亞美尼亞人
| 亞美尼亞人 Հայեր Hayer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 總人口 | |
約 7[1]–10 百萬人[2]
 | |
| 分佈地區 | |
 亞美尼亞 2,961,514[3][4] | |
 俄羅斯 | 1,182,388[5]–2,900,000[6] |
 美國 | 1,000,366[7]–1,500,000[8] |
 法國 | 250,000[9]–750,000[10] |
 喬治亞•  阿布哈茲[note 1] | 168,191[11] 41,864[12] |
 亞塞拜然•  阿爾察赫共和國[note 2] | 146,573[13] |
 黎巴嫩 | 150,000[14] |
 伊朗 | 120,000[15] |
 德國 | 90,000–110,000[16] |
 敘利亞[note 3] | 100,000[17] |
 烏克蘭 | 100,000[18] |
 巴西 | 100,000[19][20] |
 希臘 | 80,000[21] |
 阿根廷 | 70,000[22] |
 土耳其 | 60,000[23] |
 加拿大 | 55,740[24] |
 波蘭 | 50,000[25] |
 哈薩克 | 25,000 [26] |
 澳洲 | 16,723[27] |
 阿聯 | 8,000 –10,000[28] |
 荷蘭 | 5,689[n]–8,374[m] (2021)[29][30] |
| 語言 | |
| 亞美尼亞語 | |
| 宗教信仰 | |
 基督宗教 亞美尼亞使徒教會 （主要）亞美尼亞禮天主教會、新教
| |
| 註釋 | |
^ n: 按法定國籍
^ m: 按國籍、歸化和後代背景 | |
亞美尼亞人（亞美尼亞語：Հայեր, hayer：[hɑˈjɛɾ]「哈亞斯坦」）是一個發源於高加索和安納托利亞東部的民族和族群，屬歐羅巴人種的阿爾卑斯人種或地中海人種類型。使用亞美尼亞語，分成許多方言，屬印歐語系亞美尼亞語族。
亞美尼亞人亦可指擁有亞美尼亞共和國國籍者，或亞美尼美境內的民族或族群。
大多數亞美尼亞人在宗教上屬基督宗教亞美尼亞教會，這是歷史上第一個成為國教的基督教派。由於兩位使徒猶達·達陡和巴托羅繆的努力，基督教在亞美尼亞傳播。如今亞美尼亞人700萬人，除居住在亞美尼亞外，還分布在俄羅斯、亞塞拜然、喬治亞、美國、伊朗、法國、德國、烏克蘭、黎巴嫩、巴西、敘利亞，其中俄羅斯是僅次於亞美尼亞的第二大亞美尼亞人聚居地，海外亞美尼亞人多於亞美尼亞共和國的亞美尼亞人。
亞美尼亞語有兩種相互可理解的書面形式。文字是由4世紀末5世紀初由學者聖梅斯羅布創製的亞美尼亞字母，經修改，一直沿用至今。
亞美尼亞種族大屠殺
[編輯]在鄂圖曼帝國政府首腦恩維爾帕夏、塔拉特帕夏、傑馬爾帕夏等人的號召下，土耳其人於1915年至1917年間對其轄境內亞美尼亞人進行的種族滅絕。亞美尼亞人受害者數量達到150萬之眾。
土耳其政府至今拒絕承認這是一起土耳其官方發起的有預謀的種族滅絕行為，一些土耳其學者（如奧爾漢·帕穆克等）也持有相同觀點。目前共有阿根廷、比利時、加拿大、法國、希臘、義大利、黎巴嫩、荷蘭、俄羅斯、瑞典、德國、美國等數十個國家官方承認這是一場種族滅絕。歐洲議會也承認「亞美尼亞大屠殺」事件，稱這宗屠殺為「違反人性的罪行」。聯合國防止歧視和保護少數小組委員會也將事件定性為「種族滅絕」。[31]
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ different sources:
- Dennis J.D. Sandole. Peace and Security in the Postmodern World: The OSCE and Conflict Resolution. Routledge. 24 January 2007: 182. ISBN 9781134145713.
