泰国手语

泰国手语
母语国家和地区	泰国
母语使用人数	约 90,000–300,000 (2008)
语系	法国手语系美国手语老曼谷手语、清迈手语与美国手语接触后形成的克里奥尔语（可能与越南和老挝手语有关）泰国手语; ; ;
语言代码
ISO 639-3	tsq
Glottolog	thai1240

泰国手语（Thai Sign Language，缩写为TSL）或称为现代标准泰国手语（Modern Standard Thai Sign Language，缩写为MSTSL），是泰国聋人社群的通用手语，在泰国大部分地区被预估有5.6万名聋人（约占20%）在学校使用。 ^[2]

泰国手语与美国手语（American Sign Language，缩写为ASL）有关，并同属一个语系。 ^[3]这层关联是起因于20世纪50年代，当时美国培训的泰国教育工作者在将美国手语引入泰国聋校，并与至少两种本土手语，老曼谷手语及清迈手语，^[3]发生语言接触并进一步克里奥尔化^[4]。这些原始手语的发源地可能是在市镇和城区，因为在这些地方聋人社群有较多的机会可以相互交流。这些过去的手语现在被认为是濒危语言，只有年长的使用者记得，而不再用于日常对话。^[5]这些较早的变体可能与越南和老挝手语有关。^[6]

在1999年8月，由泰国教育部长代表皇家泰国政府签署的决议中，泰国手语被确立为“泰国聋人的国家语言”。与许多手语一样，泰国手语的传承方式主要见于父母为聋人的家庭和聋人学校中。有关聋人儿童的语言教学和文化融入的丰富过程在泰国住宿式聋人学校中多有文件和照片纪录。 ^[7]

在泰国还存在其他即将消亡的手语，例如班科手语（Ban Khor Sign Language）。

参见[编辑]

参考资料[编辑]

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). 泰國手語. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
^ Reilly, Charles & Suvannus, Sathaporn (1999). Education of deaf people in the kingdom of Thailand. In Brelje, H.William (ed.) (1999). Global perspectives on education of the deaf in selected countries. Hillsboro, OR: Butte. pp. 367–82. NB. This is a prevalence estimate 1/1000 people as deaf. Based on 2007 figures of Thailand's population, an estimate of 67,000 deaf people is more accurate.^{[来源请求]} Furthermore, hearing-speaking people are beginning to learn and use the Thai Sign Language.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Woodward, James C. (1996). Modern Standard Thai Sign Language, influence from ASL, and its relationship to original Thai sign varieties. Sign Language Studies 92:227–52. (see p 245)
^ Suvannus, Sathaporn (1987). Thailand. In Van Cleve, 282–84. In: Van Cleve, John V. (1987) (ed.) Gallaudet encyclopedia of deafness and deaf people. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
^ Woodward (1997). Sign languages and deaf identities in Thailand and Vietnam. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC, November.
^ Ethnologue report on Chiang Mai Sign Language （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. See also: Woodward, James (2000). Sign languages and sign language families in Thailand and Viet Nam, in Emmorey, Karen, and Harlan Lane, eds., The signs of language revisited: an anthology to honor Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, p.23-47
^ Reilly, Charles and Reilly, Nipapon (2005). The Rising of Lotus Flowers: The Self-Education of Deaf Children in Thai Boarding Schools. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press.

延伸阅读[编辑]

Nonaka, Angela M. (2004). The forgotten endangered languages: Lessons on the importance of remembering from Thailand's Ban Khor Sign Language. In: Language in Society 33:5 (2004) pp. 737–768
Suwanarat, M., C. Reilly, O. Wrigley, A. Ratanasint, and L. Anderson (1986). The Thai Sign Language dictionary. Bangkok: National Association of the Deaf in Thailand.
Suwanarat, M., O. Wrigley, and L. Anderson.(1990). The Thai Sign Language dictionary, Revised and expanded ed. Bangkok: National Association of the Deaf in Thailand.
Wallace, Cassie. 2019. "Spatial Relations along the In-On Continuum in Thai Sign Language." Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 12.1:163-178. Online access

外部链接[编辑]

Survey report of Thai sign languages [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). 泰國手語. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.

[2] Reilly, Charles & Suvannus, Sathaporn (1999). Education of deaf people in the kingdom of Thailand. In Brelje, H.William (ed.) (1999). Global perspectives on education of the deaf in selected countries. Hillsboro, OR: Butte. pp. 367–82. NB. This is a prevalence estimate 1/1000 people as deaf. Based on 2007 figures of Thailand's population, an estimate of 67,000 deaf people is more accurate.^{[来源请求]} Furthermore, hearing-speaking people are beginning to learn and use the Thai Sign Language.

[Woodward_1996-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Woodward, James C. (1996). Modern Standard Thai Sign Language, influence from ASL, and its relationship to original Thai sign varieties. Sign Language Studies 92:227–52. (see p 245)

[4] Suvannus, Sathaporn (1987). Thailand. In Van Cleve, 282–84. In: Van Cleve, John V. (1987) (ed.) Gallaudet encyclopedia of deafness and deaf people. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.

[5] Woodward (1997). Sign languages and deaf identities in Thailand and Vietnam. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC, November.

[6] Ethnologue report on Chiang Mai Sign Language （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. See also: Woodward, James (2000). Sign languages and sign language families in Thailand and Viet Nam, in Emmorey, Karen, and Harlan Lane, eds., The signs of language revisited: an anthology to honor Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, p.23-47

[7] Reilly, Charles and Reilly, Nipapon (2005). The Rising of Lotus Flowers: The Self-Education of Deaf Children in Thai Boarding Schools. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]