水猎龙属

短鰭水獵龍; 化石时期：中侏罗世，托阿尔阶 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	水猎龙的頭部骨骼照片
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行綱 Reptilia
目：	†蛇頸龍目 Plesiosauria
科：	†小鎖龍科 Microcleididae
属：	†水猎龙属 Hydrorion
种：	†短鰭水獵龍 H. brachypterygius
二名法
	†Hydrorion brachypterygius; Großmann, 2007
異名
	短鳍小锁龙 ; Microcleidus brachypterygius ; Urlichs et al.,1994; 短鳍蛇颈龙 ; Plesiosaurus brachypterygius ; (von Huene, 1923);

水獵龍（屬名：Hydrorion，由希臘文的水「Hydro」、和獵人的「orion」組成，意思為水的獵者）是蛇頸龍目的一個屬，生存於早侏羅紀托阿爾階。 ^[1]已知化石包括德國西南波西多尼亞頁岩（英语：Posidonia Shale）發現的數件標本。 ^[2]唯一種是短鰭水獵龍（Hydrorion brachypterygius），最初先後被描述為蛇頸龍及小鎖龍的一個種。^[1]^[3]水獵龍是種較小的蛇頸龍類，最大標本身長測為4米（13英尺）。^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

分類[编辑]

一開始理察·歐文於1839年提出編號為BRSMG Cb 2337的標本為蛇頸龍屬（Plesiosaurus）的新種－短鰭蛇頸龍（Plesiosaurus brachypterygius），理察·萊德克（Richard Lydekker）表示反對，他認為短鰭蛇頸龍屬於巨首蛇頸龍（Plesiosaurus macrocephalus，現在稱作巨首戰殤龍，Atychodracon megacephalus）的成年體。^[2]直到1923年，弗里德里希·冯·休尼（英语：Friedrich von Huene）（Friedrich von Huene）正式發表，認定短鰭蛇頸龍是獨立一個種。^[1]^[13]烏爾利希斯·M·懷爾德（Urlichs M Wild）於1994年，將此物種歸類為小鎖龍屬（Microcleidus），在此之後邁克爾·W·麥施（Michael W. Maisch）和馬丁·魯克林（Martin Rücklin）於2000年，再歸類為短鰭蛇頸龍。^[1]^[14]直到2007年，弗蘭齊斯卡·格羅斯曼（Franziska Großmann）創建新的屬，也就是水獵龍屬。^[1]

描述[编辑]

水猎龙的全身化石照片

水猎龙的全身復原圖

小鎖龍科（英语：Microcleididae）其他的物種^[15]和水獵龍的頭骨比起豪夫龙属（Hauffiosaurus）的還要短小。^[3]

参考资料[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Großmann, F. The taxonomic and phylogenetic position of the pleisiosauroidea from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia shale of south-west Germany. Palaeontology. 2007, 50 (3): 545–564. S2CID 130961209. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00654.x .
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vincent, Peggy; Benson, Roger B. J. Anningasaura, a basal plesiosaurian (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the Lower Jurassic of Lyme Regis, United Kingdom. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2012-09, 32 (5). ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.686467.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 BENSON, ROGER B. J.; KETCHUM, HILARY F.; NOÈ, LESLIE F.; GóMEZ‐PéREZ, MARCELA. New information on Hauffiosaurus (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) based on a new species from the Alum Shale Member (Lower Toarcian: Lower Jurassic) of Yorkshire, UK. Palaeontology. 2011-05, 54 (3). ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01044.x.
^ Peggy Vincent. A re-examination of Hauffiosaurus zanoni, a pliosauriod from the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) of Germany. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2011, 31 (2): 340–351. S2CID 84743241. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550352.
^ Evolution of Sauropterygian Swimming Mode and Flipper Functional Morphology - ProQuest. www.proquest.com. [2024-04-29] （英语）.
^ Smith, Adam Stuart. "Anatomy and systematics of the Rhomaleosauridae (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria)." (2007).
^ SMITH, ADAM. S.; VINCENT, PEGGY. A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany. Palaeontology. 2010-09-16, 53 (5). ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x.
^ Frey, Eberhard; Mulder, Eric W.A.; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Rivera-Sylva, Héctor E.; Padilla-Gutiérrez, José Manuel; González-González, Arturo Homero. A new polycotylid plesiosaur with extensive soft tissue preservation from the early Late Cretaceous of northeast Mexico (PDF). Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana. 2017, 69 (1). ISSN 1405-3322. doi:10.18268/bsgm2017v69n1a5.
^ Bardet, Nathalie; Fernández, Marta; Garciáa-Ramos, José Carlos; Suberbiola, Xabier Pereda; Piñuela, Laura; Ruiz-Omeñaca, José Ignacio; Vincent, Peggy. A juvenile plesiosaur from the Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) of Asturias, Spain (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2008-03-12, 28 (1). ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[258:ajpftp]2.0.co;2.
^ GROßMANN, FRANZISKA. THE TAXONOMIC AND PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF THE PLESIOSAUROIDEA FROM THE LOWER JURASSIC POSIDONIA SHALE OF SOUTH‐WEST GERMANY. Palaeontology. 2007-05, 50 (3). ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00654.x.
^ Liu, Shiqiu; Smith, Adam S.; Gu, Yuting; Tan, Jie; Liu, C. Karen; Turk, Greg. Computer Simulations Imply Forelimb-Dominated Underwater Flight in Plesiosaurs. PLOS Computational Biology. 2015-12-18, 11 (12). ISSN 1553-7358. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004605.
^ Liu, Shiqiu, et al. Osteological Redescription of the Skull of Microcleidus homalospondylus (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Lower Jurassic of England PLoS Computational Biology 11.12 (2015): e1004605.
^ F. v. Huene. Ein neuer Plesiosaurier aus dem oberen Lias Württembergs. Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg. 1923, 79: 3–23.
^ Maisch, Michael W.; Rücklin, Martin. Cranial osteology of the sauropterygian Plesiosaurus brachypterygius from the Lower Toarcian of Germany. Palaeontology. 2000-04, 43 (1). ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00117.
^ O'KEEFE, F. ROBIN. PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF A NEW PLESIOSAUR (REPTILIA: SAUROPTERYGIA) FROM THE TOARCIAN OF HOLZMADEN, GERMANY. Journal of Paleontology. 2004-09, 78 (5). ISSN 0022-3360. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078.