The nearly 3 million Armenians in Armenia (and 3–4 million in the Armenian Diaspora worldwide) "perceive" the nearly 8 million Azerbaijanis in Azerbaijan as "Turks."
- McGoldrick, Monica; Giordano, Joe; Garcia-Preto, Nydia (編). Ethnicity and Family Therapy, Third Edition 3. Guilford Press. 18 August 2005: 439. ISBN 9781606237946.
The impact of such a horror on a group who presently number approximately 6 million, worldwide, is incalculable.
- Sargsyan, Gevorg; Balabanyan, Ani; Hankinson, Denzel. From Crisis to Stability in the Armenian Power Sector: Lessons Learned from Armenia's Energy Reform Experience illustrated. World Bank Publications. 1 January 2006: 18. ISBN 9780821365908.
The country's estimated 3–6 million diaspora represent a major source of foreign direct investment in the country.
- Arthur G. Sharp. The Everything Guide to the Middle East: Understand the people, the politics, and the culture of this conflicted region. Adams Media. 15 September 2011: 137. ISBN 9781440529122.
Since the newly independent Republic of Armenia was declared in 1991, nearly 4 million of the world's 6 million Armenians have been living on the eastern edge of their Middle Eastern homeland.
- Dennis J.D. Sandole. Peace and Security in the Postmodern World: The OSCE and Conflict Resolution. Routledge. 24 January 2007: 182. ISBN 9781134145713.
- ^ different sources:
- Von Voss, Huberta. Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the Contemporary World. New York: Berghahn Books. 2007: xxv. ISBN 9781845452575.
...there are some 8 million Armenians in the world...
- Freedman, Jeri. The Armenian genocide. New York: Rosen Publishing Group. 2008: 52. ISBN 9781404218253.
In contrast to its population of 3.2 million, approximately 8 million Armenians live in other countries of the world, including large communities in the America and Russia.
- Guntram H. Herb, David H. Kaplan. Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview: A Global Historical Overview. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. 2008: 1705. ISBN 9781851099085.
A nation of some 8 million people, about 3 million of whom live in the newly independent post-Soviet state, Armenians are constantly battling not to lose their distinct culture, identity and the newly established statehood.
- Robert A. Saunders, Vlad Struko. Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 2010: 50. ISBN 9780810854758.
- Philander, S. George. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change. Los Angeles: SAGE. 2008: 77. ISBN 9781412958783.
An estimated 60 percent of the total 8 million Armenians worldwide live outside the country...
- Robert A. Saunders, Vlad Strukov. Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 2010: 51. ISBN 9780810874602.
Worldwide, there are more than 8 million Armenians; 3.2 million reside in the Republic of Armenia.
- Von Voss, Huberta. Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the Contemporary World. New York: Berghahn Books. 2007: xxv. ISBN 9781845452575.
- ^ [1] 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期7 January 2019. հոկտեմբերի 12-21-ը Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում անցկացված մարդահամարի արդյունքները (The results of the census conducted in October 2011 in the Republic of Armenia). pp 6-7. （亞美尼亞語）
- ^ Ministry of Culture of Armenia "The ethnic minorities in Armenia. Brief information" 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期10 October 2017.. As per the most recent census in 2011. "National minority" 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期16 February 2017..
- ^ National makeup of the population of the Russian Federation (Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации). Russian Federal State Statistics Service. [5 January 2013]. （原始內容存檔於5 January 2016） （俄語）.
- ^ Robert A. Saunders, Vlad Struko. Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 2010: 50. ISBN 978-0-8108-5475-8.
- ^ Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. United States Census Bureau. [22 December 2012].
- ^
- Milliken, Mary. Armenian-American clout buys genocide breakthrough. Reuters. 12 October 2007 [5 December 2012]. （原始內容存檔於5 November 2013）.
- Barack Obama on the Importance of US-Armenia Relations. Armenian National Committee of America. 19 January 2008 [24 July 2012]. （原始內容存檔於6 January 2013）.
