无教派穆斯林

无教派穆斯林^[1]是指不属于一个明确伊斯兰教派的穆斯林。^[2]无教派穆斯林可以指向《古兰经》仪姆兰的家属（英语：Al Imran）第103节来捍卫这一立场，即要求穆斯林保持团结不要分离。^[3]在各种调查中，当问及其属于哪个教派时，这些穆斯林通常会自我认定为“只是一个穆斯林”。^[4]^[5]在获得明确的解释之前，这些穆斯林会自己对教义（包括经文和圣训）进行推理判断（英语：Qiyas）或考虑大多数伊斯兰学者的意见。在英语中，这种意识形态的穆斯林还有一个Just Muslim的称呼。^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

概述

人口统计

在至少22个国家中至少五分之一的穆斯林为无教派穆斯林。根据皮尤研究中心的宗教信仰与公共生活项目，有着最多无教派穆斯林人口的国家是哈萨克斯坦，占比达到74%。报告还指出，在9个国家的穆斯林人口中，无教派穆斯林占多数（在另外3个国家占相对多数）：阿尔巴尼亚 (65%)、吉尔吉斯斯坦 (64%)、科索沃 (58%)、印度尼西亚 (56%)、马里 (55%)、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 (54%)、乌兹别克斯坦 (54%)、阿塞拜疆 (45%)、俄罗斯 (45%)和尼日利亚 (42%)。其它占比较高的国家是：喀麦隆 (40%), 突尼斯（40％），几内亚比绍（36％），乌干达（33％），摩洛哥（30％），塞内加尔（27％），查德（23％），埃塞俄比亚（23％），利比里亚（22％），尼日尔（20％）和坦桑尼亚（20％）。^[4]不过，这些数字可能会产生误导，应采取谨慎态度，因为其中大部分国家都有一个占主导地位的伊斯兰教派，如逊尼派和什叶派，还有一些缺乏竞争力的教派。这些国家的大部分穆斯林选择只认同自己是穆斯林，而不是自称属于一个特定的教派。

代表人物

贾迈勒丁·阿富汗尼^[11]

参见

无派别基督教

参考资料

^ Ngaima, Samuel. Factors to the Liberian National Conflict: Views of the Liberian Expatriates. 2014: 17.
^ Benakis, Theodoros. Islamophoobia in Europe!. New Europe (Brussels). 13 January 2014 [20 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-31）. ... the non-denominational Muslims – those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.
^ Intra-Societal Tension and National Integration, p 119, A. Jamil Qadri - 1988
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation. The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. August 9, 2012 [4 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-26）.
^ Burns, Robert. Christianity, Islam, and the West. : 55. 40 per cent called themselves "just a Muslim" according to the Council of American-Islamic relations
^ Mustapha, Abdul. Sects & Social Disorder. 2014: 5 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-19）. of Muslims identified themselves as Sunni, 12 per cent as Shi'a, 3 per cent as Ahmadiyya but 44 per cent as 'just Muslim' (Pew Forum, 2010)
^ Muttitt, Greg. Fuel on the Fire: Oil and Politics in Occupied Iraq. 2012: 79. A January 2004 survey by the Iraq Centre for Research and Strategic Studies, for instance, asked people which description suited them best Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim or just Muslim'.
^ Boulting, Ned. On the Road Bike: The Search For a Nation’s Cycling Soul. : 155. What is your religion, asked a UN official. Muslim. Are you Shi'a or Sunni. Just Muslim
^ Tatari, Eren. Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets. 2014: 111 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-29）. Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi
^ Lopez, Ralph. Truth in the Age of Bushism. 2008: 65 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-03）. Many Iraqis take offense at reporters' efforts to identify them as Sunni or Shiite. A 2004 Iraq Centre for Research and Strategic Studies poll found the largest category of Iraqis classified themselves as "just Muslim."
^ Cughtai, Muhammad Ikram. Jamāl Al-Dīn Al-Afghāni: An Apostle of Islamic Resurgence. 2005: 454. Condemning the historically prevailing trend of blindly imitating religious leaders, al- Afghani revised to identity himself with a specific sect or imam by insisting that he was just a Muslim and a scholar with his own interpretation of Islam.

[1] Ngaima, Samuel. Factors to the Liberian National Conflict: Views of the Liberian Expatriates. 2014: 17.

[2] Benakis, Theodoros. Islamophoobia in Europe!. New Europe (Brussels). 13 January 2014 [20 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-31）. ... the non-denominational Muslims – those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.

[3] Intra-Societal Tension and National Integration, p 119, A. Jamil Qadri - 1988

[Pew-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation. The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. August 9, 2012 [4 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-26）.

[5] Burns, Robert. Christianity, Islam, and the West. : 55. 40 per cent called themselves "just a Muslim" according to the Council of American-Islamic relations

[6] Mustapha, Abdul. Sects & Social Disorder. 2014: 5 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-19）. of Muslims identified themselves as Sunni, 12 per cent as Shi'a, 3 per cent as Ahmadiyya but 44 per cent as 'just Muslim' (Pew Forum, 2010)

[7] Muttitt, Greg. Fuel on the Fire: Oil and Politics in Occupied Iraq. 2012: 79. A January 2004 survey by the Iraq Centre for Research and Strategic Studies, for instance, asked people which description suited them best Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim or just Muslim'.

[8] Boulting, Ned. On the Road Bike: The Search For a Nation’s Cycling Soul. : 155. What is your religion, asked a UN official. Muslim. Are you Shi'a or Sunni. Just Muslim

[9] Tatari, Eren. Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets. 2014: 111 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-29）. Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi

[10] Lopez, Ralph. Truth in the Age of Bushism. 2008: 65 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-03）. Many Iraqis take offense at reporters' efforts to identify them as Sunni or Shiite. A 2004 Iraq Centre for Research and Strategic Studies poll found the largest category of Iraqis classified themselves as "just Muslim."

[11] Cughtai, Muhammad Ikram. Jamāl Al-Dīn Al-Afghāni: An Apostle of Islamic Resurgence. 2005: 454. Condemning the historically prevailing trend of blindly imitating religious leaders, al- Afghani revised to identity himself with a specific sect or imam by insisting that he was just a Muslim and a scholar with his own interpretation of Islam.

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