[Grossman2006-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Großmann, F. The taxonomic and phylogenetic position of the pleisiosauroidea from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia shale of south-west Germany. Palaeontology. 2007, 50 (3): 545–564. S2CID 130961209. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00654.x .

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vincent, Peggy; Benson, Roger B. J. Anningasaura, a basal plesiosaurian (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the Lower Jurassic of Lyme Regis, United Kingdom. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2012-09, 32 (5). ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.686467.

[:1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 BENSON, ROGER B. J.; KETCHUM, HILARY F.; NOÈ, LESLIE F.; GóMEZ‐PéREZ, MARCELA. New information on Hauffiosaurus (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) based on a new species from the Alum Shale Member (Lower Toarcian: Lower Jurassic) of Yorkshire, UK. Palaeontology. 2011-05, 54 (3). ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01044.x.

[4] Peggy Vincent. A re-examination of Hauffiosaurus zanoni, a pliosauriod from the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) of Germany. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2011, 31 (2): 340–351. S2CID 84743241. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550352.

[5] Evolution of Sauropterygian Swimming Mode and Flipper Functional Morphology - ProQuest. www.proquest.com. [2024-04-29] （英语）.

[6] Smith, Adam Stuart. "Anatomy and systematics of the Rhomaleosauridae (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria)." (2007).

[7] SMITH, ADAM. S.; VINCENT, PEGGY. A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany. Palaeontology. 2010-09-16, 53 (5). ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x.

[8] Frey, Eberhard; Mulder, Eric W.A.; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Rivera-Sylva, Héctor E.; Padilla-Gutiérrez, José Manuel; González-González, Arturo Homero. A new polycotylid plesiosaur with extensive soft tissue preservation from the early Late Cretaceous of northeast Mexico (PDF). Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana. 2017, 69 (1). ISSN 1405-3322. doi:10.18268/bsgm2017v69n1a5.

[9] Bardet, Nathalie; Fernández, Marta; Garciáa-Ramos, José Carlos; Suberbiola, Xabier Pereda; Piñuela, Laura; Ruiz-Omeñaca, José Ignacio; Vincent, Peggy. A juvenile plesiosaur from the Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) of Asturias, Spain (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2008-03-12, 28 (1). ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[258:ajpftp]2.0.co;2.

[10] GROßMANN, FRANZISKA. THE TAXONOMIC AND PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF THE PLESIOSAUROIDEA FROM THE LOWER JURASSIC POSIDONIA SHALE OF SOUTH‐WEST GERMANY. Palaeontology. 2007-05, 50 (3). ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00654.x.

[11] Liu, Shiqiu; Smith, Adam S.; Gu, Yuting; Tan, Jie; Liu, C. Karen; Turk, Greg. Computer Simulations Imply Forelimb-Dominated Underwater Flight in Plesiosaurs. PLOS Computational Biology. 2015-12-18, 11 (12). ISSN 1553-7358. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004605.

[12] Liu, Shiqiu, et al. Osteological Redescription of the Skull of Microcleidus homalospondylus (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Lower Jurassic of England PLoS Computational Biology 11.12 (2015): e1004605.

[13] F. v. Huene. Ein neuer Plesiosaurier aus dem oberen Lias Württembergs. Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg. 1923, 79: 3–23.

[14] Maisch, Michael W.; Rücklin, Martin. Cranial osteology of the sauropterygian Plesiosaurus brachypterygius from the Lower Toarcian of Germany. Palaeontology. 2000-04, 43 (1). ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00117.

[15] O'KEEFE, F. ROBIN. PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF A NEW PLESIOSAUR (REPTILIA: SAUROPTERYGIA) FROM THE TOARCIAN OF HOLZMADEN, GERMANY. Journal of Paleontology. 2004-09, 78 (5). ISSN 0022-3360. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]