氟化亚铁

氟化亚铁
别名	二氟化铁; 氟化铁(II)
识别
CAS号	7789-28-8（无水） ; 13940-89-1（四水）
PubChem	522690
ChemSpider	74215
SMILES	[F-].[F-].[Fe+2];
InChI	1/2FH.Fe/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2;
InChIKey	FZGIHSNZYGFUGM-NUQVWONBAX
性质
化学式	F2Fe
摩尔质量	93.84 g·mol−1
外观	无色透明晶体; 四水合物为棕色固体
密度	4.09 g/cm3（无水）; 2.20 g/cm3（四水合物）
熔点	970 °C（无水）; 100 °C（四水合物）
沸点	1100 °C（无水）
溶解性（水）	微溶
溶度积Ksp	2.36×10−6
溶解性	不溶于乙醇、乙醚和苯; 可溶于氢氟酸
磁化率	+9500.0·10−6 cm3/mol
结构
晶体结构	金红石（四方晶系），tP6
空间群	P42/mnm, No. 136
危险性
	GHS危险性符号;
主要危害	造成严重的皮肤灼伤和眼睛损伤; 燃烧形成危险的分解产物
NFPA 704	0 4 2
闪点	不适用
相关物质
其他阴离子	氧化亚铁; 氯化亚铁; 溴化亚铁; 碘化亚铁
其他阳离子	二氟化锰; 氟化钴(II)
相关化学品	三氟化铁
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

氟化亚铁为铁的一种氟化物，化学式为FeF₂。它的无水物和水合物都是白色晶体。^[1]^[8]

结构和成键

无水FeF₂是金红石结构的。其中的铁离子是八面体形结构，而氟离子则是平面三角形结构的。^[9]^[10]

四水氟化亚铁有两种同质异形体，一种是扭曲菱面体结构，另一种则是六边形结构。^[1]

和大多数氟化物一样，氟化亚铁的无水物和水合物都有高自旋的金属中心。低温中子衍射显示FeF₂呈反铁磁性。^[11]

物理性质

FeF₂在958至1178 K下升华。通过扭转法和Knudsen的方法，氟化亚铁的昇华热被实验确定为 271 ± 2 kJ mole⁻¹。^[12]

氟化亚铁的以下反应用于计算Fe⁺的原子化能：^[13]

FeF₂ + e → Fe⁺ + F₂（或2F） + 2e

制备和反应

无水氟化亚铁可以由氯化亚铁和无水氟化氢反应而成。^[14]它微溶于水（25 °C下的溶度积 K_sp = 2.36×10⁻⁶）^[15]和稀氢氟酸，产生浅绿色溶液。^[1]它不溶于有机溶剂。^[8]

氟化亚铁的四水合物则可以通过铁和温热氢氟酸反应，并通过添加乙醇产生沉淀而成。^[1]它在潮湿空气中氧化产生三氟化铁水合物 (FeF₃)₂·9H₂O。^[1]

用处

FeF₂可用作某些有机反应的催化剂。^[16]它也是合成其它铁(II)化合物的前体。^[17]

外部链接

National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Penfold, B. R.; Taylor, M. R. The crystal structure of a disordered form of iron(II) fluoride tetrahydrate. Acta Crystallographica. 1960, 13 (11): 953–956. doi:10.1107/S0365110X60002302.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 David R. Lide., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 90., CRC Press. 2009,
ISBN 978-1420090840
（德文）
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Record of Eisen(II)-fluorid in the GESTIS Substance Database from the IFA（英语：Institute for Occupational Safety and Health）
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Georg Brauer (Hrsg.), unter Mitarbeit von Marianne Baudler u. a.: Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie. 3., umgearbeitete Auflage. Band I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6, S. 274.
^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
^ John Rumble. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 99. CRC Press. June 18, 2018: 5-188. ISBN 1138561630 （英语）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Sigma-Aldrich. Material Safety Data Sheet. Sigma-Aldrich. [5 April 2011]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Dale L. Perry (1995), "Handbook of Inorganic Compounds （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", page 167. CRC Press. ISBN 9780849386718
^ Stout, J.; Stanley A. Reed. The Crystal Structure of MnF₂, FeF₂, CoF₂, NiF₂ and ZnF₂. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76 (21): 5279–5281. doi:10.1021/ja01650a005.
^ M.J.M., de Almeida; M.M.R., Costa; J.A., Paixão. Charge density of FeF2. Acta Crystallographica Section B. 1989-12-01, 45 (6): 549–555. ISSN 0108-7681. doi:10.1107/S0108768189007664 （英语）.
^ Erickson, R. Neutron Diffraction Studies of Antiferromagnetism in Manganous Fluoride and Some Isomorphous Compounds. Physical Review. June 1953, 90 (5): 779–785. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.90.779.
^ Bardi, Gianpiero; Brunetti, Bruno; Piacente, Vincenzo. Vapor Pressure and Standard Enthalpies of Sublimation of Iron Difluoride, Iron Dichloride, and Iron Dibromide. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 1996-01-01, 41 (1): 14–20. ISSN 0021-9568. doi:10.1021/je950115w.
^ Kent, Richard; John L. Margrave. Mass Spectrometric Studies at High Temperatures. VIII. The Sublimation Pressure of Iron(II) Fluoride. Journal of the American Chemical Society. November 1965, 87 (21): 4754–4756. doi:10.1021/ja00949a016.
^ W. Kwasnik "Iron(II) Fluoride" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 266.
^ SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS (PDF). [2022-01-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-07-12）.
^ Wildermuth, Egon; Stark, Hans; Friedrich, Gabriele; Ebenhöch, Franz Ludwig; Kühborth, Brigitte; Silver, Jack; Rituper, Rafael, Iron Compounds, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005, doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_591
^ Catherine E. Housecroft, A. G. Sharpe: Inorganic chemistry. Prentice Hall, 2004, ISBN 978-0130399137 (氟化亚铁，第622页，载于Google图书).

