勞亞獸總目
外观
勞亞獸總目 | |
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科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
下纲: | 真獸下綱 Eutheria |
演化支: | 有胎盤類 Placentalia |
高目: | 北方真兽高目 Boreoeutheria |
总目: | 勞亞獸總目 Laurasiatheria Waddell et al., 1999[3] |
主要分支 | |
勞亞獸總目(學名:Laurasiatheria)是通过分析对比DNA序列及反转录转座子标记而成立的一个哺乳动物演化支,隶属有胎盤類下的北方真兽高目,现存种类包括鼩鼱、刺猬、蝙蝠、穿山甲、食肉目、奇蹄动物、偶蹄动物和鯨類等[3],为哺乳纲中最大的總目级单位。“劳亚兽”一词是指此类哺乳动物起源于9100[2]—7600[1]万年前北半球的劳亚大陆,并在劳亚大陆演化扩散[3]。
系统发生
[编辑]根据分子遺傳學的研究结果,劳亚兽总目和其他真獸類的亲缘关系可能如下:
真獸下綱 |
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Eutheria |
根据大部分学者认可的猛兽有蹄类学说,劳亚兽总目内部的演化关系可能如下(基於线粒体 DNA、核 DNA 與蛋白质特徵構建):[2][4][5]
北方真兽高目 |
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Boreoeutheria |
下级分类
[编辑]- 劳亚兽总目 Laurasiatheria(符号 † 表示已灭绝,? 表示存在疑问)
參考文献
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 dos Reis, Mario; Inoue, Jun; Hasegawa, Masami; Asher, Robert J.; Donoghue, Philip C. J. & Yang, Ziheng. Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2012, 279 (1742): 3491–3500. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3396900 . PMID 22628470. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0683.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Zhou, Xuming; Xu, Shixia; Xu, Junxiao; Chen, Bingyao; Zhou, Kaiya & Yang, Guang. Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Interordinal Relationships and Rapid Diversification of the Laurasiatherian Mammals. Systematic Biology. 2011, 61 (1): 150–164. PMC 3243735 . PMID 21900649. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syr089.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Waddell, Peter J.; Okada, Norihiro & Hasegawa, Masami. Towards Resolving the Interordinal Relationships of Placental Mammals. Systematic Biology. 1999, 48 (1): 1–5. PMID 12078634. doi:10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1.
- ^ Tsagkogeorga, G; Parker, J.; Stupka, E.; Cotton, J.A. & Rossiter, S.J. Phylogenomic analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of bats. Current Biology. 2013, 23 (22): 2262–2267. PMID 24184098. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.014 .
- ^ Morgan, C.C.; Foster, P.G.; Webb, A.E.; Pisani, D.; McInerney, J.O. & O'Connell, M.J. Heterogeneous models place the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2013, 30 (9): 2145–2256. PMC 3748356 . PMID 23813979. doi:10.1093/molbev/mst117.
- ^ 孟津, 王元青, 李传夔. 中国古脊椎动物志: 第三卷–基干下孔类· 哺乳类: 第二册 (总第十五册)–原始哺乳类. 北京: 科学出版社. 2015. ISBN 978-7-03-046741-6.
延伸阅读
[编辑]- Churakov, G.; Kriegs, J. O.; Baertsch, R.; Zemann, A.; Brosius, J. R. & Schmitz, J. R. Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals. Genome Research. 2009, 19 (5): 868–875. PMC 2675975 . PMID 19261842. doi:10.1101/gr.090647.108.
- Goloboff, Pablo A.; Catalano, Santiago A.; Mirande, J. Marcos; Szumik, Claudia A.; Arias, J. Salvador; Källersjö, Mari & Farris, James S. Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups. Cladistics. 2009, 25 (3): 211–230. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x.
- Kitazoe, Yasuhiro; Kishino, Hirohisa; Waddell, Peter J.; Nakajima, Noriaki; Okabayashi, Takahisa; Watabe, Teruaki & Okuhara, Yoshiyasu. Hahn, Matthew , 编. Robust Time Estimation Reconciles Views of the Antiquity of Placental Mammals. PLoS ONE. 2007, 2 (4): e384. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..384K. PMC 1849890 . PMID 17440620. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000384.
- Kriegs, Jan Ole; Churakov, Gennady; Kiefmann, Martin; Jordan, Ursula; Brosius, Jürgen & Schmitz, Jürgen. Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals. PLoS Biology. 2006, 4 (4): e91. PMC 1395351 . PMID 16515367. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040091.
- Murphy, William J.; Eizirik, Eduardo; O'Brien, Stephen J.; Madsen, Ole; Scally, Mark; Douady, Christophe J.; Teeling, Emma; Ryder, Oliver A.; Stanhope, Michael J.; de Jong, Wilfried W. & Springer, Mark S. Resolution of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics. Science. 2001, 294 (5550): 2348–2351. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2348M. PMID 11743200. doi:10.1126/science.1067179.
- Nikolaev, Sergey; Montoya-Burgos, Juan I.; Margulies, Elliott H.; NISC Comparative Sequencing Program; Rougemont, Jacques; Nyffeler, Bruno & Antonarakis, Stylianos E. Early History of Mammals is Elucidated with the ENCODE Multiple Species Sequencing Data. PLoS Genetics. 2007, 3 (1): e2. PMC 1761045 . PMID 17206863. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030002.
- Springer, Mark S.; Murphy, William J.; Eizirik, Eduardo & O'Brien, Stephen J. Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2003, 100 (3): 1056–1061. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.1056S. PMC 298725 . PMID 12552136. doi:10.1073/pnas.0334222100.
- Waddell, Peter J.; Kishino, Hirohisa & Ota, Rissa. A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics. Genome Informatics. 2001, 12: 141–154 [2020-09-17]. PMID 11791233. (原始内容存档于2019-07-10).
- Wildman, Derek E.; Chen, Caoyi; Erez, Offer; Grossman, Lawrence I.; Goodman, Morris & Romero, Roberto. Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006, 103 (9): 3203–3208. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.3203W. PMC 1413940 . PMID 16492730. doi:10.1073/pnas.0511344103.