纳粹党和德意志国防军的关系

纳粹党和德意志国防军的关系，是指1935年至1945年间，德意志国防军与德国执政党纳粹党之间的关系，为历史学界广泛进行争论的议题。

由希特勒领导的纳粹党取得政权后，他们企图掌控国家与社会的各个层面，其中也包括了军队。从历史而言，德意志国防军在行动方面拥有很大的自主权，但这种自主权在之后逐渐被削弱，直到完全受到纳粹党的控制。

第二次世界大战后，许多前纳粹分子否认了德意志国防军所犯下的战争罪行（英语：War crimes of the Wehrmacht），并淡化纳粹大屠杀的责任，人们将其称为“国防军无罪论”。

第二次世界大战[编辑]

策划东方种族的灭绝战争[编辑]

1939年8月22日，希特勒和所有高级军事将领所开的一次会议上，他非常明确地表明，即将到来的波兰战争将是一场“灭绝战争”，在这场战争的计划中表达了希特勒的意图“毫不怜悯地杀死所有波兰的男人、女人和儿童”^[1]。

参见[编辑]

参考文献[编辑]

^ 惠勒- Bennett，第448页.

Bartov, Omer. Soldiers, Nazis and War in the Third Reich. Leitz, Christian (编). The Third Reich: The Essential Readings. London: Blackwell. 1999: 129–150. ISBN 978-0-631-20700-9.
Bartov, Omer. The Eastern Front, 1941–45: German Troops and the Barbarisation of Warfare. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1986. ISBN 978-0-312-22486-8.
Bergen, Doris. 'Germany Is Our Mission: Christ Is Our Strength!' The Wehrmacht Chaplaincy and the 'German Christian' Movement. Church History. September 1997, 66 (3): 522–536. JSTOR 3169455. S2CID 162590377. doi:10.2307/3169455.
Bergen, Doris. Between God and Hitler: German Military Chaplains and the Crimes of the Third Reich. Bartov, Omer; Mack, Phyllis (编). In God's Name: Genocide and Religion in the Twentieth Century. New York: Berghahn Books. 2001: 123–138. ISBN 978-1-57181-302-2.
Evans, Richard J. In Hitler's Shadow West German Historians and the Attempt to Escape the Nazi Past. New York: Pantheon. 1989. ISBN 978-0-394-57686-2.
Förster, Jürgen. The Wehrmacht and the War of Extermination Against the Soviet Union. Marrus, Michael (编). The Nazi Holocaust Part 3 The "Final Solution": The Implementation of Mass Murder 2. Westpoint: Meckler Press. 1989: 494–520. ISBN 978-0-88736-255-2.
Förster, Jürgen. Complicity or Entanglement? The Wehrmacht, the War and the Holocaust. Berenbaum, Michael; Peck, Abraham (编). The Holocaust and History The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed and the Reexamiend. Bloomington: Indian University Press. 1998: 266–283. ISBN 978-0-253-33374-2.
Förster, Jürgen. The German Military's Image of Russia. Erickson, Ljubica; Erickson, Mark (编). Russia War, Peace and Diplomacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2004: 117–129. ISBN 978-0-297-84913-1. OCLC 61216956.
Geyer, Michael. Etudes in Political History: Reichswehr, NSDAP and the Seizure of Power. Stachura, Peter (编). The Nazi Machtergreifung. London: Allen & Unwin. 1983: 101–123. ISBN 978-0-04-943026-6.
Goda, Norman. Black Marks: Hitler's Bribery of his Senior Officers During World War II. Kreike, Emmanuel; Jordan, William Chester (编). Corrupt Histories. Toronto: Hushion House. 2005: 96–137. ISBN 978-1-58046-173-3. Originally published as: Goda, Norman. Black Marks: Hitler's Bribery of his Senior Officers During World War II. The Journal of Modern History. June 2000, 72 (2): 413–452. S2CID 154044694. doi:10.1086/315994.
Kitterman, David. The Justice of the Wehrmacht Legal System: Servant or Opponent of National Socialism?. Central European History. 1991, 24 (4): 450–469. S2CID 145129075. doi:10.1017/S0008938900019269.
Kolb, Eberhard. The Weimar Republic. London: Routledge. 2005.
May, Ernest. Strange Victory, Hitler's victory over France, 1940. New York: Hill & Wang. 2000.
Murray, Williamson; Millet, Alan. A War To Be Won. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2000. ISBN 9780674001633.
Neitzel, Söhnke; Welzer, Harald. Soldaten: On Fighting, Killing and Dying: The Secret Second World War Tapes of German POWs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 2012. ISBN 978-1-84983-948-8. .
Shirer, William. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1960.
Weinberg, Gerhard. A World In Arms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-674-00163-3.
Wheeler-Bennett, John. The Nemesis of Power The German Army in Politics 1918–1945. London: Macmillan. 1967. ISBN 978-1-4039-1812-3.

进一步阅读[编辑]

Sait, Bryce. The Indoctrination of the Wehrmacht: Nazi Ideology and the War Crimes of the German Military. Berghahn Books. 2019. ISBN 978-1-78920-150-5 （英语）.

[FOOTNOTE惠勒-_Bennett448-1] 惠勒- Bennett，第448页.

[1]