[pentay-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Penfold, B. R.; Taylor, M. R. The crystal structure of a disordered form of iron(II) fluoride tetrahydrate. Acta Crystallographica. 1960, 13 (11): 953–956. doi:10.1107/S0365110X60002302.

[crc-2] 2.0 ^2.1 David R. Lide., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 90., CRC Press. 2009,
ISBN 978-1420090840
（德文）

[GESTIS-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Record of Eisen(II)-fluorid in the GESTIS Substance Database from the IFA（英语：Institute for Occupational Safety and Health）

[brauer-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Georg Brauer (Hrsg.), unter Mitarbeit von Marianne Baudler u. a.: Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie. 3., umgearbeitete Auflage. Band I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6, S. 274.

[5] Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8

[crc2-6] John Rumble. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 99. CRC Press. June 18, 2018: 5-188. ISBN 1138561630 （英语）.

[SigmaMSDS-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Sigma-Aldrich. Material Safety Data Sheet. Sigma-Aldrich. [5 April 2011]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）.

[dale-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Dale L. Perry (1995), "Handbook of Inorganic Compounds （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", page 167. CRC Press. ISBN 9780849386718

[Stout_&_Reed-9] Stout, J.; Stanley A. Reed. The Crystal Structure of MnF₂, FeF₂, CoF₂, NiF₂ and ZnF₂. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76 (21): 5279–5281. doi:10.1021/ja01650a005.

[10] M.J.M., de Almeida; M.M.R., Costa; J.A., Paixão. Charge density of FeF2. Acta Crystallographica Section B. 1989-12-01, 45 (6): 549–555. ISSN 0108-7681. doi:10.1107/S0108768189007664 （英语）.

[Erickson-11] Erickson, R. Neutron Diffraction Studies of Antiferromagnetism in Manganous Fluoride and Some Isomorphous Compounds. Physical Review. June 1953, 90 (5): 779–785. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.90.779.

[12] Bardi, Gianpiero; Brunetti, Bruno; Piacente, Vincenzo. Vapor Pressure and Standard Enthalpies of Sublimation of Iron Difluoride, Iron Dichloride, and Iron Dibromide. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 1996-01-01, 41 (1): 14–20. ISSN 0021-9568. doi:10.1021/je950115w.

[Kent-13] Kent, Richard; John L. Margrave. Mass Spectrometric Studies at High Temperatures. VIII. The Sublimation Pressure of Iron(II) Fluoride. Journal of the American Chemical Society. November 1965, 87 (21): 4754–4756. doi:10.1021/ja00949a016.

[14] W. Kwasnik "Iron(II) Fluoride" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 266.

[15] SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS (PDF). [2022-01-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-07-12）.

[Ullmann-16] Wildermuth, Egon; Stark, Hans; Friedrich, Gabriele; Ebenhöch, Franz Ludwig; Kühborth, Brigitte; Silver, Jack; Rituper, Rafael, Iron Compounds, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005, doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_591

[ic-17] Catherine E. Housecroft, A. G. Sharpe: Inorganic chemistry. Prentice Hall, 2004, ISBN 978-0130399137 (氟化亚铁，第622页，载于Google图书).

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