十字花科

十字花科
二月兰Orychophragmus violaceus
科學分類
域： 真核域 Eukarya 界： 植物界 Plantae 門： 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta 綱： 雙子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida 目： 十字花目 Brassicales 科： 十字花科 Brassicaceae

油菜田

十字花科，學名Brassicaceae，曾名Cruciferae，是植物中最繁盛的科之一。有许多种人类食用的蔬菜出自本科，大约共有388個属，约3000餘种，原产自北半球温带地区，现已被引种到世界各地。中国原产85属约360餘种，另引种7属20餘种。由於十字花科的種屬繁多，現除了大中華地區原產的品種以外，其他的種屬有不少到現在還未有中文譯名，包括不少新擬定的種屬。

特征

• 主要特征
  • 茎和叶：草本，常具辛辣味。单叶，基生叶常呈莲座状，茎生叶互生，无托叶。
  • 花：*K₂₊₂C₂₊₂A₂₊₄G_(2:1)。总状花序。十字花冠，四强雄蕊，蜜腺生于花萼上，常与萼片对生。子房1室，被假隔膜分为假2室，横切面上有2个侧膜胎座。
  • 果实和种子：角果（长角果和短角果）。种子无胚乳，胚弯曲。

• 代表植物
  • 油菜（Brassica campestris L.）
  • 荠菜（Capsella bursa - pastoris (L.) Medic.）
  • 蘿蔔（Raphanus sativus）
  • 西洋菜
  • 花椰菜

分類

以下各屬依其拉丁名字順序排列：

A

Acanthocardamum; Aethionema; Agallis; Alliaria; Alyssoides; Alysopsis; 庭薺屬 (Alyssum) - Ammosperma; 含生草属(Anastatica); Anchonium; Andrzeiowskia; Anelsonia; Aphragmus; Aplanodes; Arabidella; 鼠耳芥屬 (Arabidopsis) - 南芥属 (Arabis) - Arcyosperma; 辣根屬 (Armoracia) - Aschersoniodoxa; Asperuginoides; Asta; Atelanthera; Athysanus; Aubrieta; Aurinia;

B

Ballantinia; 山芥菜屬 (Barbarea) - Beringia; Berteroa; Berteroella; Biscutella; Bivonaea; Blennodia; Boleum; Boreava; Bornmuellera; Borodinia; Botscantzevia; Brachycarpaea; 蕓薹屬 (Brassica) - Braya; Brayopsis; Brossardia; Bunias;

C

Cakile; Calepina; Calymmatium; 亞麻薺屬 (Camelina) - Camelinopsis; 薺菜屬 (Capsella) - Cardamine; Cardaminopsis; Cardaria; Carinavalva; Carrichtera; Catadysia; Catenulina; Caulanthus; Caulostramina; Ceratocnemum; Ceriosperma; Chalcanthus; Chamira; Chartoloma; Cheesemania; Cheiranthus; Chlorocrambe; Chorispora; Christolea; Chrysobraya; Chrysochamela; Cithareloma; Clastopus; 香芥屬 (Clausia) - Clypeola; Cochlearia; Coelonema; Coincya; Coluteocarpus; Conringia; Cordylocarpus; Coronopus; Crambe; Crambella; Cremolobus; Crucihimalaya; Cryptospora; Cuphonotus; Cusickiella; Cycloptychis; Cymatocarpus; Cyphocardamum;

D

Dactylocardamum; Degenia; Delpinophytum; Descurainia; Diceratella; Dichasianthus; Dictyophragmus; Didesmus; Didymophysa; Dielsiocharis; Dilophia; Dimorphocarpa; Diplotaxis; Dipoma; Diptychocarpus; Dithyrea; Dolichirhynchus; Dontostemon; Douepea; Draba; Drabastrum; Drabopsis; Dryopetalon;

E

Eigia; Elburzia; Enarthrocarpus; Englerocharis; Eremobium; Eremoblastus; Eremodraba; Eremophyton; Ermania; Ermaniopsis; Erophila; Eruca; Erucaria; Erucastrum; Erysimum; Euclidium; Eudema; Eutrema; Euzomodendron;

F

Farsetia; Fezia; Fibigia; Foleyola; Fortuynia;

G

Galitzkya; Geococcus; Glaribraya; Glastaria; Glaucocarpum; Goldbachia; Gorodkovia; Graellsia; Grammosperma; Guillenia; Guiraoa; Gynophorea;

