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空降兵

维基百科，自由的百科全书

空降

军事跳伞或滑翔前运人员或物资的形式。

用途

提供人员，设备或耗材。

起源

起源于1927年11月意大利部队。

空降兵（英语：Airborne forces）属于军事单位，早期为轻装步兵，近年分演为“伞降兵”、“机降兵（英语：Glider infantry）”、“空中突击兵”3种。其部队运动通常采用运输机等航空器进行“空投”来战斗。因此，他们可以投入敌后，有能力在几乎任何地方进行部署。二战直到现在空降兵仍然具有高度风险，空降部队的编队辎重往往是有限的，只能经由他们的航空器进行运输，难以汇集足够持续的军力，因此主要的优势在于情报得利之“在几分钟内突然冒出的数量和大小”，否则一旦没配合好就会遭遇重大损失，欧美称为“垂直包围行动”（英语：vertical envelopment）。[1][2]

一般

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空降兵运用概分为3类：

空降的基本前提是，他们可以快速抵达，不能快速部署一个连贯的防御。据推测，这种战术上的优势不能持续很长，所以伞兵必须善用敌人的资材，不断通过空中补给或等待地面部队以得到支援。[7]虽然空降兵在运输过程中通常手无寸铁，但是，他们的突然出现带给守卫部队一瞬间“惊奇”或“冲击”。[4]

空降兵一般（早期）都是由步兵、轻量、非装甲车辆（例如吉普车、悍马车等高机动车）和枪支及迫击炮组成。在第二次世界大战中，伞兵使用了轻型摩托车，如美军Cushman 公司（英语：Cushman (company)）53型速克达（G683）和英军威尔单兵摩托车。

朝鲜战争结束后，轻重量车辆能够通过降落伞空降开始研发，例如M-551谢里登轻型坦克。苏联开发BMD-1步兵战车和BMD-3步兵战车。直升机可以运输轻型装甲车，例如德国鼬鼠装甲车、美军LAV-25装甲车和英国的CVR (T)（英语：Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked)）等。以及，大型运输机可供运输少量主战坦克或较笨重的步兵战车。

许多空降重武器例如坦克，吉普车担心落地时摔坏，尤考验单位事前准备

战争史

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相关影视剧作

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参考文献

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引用

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  1. ^ 存档副本. [2023-10-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-04）. 
  2. ^ https://www.163.com/dy/article/IH3BH2BS054399GE.html
  3. ^ Reproduced in Blunt, Victor, The User of Air Power. Military Service Publishing Company; Harrisburg, 1943: pp.v-ix.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 徳永悦太郎「日本陸海軍空挺部隊かく戦えり」『丸』エキストラ版41集、潮書房、1975年、226頁以下
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2015-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-15）. ，2004-04-16
  6. ^ 第肆章中共特种作战部队组建与发展 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）pdf高甯松 著作 - 2004
  7. ^ 高橋慶史『続ラスト・オブ・カンプフグルッペ』大日本絵画、2005年、8～9頁
  8. ^ 瓦勒尔镇（Varel），中文译名参考自酒店 Varel. World of hotels. [2013-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-23）. 