- ^ Thon, Caroline. Armenians in Hamburg: an ethnographic exploration into the relationship between diaspora and success
. Berlin: LIT Verlag Münster. 2012: 25. ISBN 978-3-643-90226-9.
- ^ Taylor, Tony. Denial: history betrayed. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Pub. 2008: 4. ISBN 978-0-522-85482-4.
- ^ National Statistics Office of Georgia (PDF). [24 May 2016]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於5 February 2017）.
- ^ В Абхазии объявили данные переписи населения. Delfi. 29 December 2011 [20 August 2013]. （原始內容存檔於28 July 2019） （俄語）. (According to the 2011 census).
- ^ Republic of Artsakh. Population estimates of NKR as of 01.01.2013. [20 February 2014]. （原始內容存檔於21 May 2020）.
- ^ Gibney, Matthew J. Immigration and asylum: from 1900 to the present. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. 2005: 13. ISBN 978-1-57607-796-2.
- ^ Vardanyan, Tamara. Իրանահայ համայնք. ճամպրուկային տրամադրություններ [The Iranian-Armenian community]. Noravank Foundation. 21 June 2007 [5 January 2013]. （原始內容存檔於19 May 2020） （亞美尼亞語）.
- ^ Sargsyan, Babken. Գերմանիաիի հայ համայնքը [Armenian community of Germany]. 8 December 2012 [10 January 2015]. （原始內容存檔於3 March 2016） （亞美尼亞語）.
- ^ The Virtual Museum of Armenian Diaspora. Ministry of Diaspora of the Republic of Armenia. [2014-02-19]. （原始內容存檔於19 February 2014）.
- ^ The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue, Kiev: State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, 2001 [5 January 2013][永久失效連結]
- ^ Comunidade armênia prospera no Brasil, mas não abandona luta pela memória do massacre 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期10 June 2016.. By Breno Salvador. O Globo, 24 April 2015
- ^ Federal Senate of Brazil Recognizes Armenian Genocide. Armenian Weekly. 3 June 2015 [12 May 2016]. （原始內容存檔於14 July 2015）.
- ^ Bedevyan, Astghik. Հունաստանի հայ համայնքը պատրաստվում է Հայաստանի նախագահի հետ հանդիպմանը [Armenian community of Greece preparing for the meeting with the Armenian president]. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Armenian Service. 18 January 2011 [10 January 2015]. （原始內容存檔於3 March 2016） （亞美尼亞語）.
- ^ Ayvazyan 2003，第100頁.
- ^ Foreign Ministry: 89,000 minorities live in Turkey. Today's Zaman. 15 December 2008 [5 January 2013]. （原始內容存檔於20 May 2011）.
- ^ Canada National Household Survey, Statistics Canada, 2011 [20 August 2013], （原始內容存檔於24 December 2018）. Of those, 31,075 reported single and 24,675 mixed Armenian ancestry.
- ^ Narodowy Spis Powszechny 2011 (Polish Census of 2011). Główny Urząd Statystyczny (Polish Central Statistical Office). 2011 [31 October 2015]. （原始內容存檔於17 October 2015）.
- ^ Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2020 года. Комитет по статистике Министерства национальной экономики Республики Казахстан. [2020-04-27]. （原始內容存檔於2017-11-08）.
- ^ The People of Australia – Statistics from the 2011 Census (PDF). Australian Government. 2014. ISBN 978-1-920996-23-9. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於14 July 2014）.
- ^ http://diaspora.gov.am/en/pages/41/uae. 缺少或
|title=為空 (幫助) - ^ CBS Statline. [2022-04-17]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-13）.
- ^ Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, generatie en migratieachtergrond, 1 januari. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). 22 July 2021 [16 January 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-13） （荷蘭語）.
- ^ Q&A: Armenian genocide dispute. BBC News. 2010-03-05 [2010-11-02]. （原始內容存檔於2010-11-13）.
Notes
