滤泡旁细胞

滤泡旁细胞
	Microscopic section of the thyroid showing follicles, where parafollicular cells reside
基本信息
位置	甲状腺
功能	分泌降钙素
标识字符
TH	H3.08.02.4.00009
FMA	FMA:68653
	《显微解剖学术语（英语：Anatomical terms of microanatomy）》 [在维基数据上编辑]

滤泡旁细胞（parafollicular cell）又称C细胞，为人类及大部分脊椎动物甲状腺的一种细胞，胚胎学上源自于外胚层衍生之神经脊，为分泌降钙素的神经内分泌细胞^[1]。滤泡旁细胞通常驻留于滤泡和滤泡上皮细胞的结缔组织间，因而得名。正常甲状腺切片中滤泡旁细胞通常不明显，但在某些发炎状况下会因增生而在苏伊染色（HE染色）下可见^[2]。滤泡旁细胞在切片下可见时，通常比滤泡细胞大，细胞质较多，看起来有苍白的色斑，周围有胶状物围绕。

滤泡旁细胞在苏伊染色切片中，细胞质（胞质）稍淡；而用镀银法（银染法）可见基底部胞质内有嗜银颗粒，颗粒内有降钙素；电子显微镜下，位于滤泡上皮细胞之间的滤泡旁细胞基部附着于基板，而其顶部被邻近的滤泡上皮细胞覆盖。曾有人指出，哺乳类的滤泡旁细胞内有生长抑素、去甲基肾上腺素（旧称正肾上腺素）、P物质和血管活性肠肽（VIP，Vasoactive intestinal peptide）等物质。

滤泡旁细胞发生癌变可导致甲状腺髓质癌（Medullary thyroid cancer, MTC）

滤泡旁细胞的形态、大小、数量和分布随动物种属而有差别：人、猴、鼠等的滤泡旁细胞呈卵形，以小的细胞群体分布于滤泡间；猫、狗等的滤泡旁细胞则呈圆形或卵形，并在滤泡之间积聚成大的细胞团。

注释[编辑]

1．人类滤泡旁细胞多分布于甲状旁腺周围的“甲状腺内”，而在鼠类则多分布于“甲状腺中央部”。

2．降钙素：一种多肽类物质，通过促进成骨细胞分泌类骨质、抑制骨质内钙的溶解、促进钙盐沉着，并抑制胃肠道和肾小管吸收钙离子，降低血钙。

3．嗜银颗粒：滤泡旁细胞质内有直径200nm的分泌颗粒，细胞以胞吐方式释放颗粒内的降钙素。

4．钙盐沉着：骨盐沉着于类骨质。

延伸阅读[编辑]

Kameda Y. Localization of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide in thyroid C cells from various mammalian species. The Anatomical Record. October 1987, 219 (2): 204–12. PMID 3120623. doi:10.1002/ar.1092190214.
Kameda Y, Nishimaki T, Miura M, Jiang SX, Guillemot F. Mash1 regulates the development of C cells in mouse thyroid glands. Developmental Dynamics. January 2007, 236 (1): 262–70. PMID 17103415. doi:10.1002/dvdy.21018.
Kameda Y, Nishimaki T, Chisaka O, Iseki S, Sucov HM. Expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin by thyroid C cells and their precursors during murine development. The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. October 2007, 55 (10): 1075–88. PMID 17595340. doi:10.1369/jhc.7a7179.2007.
Kameda Y, Ito M, Nishimaki T, Gotoh N. FRS2alpha is required for the separation, migration, and survival of pharyngeal-endoderm derived organs including thyroid, ultimobranchial body, parathyroid, and thymus. Developmental Dynamics. March 2009, 238 (3): 503–13. PMID 19235715. doi:10.1002/dvdy.21867.
Kameda Y. Cellular and molecular events on the development of mammalian thyroid C cells. Developmental Dynamics. March 2016, 245 (3): 323–41. PMID 26661795. doi:10.1002/dvdy.24377.
Baber EC. Contributions to the Minute Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland of the Dog. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1876, 166: 557–568. JSTOR 109205. doi:10.1098/rstl.1876.0021.

Baber EC: Contributions to the minute anatomy of the thyroid gland of the dog. Phil Trans R Soc 166 (1876) 557-568 (full text)

外部链接[编辑]

A+医学百科：[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Histology image: 42_04 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Histology image: 14302loa – 波士顿大学的组织学学习系统
Histology at KUMC endo-/endo10
Anatomy Atlases - Microscopic Anatomy, plate 15.287

^ TEITELBAUM, STEVEN L.; MOORE, KENNETH E.; SHIEBER, WILLIAM. Parafollicular Cells in the Normal Human Thyroid. Nature. 1971-04, 230 (5292). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/230334a0.
^ Albores-Saavedra, Jorge; Krueger, Jo Ellen. C-Cell Hyperplasia and Medullary Thyroid Microcarcinoma. Endocrine Pathology. 2001, 12 (4). ISSN 1046-3976. doi:10.1385/ep:12:4:365.

[1] TEITELBAUM, STEVEN L.; MOORE, KENNETH E.; SHIEBER, WILLIAM. Parafollicular Cells in the Normal Human Thyroid. Nature. 1971-04, 230 (5292). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/230334a0.

[2] Albores-Saavedra, Jorge; Krueger, Jo Ellen. C-Cell Hyperplasia and Medullary Thyroid Microcarcinoma. Endocrine Pathology. 2001, 12 (4). ISSN 1046-3976. doi:10.1385/ep:12:4:365.

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