来源

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  • Reproduced in Blunt, Victor, The User of Air Power. Military Service Publishing Company; Harrisburg, 1943: pp.v-ix.
  • 徳永悦太郎「日本陸海軍空挺部隊かく戦えり」『丸』エキストラ版41集、潮書房、1975年、226頁以下。
  • 高橋慶史『続ラスト・オブ・カンプフグルッペ』大日本絵画、2005年、8～9頁。
  • Hastings, Max, Armageddon – The Battle For Germany 1944–45, Macmillan, 2004
  • L, Klemen. Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942. 1999–2000 [2013-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-26）. 
  • Ambrose, Stephen E., Pegasus Bridge. Pocket Books, 2003
  • Ambrose, Stephen E., Band of Brothers. Pocket Books, 2001
  • Arthur, Max, Forgotten Voices Of The Second World War. Edbury Press, 2005
  • Balkoski, Joseph, Utah Beach: The Amphibious Landing and Airborne Operations on D-Day, June 6, 1944. Stackpole Books US, 2006
  • Bando, Mark A., 101st Airborne: The Screaming Eagles at Normandy. Motorbooks International, 2001
  • Blair, Clay, Ridgway’s Paratroopers – The American Airborne In World War II. The Dial Press, 1985
  • Buckingham, William F., Arnhem 1944. Tempus Publishing Limited, 2004
  • Buckingham, William F., D-Day – The First 72 Hours. Tempus Publishing Limited, 2004
  • Calvocoressi, Peter, The Penguin History of the Second World War, Penguin Books Ltd, 1999
  • Department Of The Army, Pamphlet No. 20-232, Historical Study – Airborne Operations – A German Appraisal, 1951, Department Of The Army
  • Devlin, Gerard M., Paratrooper – The Saga Of Parachute And Glider Combat Troops During World War II, Robson Books, 1979
  • Dover, Victor, The Sky Generals, Cassell Ltd, 1981
  • Flanagan, E.M. Jr., Airborne – A Combat History Of American Airborne Forces, The Random House Publishing Group, 2002
  • Flint, Keith, Airborne Armour: Tetrarch, Locust, Hamilcar and the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment, 1938–50, Helion & Company, 2004
  • French, David, Raising Churchill’s Army – The British Army And The War Against Germany 1919–1945, Oxford University Press, 2000
  • Frost, John, A Drop Too Many, Leo Cooper Ltd, 1994
  • Gregory, Barry, British Airborne Troops, Macdonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd, 1974
  • Harclerode, Peter, Arnhem – A Tragedy Of Errors, Caxton Editions, 2000
  • Harclerode, Peter, Para! – Fifty Years Of The Parachute Regiment, Orion Books Ltd, 1996
  • Harclerode, Peter, Wings Of War – Airborne Warfare 1918–1945, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005
  • Hastings, Max, Overlord, Pan Books, 1999
  • Hibbert, Christopher,‘Arnhem, B.T. Batsford Ltd, 1998
  • Horrocks, Brian, A Full Life, Collins, 1960
  • Huston, James A., Out Of The Blue – U.S Army Airborne Operations In World War II, Purdue University Press, 1998
  • Jewell, Brian, ”Over The Rhine” – The Last Days Of War In Europe, Spellmount Ltd, 1985
  • Keegan, John, The Second World War, Pimlico, 1997
  • Kershaw, Robert J., It Never Snows In September – The German View Of MARKET-GARDEN And The Battle Of Arnhem, September 1944, Ian Allan Publishing Ltd, 2004
  • Koskimaki, George E., D-Day With The Screaming Eagles, Presidio Press, 2002
  • Koskimaki, George E., Hell’s Highway – A Chronicle Of The 101st Airborne In The Holland Campaign, September–November 1944, Presidio Press, 2007
  • Jones, Robert, The History of the 101st Airborne Division, Turner Publishing Company, 2005
  • Middlebrook, Martin, Arnhem 1944 – The Airborne Battle, Penguin Books, 1995
  • Ministry Of Information, By Air To Battle – The Official Account Of The British Airborne Divisions, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1945
  • Nordyke, Phil, All American, All the Way: The Combat History Of The 82nd Airborne Division In World War II, Motorbooks International, 2005
  • Nordyke, Phil, Four Stars of Valour: The Combat History of the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment in World War II, Motorbooks, 2006
  • Norton, G.G., The Red Devils – The Story Of The British Airborne Forces, Pan Books Ltd, 1973
  • Otway, T.B.H, Airborne Forces, Adlib Books, 1990
  • Rawson, Andrew, The Rhine Crossing – 9th US Army & 17th US Airborne, Pen & Sword Military, 2006
  • Ryan, Cornelius, A Bridge Too Far, Coronet Books, 1984
  • Saunders, Hilary St. George, The Red Beret – The Story Of The Parachute Regiment 1940–1945, Michael Joseph Ltd, 1954
  • Saunders, Tim, Operation Plunder – The British & Canadian Rhine Crossing, Pen & Sword Military, 2006
  • Tanase, Mircea, The airborne troops during the World War II, Military Publishing House Romania, 2006
  • Tugwell, Maurice, Airborne To Battle – A History Of Airborne Warfare 1918–1971, William Kimber & Co Ltd, 1971
  • Urquhart, R.E., Arnhem, Pan Books, 1960
  • Weeks, John, Assault From The Sky – The History Of Airborne Warfare, David & Charles Publisher plc, 1988
  • Whiting, Charles, American Eagles – The 101st Airborne’s Assault On Fortress Europe 1944/45, Eskdale Publishing, 2001
  • Whiting, Charles, "Bounce The Rhine" – The Greatest Airborne Operation In History, Grafton Books, 1987
  • Whiting, Charles Slaughter Over Sicily, Leo Cooper, 1992

参见

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检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=空降部隊&oldid=82347514”