H

Halimolobos; Harmsiodoxa; Hedinia; Heldreichia; Heliophila; Hemicrambe; Hemilophia; Hesperis; Heterodraba; Hirschfeldia; Hollermayera; Hormathophylla; Hornungia; Hornwoodia; Hugueninia; Hymenolobus;

I

Ianhedgea; Iberis; Idahoa; Iodanthus; Ionopsidium; Irenepharsus; Isatis; Ischnocarpus; Iskandera; 湖生芥屬 (Iti) - 依瓦芥屬 (Ivania) -

K

Kernera; Kremeriella;

L

Lachnocapsa; Lachnoloma; Leavenworthia; 獨行菜屬 (Lepidium) - Lepidostemon; Leptaleum; Lesquerella; Lignariella; Lithodraba; Lobularia; Lonchophora; Loxostemon; Lunaria; Lyocarpus; Lyrocarpa;

M

Macropodium; Malcolmia; Mancoa; Maresia; Mathewsia; 紫羅蘭屬 Matthiola; Megacarpaea; Megadenia; Menkea; Menonvillea; Microlepidium; Microsysymbrium; Microstigma; Morettia; Moricandia; Moriera; Morisia; Murbeckiella; Muricaria; Myagrum;

N

Nasturtiopsis; 豆瓣菜屬 (Nasturtium) - Neomartinella; Neotchihatchewia; Neotorularia; Nerisyrenia; Neslia; Neuontobotrys; Notoceras; Notothlaspi;

O

Ochthodium; Octoceras; Olimarabidopsis; Onuris; Oreoloma; Oreophyton; Ornithocarpa; Orychophragmus; Otocarpus; Oudneya;

P

Pachycladon; Pachymitus; Pachyphragma; Pachypterygium; Parlatoria; Parodiodoxa; Parolinia; Parrya; Parryodes; Pegaeophyton; Peltaria; Peltariopsis; Pennellia; Petiniotia; Petrocallis; Phaeonychium; Phlebolobium; Phlegmatospermum; Phoenicaulis; Physaria; Physocardamum; Physoptychis; Physorrhynchus; Platycraspedum; Polyctenium; Polypsecadium; Pringlea; Prionotrichon; Pritzelago; Pseuderucaria; 假鼠耳芥屬 (Pseudoarabidopsis) - 假亞麻薺屬 (Pseudocamelina) - 假香芥屬 (Pseudoclausia) - Pseudofortuynia; Pseudovesicaria; Psychine; Pterygiosperma; Pterygostemon; Pugionium; Pycnoplinthopsis; Pycnoplinthus; Pyramidium;

Q

Quezeliantha; Quidproquo;

R

Raffenaldia; Raphanorhyncha; 蘿蔔屬 (Raphanus) - Rapistrum; Reboudia; Redowskia; Rhizobotrya; Ricotia; Robeschia; Rollinsia; Romanschulzia; Roripella; 葶藶屬 (Rorippa) - Rytidocarpus;

S

Sameraria; Sarcodraba; Savignya; Scambopus; Schimpera; Schivereckia; Schizopetalon; Schlechteria; Schoenocrambe; Schouwia; Scoliaxon; Selenia; Sibara; Silicularia; Sinapidendron; Sinapis; Sisymbrella; Sisymbriopsis; Sisymbrium; Smelowskia; Sobolewslia; Sohms-Laubachia; Sophiopsis; Sphaerocardamum; Spirorhynchus; Spryginia; Staintoniella; Stanfordia; Stanleya; Stenopetalum; Sterigmostemum; Stevenia; Straussiella; Streptanthella; Streptanthus; Streptoloma; Stroganowia; Stubebdorffia; Subularia; Succowia; Synstemon; Synthlipsis;

T

Taphrospermum; Tauscheria; Teesdalia; Teesdaliopsis; Tetracme; Thelypodiopsis; Thelypodium; Thlaspeocarpa; Thlaspi; Thysanocarpus; Trachystoma; Trichotolinum; Trochiscus; Tropidocarpum; Turritis;

V

Vella;

W

Warea; Wasabia; Weberbauera; Werdermannia; Winklera;

X

Xerodraba;

Y

陰山薺屬 (Yinshania)

Z

Zerdana; Zilla

外部链接

维基物种中的分类信息：

十字花科

• Brassicaceae in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Version 7, May 2006 [and more or less continuously updated since].
• Brassicaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. http://delta-intkey.com
• Brassicaceae at www.botany.hawaii.edu
• 十字花科 藥用植物圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) （繁體中文）