216 [2010-05-22]. doi:10.1007/s00580-009-0829-4. ^{[永久失效链接]}

[15] Seddon, ME; Thomas, MG. Invasive disease due to Epidermophyton floccosum in an immunocompromised patient with Behçet's syndrome.. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 1997, 25 (1): 153–4. PMID 9243051.

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