HER2/neu
外觀
人類表皮生長因子受體2(英語:human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,縮寫為HER2,亦稱為Neu、ErbB-2、CD340(分化群340)或p185)是一種由ERBB2基因編碼的蛋白質。HER2是表皮生長因子受體(EGFR/ErbB)家族的成員。
功能
[編輯]HER2是結合在細胞膜表面的受體酪氨酸激酶,參與導致細胞生長和分化的信號轉導途徑,由原癌基因HER2/neu編碼。一般認為HER2是一個孤受體,表皮生長因子家族的配體都不能活化它。但配體結合ErbB受體時可形成二聚體,且HER2可與ErbB家族的其他成員結合成異二聚體。[7]HER2基因是原癌基因,位於人類17號染色體長臂(17q21-q22)。[8]
與癌症的關係
[編輯]HER-2基因是影響乳癌預後的一個重要因素,大約有25%-30%左右的乳癌患者,受到體內癌細胞HER-2基因過量表現的影響,他們的癌細胞不僅繁殖能力強,對部份化學治療藥物也容易有抗藥性,造成病患即使接受手術治療,癌細胞仍然有較高復發及轉移的概率,無法長期存活。
乳癌病患可分為Her-2/neu陽性或Her-2/neu陰性兩種截然不同的預後之乳癌。乳癌患者的腫瘤,若HER-2蛋白質出現過量表現,這類的腫瘤生長速度較快且生物行為較為惡性,使得手術後復發率高於其他類型的乳癌。[9]
針對HER2的葯物
[編輯]羅氏藥廠開發的賀癌平(Herceptin)即是以HER2為標靶的葯物,對晚期轉移性的乳腺癌頗具效用。
- 重組型人源化單株抗體 Trastuzumab (Herceptin®), 是IgG1 monoclonal antibody,可透過結合到乳癌細胞膜上的HER2 receptor的Domain4去抑制下游的hetero- and homodimerization和信號傳遞。;
- 完全人源化單株抗體 Pertuzumab (Perjeta®),和Trastuzumab藥理作用位點相似,但Pertuzumab 是結合在HER2的Domain2,去抑制下游路徑,而且因為Domain2是屬於extracellular receptor dimerization,因此可防止其他的HER family members和HER2進行dimerization,從而抑制了ligand-induced signaling,抑制了細胞生長而進行細胞凋亡,其中HER2/HER3被認為是下游通路活化的最強二聚體;
- 單抗結合型藥物 Ado-Trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®),為新藥,是一種Antibody和Drug的conjugate(ADC)。Trastuzumab上述已介紹過他的作用位點,而新藥T-DM1則是將Trastuzumab和maytansine 1用thioether鍵結起來,DM1即derivative of maytansine 1,是一種合成Microtubule 過程中dimerization的抑制劑,將Trastuzumab和cytotoxic agent DM1結合,除了有Trastuzumab本身能夠與HER2 receptor Domain4結合,進而停止了癌細胞的生長,DM1透過receptor-mediated進入細胞內作用,並在lysosome內代謝,釋放出含DM1的代謝產物,此物質可結合在Microtubule上,導致有絲分裂終止和細胞死亡。[10]
- Neratinib,為口服製劑,irreversible inhibitor,抑制HER2 and EGFR protein tyrosine kinase(TK)。[11]
- 酪氨酸激酶抑制劑 Lapatinib Ditosylate (Tykerb®),口服製劑,和Neratinib相似,一樣是EGFR and HER2 tyrosine kinase的抑制劑。[11]
- mTOR 抑制劑 Everolimus (Afinitor®)
相互作用
[編輯]參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 與HER2/neu相關的疾病;在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
- ^ 對人类表皮生长因子受体II起作用的藥物;在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000141736 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000062312 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Olayioye MA. Update on HER-2 as a target for cancer therapy: intracellular signaling pathways of ErbB2/HER-2 and family members. Breast Cancer Res. 2001, 3 (6): 385–389. PMID 11737890. doi:10.1186/bcr327.
- ^ Coussens L. Tyrosine Kinase Receptor with Extensive Homology to EGF Receptor Shares Chromosomal Location with neu Oncogene. Science. 1985, 230: 1132–1139. doi:10.1126/science.2999974.
- ^ HER-2陽性早期乳癌治療的近況. 台灣癌症防治網. 2009年10月16日 [2009-10-06]. (原始內容存檔於2011年5月25日).
- ^ Sadeghi, S., Olevsky, O., & Hurvitz, S. A. (2014). Profiling and targeting HER2-positive breast cancer using trastuzumab emtansine. Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine, 7, 329.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Goodman, L. S. (1996). Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics (Vol. 1549). New York: McGraw-Hill.P.1208
深入閱讀
[編輯]- Ross JS, Fletcher JA, Linette GP; et al. The Her-2/neu gene and protein in breast cancer 2003: biomarker and target of therapy. Oncologist. 2003, 8 (4): 307–25. PMID 12897328. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.8-4-307.
- Zhou BP, Hung MC. Dysregulation of cellular signaling by HER2/neu in breast cancer. Semin. Oncol. 2003, 30 (5 Suppl 16): 38–48. PMID 14613025. doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.08.006.
- Ménard S, Casalini P, Campiglio M; et al. Role of HER2/neu in tumor progression and therapy. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2005, 61 (23): 2965–78. PMID 15583858. doi:10.1007/s00018-004-4277-7.
- Becker JC, Muller-Tidow C, Serve H; et al. Role of receptor tyrosine kinases in gastric cancer: new targets for a selective therapy. World J. Gastroenterol. 2006, 12 (21): 3297–305. PMID 16733844.
- Laudadio J, Quigley DI, Tubbs R, Wolff DJ. HER2 testing: a review of detection methodologies and their clinical performance. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 2007, 7 (1): 53–64. PMID 17187484. doi:10.1586/14737159.7.1.53.
- Bianchi F, Tagliabue E, Ménard S, Campiglio M. Fhit expression protects against HER2-driven breast tumor development: unraveling the molecular interconnections. Cell Cycle. 2007, 6 (6): 643–6. PMID 17374991. doi:10.4161/cc.6.6.4033.
- Del Bimbo A., Meoni M., Pala P. Accurate evaluation of HER-2 amplification in FISH images. Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST), 2010 IEEE International Conference on. 2010: 407–10. ISBN 978-1-4244-6492-0. doi:10.1109/IST.2010.5548461.
外部連結
[編輯]- ERBB2 expression across human cancerous and healthy tissues[永久失效連結]
- AACR Cancer Concepts Factsheet on HER2
- Her2/neu Vaccine Protects Against Tumor Growth
- Chimeric molecules and Methods of Use
- Breast Friends for Life Network - A South African Breast Cancer Support Forum for HER2 Positive Women
- 醫學主題詞表(MeSH):Receptor,+erbB-2