五氟化鉬

五氟化鉬
	IUPAC名; Molybdenum(V) fluoride; Molybdenum pentafluoride
別名	氟化鉬(V)
識別
CAS號	13819-84-6（單體） ; 57327-37-4（四聚體）
PubChem	139613
SMILES	F[Mo](F)(F)(F)F;
InChI	1S/5FH.Mo/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+5/p-5;
InChIKey	NBJFDNVXVFBQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-I
性質
化學式	MoF5
摩爾質量	190.93 g·mol⁻¹
外觀	黃色固體
密度	3.44 g/cm3
熔點	45.7 °C（318.8 K）
沸點	50 °C（323 K）（升華）
熱力學
熱容	96.6 J/mol·K
危險性
主要危害	氧化劑，水解生成HF
閃點	不可燃
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

五氟化鉬是一種無機化合物，化學式為MoF₅。它是吸濕性的黃色晶體，以四聚體的形式存在。^[3]

製備[編輯]

五氟化鉬可由金屬鉬和六氟化鉬反應得到：^[4]

Mo + 5 MoF₆ → 6 MoF₅

它也可由六氟化鉬和三氟化磷反應製得：^[5]

2 MoF₆ + PF₃ → 2 MoF₅ + PF₅

如果用三氯化磷進行反應，則會產生四氯化鉬作為副產物：

5 MoF₆ + 2 PCl₃ → 4 MoF₅ + MoCl₄ + 2 PF₅ + Cl₂

六氟化鉬和硅的反應也是製備方法之一：^[1]

4 MoF₆ + Si → 4 MoF₅ + SiF₄

此外，四氟化鉬和四氟氧化鉬在200 °C共熱，也會生成五氟化鉬：^[6]

MoF₄ + MoOF₄ → MoF₅ + MoOF₃

反應[編輯]

五氟化鉬在165 °C歧化為四氟化鉬和六氟化鉬：^[2]

2 MoF₅ → MoF₄ + MoF₆

它和鹼金屬氟化物在無水氟化氫中反應，生成六氟代鉬(V)酸鹽：^[7]

MF + MoF₅ → MMoF₆

它和氟化銅、鉬在530 °C反應，生成和CuSnF₆同構的棕色晶體Cu^IIMo^IVF₆：^[8]

4 MoF₅ + 5 CuF₂ + Mo → 5 CuMoF₆

五氟化鉬和氨氣反應，生成MoF₅(NH₃)；在−70～−65 °C和液氨反應，生成暗棕色的MoF₅(NH₃)₅，它會在室溫失去一分子的氨。^[9]

參考文獻[編輯]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Paine, R. T.; Asprey, L. B.; Graham, L.; Bartlett, N. Metal Pentafluorides: 137–140. 2007. ISSN 1934-4716. doi:10.1002/9780470132500.ch31.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Stene, Riane E.; Scheibe, Benjamin; Pietzonka, Clemens; Karttunen, Antti J.; Petry, Winfried; Kraus, Florian. MoF5 revisited. A comprehensive study of MoF5. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 2018, 211: 171–179. ISSN 0022-1139. doi:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.05.002.
^ Edwards, A. J.; Peacock, R. D.; Small, R. W. H. 868. The preparation and structure of molybdenum pentafluoride. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). 1962: 4486. ISSN 0368-1769. doi:10.1039/jr9620004486.
^ T. J. Ouellette, C. T. Ratcliffe, D. W. A. Sharp, A. M. Steven. Molybdenum(V) Fluoride (Molybdenum pentalfluoride). Inorganic Syntheses. 1972, 13: 146–150. doi:10.1002/9780470132449.ch28.
^ O'Donnell, T.A.; Stewart, D.F. Chemical reactions of molybdenum hexafluoride. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1962, 24 (3): 309–314. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(62)80185-7.
^ Opalovskii, A. A.; Anufrienko, V. F.; Khaldoyanidi, K. A. Molybdenum oxytrifluoride, MoOF₃. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1969. 184 (4): 860-862. ISSN: 0002-3264.
^ Stene, Riane E.; Scheibe, Benjamin; Petry, Winfried; Kraus, Florian. Synthesis and Characterization of the Hexafluoridomolybdates(V) A[MoF₆] (A = Li - Cs). European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2020, 2020 (19): 1834–1843. ISSN 1434-1948. doi:10.1002/ejic.202000141.
^ Llorente, S.; Goubard, F.; Gredin, P.; Bizot, D.; Chassaing, J.; Quarton, M. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Cu^IIMo^IVF₆ and Cr^IINb^IVF₆ (LT Form). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 1998, 624 (9): 1538–1542. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3749(199809)624:9<1538::AID-ZAAC1538>3.0.CO;2-E.
^ Belyaev, I. N.; Blokhina, G. E.; Opalovskii, A. A. Interaction of molybdenum pentafluoride with liquid ammonia. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1972. 17 (9): 2465-2467. ISSN: 0044-457X.

[Paine-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Paine, R. T.; Asprey, L. B.; Graham, L.; Bartlett, N. Metal Pentafluorides: 137–140. 2007. ISSN 1934-4716. doi:10.1002/9780470132500.ch31.

[Stene-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Stene, Riane E.; Scheibe, Benjamin; Pietzonka, Clemens; Karttunen, Antti J.; Petry, Winfried; Kraus, Florian. MoF5 revisited. A comprehensive study of MoF5. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 2018, 211: 171–179. ISSN 0022-1139. doi:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.05.002.

[3] Edwards, A. J.; Peacock, R. D.; Small, R. W. H. 868. The preparation and structure of molybdenum pentafluoride. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). 1962: 4486. ISSN 0368-1769. doi:10.1039/jr9620004486.

[IS13-4] T. J. Ouellette, C. T. Ratcliffe, D. W. A. Sharp, A. M. Steven. Molybdenum(V) Fluoride (Molybdenum pentalfluoride). Inorganic Syntheses. 1972, 13: 146–150. doi:10.1002/9780470132449.ch28.

[5] O'Donnell, T.A.; Stewart, D.F. Chemical reactions of molybdenum hexafluoride. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1962, 24 (3): 309–314. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(62)80185-7.

[6] Opalovskii, A. A.; Anufrienko, V. F.; Khaldoyanidi, K. A. Molybdenum oxytrifluoride, MoOF₃. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1969. 184 (4): 860-862. ISSN: 0002-3264.

[7] Stene, Riane E.; Scheibe, Benjamin; Petry, Winfried; Kraus, Florian. Synthesis and Characterization of the Hexafluoridomolybdates(V) A[MoF₆] (A = Li - Cs). European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2020, 2020 (19): 1834–1843. ISSN 1434-1948. doi:10.1002/ejic.202000141.

[8] Llorente, S.; Goubard, F.; Gredin, P.; Bizot, D.; Chassaing, J.; Quarton, M. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Cu^IIMo^IVF₆ and Cr^IINb^IVF₆ (LT Form). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 1998, 624 (9): 1538–1542. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3749(199809)624:9<1538::AID-ZAAC1538>3.0.CO;2-E.

[9] Belyaev, I. N.; Blokhina, G. E.; Opalovskii, A. A. Interaction of molybdenum pentafluoride with liquid ammonia. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1972. 17 (9): 2465-2467. ISSN: 0044-457X.

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