鉀的同位素
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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鉀(原子質量單位:39.0983(1))共有28個同位素,其中有2個是穩定的。
圖表[编辑]
符號 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期 | 衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物[n 1] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | ||||||||
31 K[3][4] |
19 | 12 | <10 ps | 3p | 28S | |||
33K | 19 | 14 | 33.00726(21)# | <25 ns | p | 32Ar | (3/2+)# | |
34K | 19 | 15 | 33.99841(32)# | <25 ns | p | 33Ar | 1+# | |
35K | 19 | 16 | 34.988010(21) | 178(8) ms | β+ (99.63%) | 35Ar | 3/2+ | |
β+, p (.37%) | 34Cl | |||||||
36K | 19 | 17 | 35.981292(8) | 342(2) ms | β+ (99.94%) | 36Ar | 2+ | |
β+, p (.048%) | 35Cl | |||||||
β+, α (.012%) | 32S | |||||||
37K | 19 | 18 | 36.97337589(10) | 1.226(7) s | β+ | 37Ar | 3/2+ | |
38K | 19 | 19 | 37.9690812(5) | 7.636(18) min | β+ | 38Ar | 3+ | |
38m1K | 130.50(28) keV | 924.2(3) ms | 0+ | |||||
38m2K | 3458.0(2) keV | 21.98(11) µs | (7+),(5+) | |||||
39 K |
19 | 20 | 38.96370668(20) | 稳定 | 3/2+ | 0.932581(44) | ||
40 K [n 2][n 3] |
19 | 21 | 39.96399848(21) | 1.248(3)×109 y | β− (89.28%) | 40Ca | 4 | 1.17(1)×10−4 |
EC (10.72%) | 40Ar | |||||||
β+ (0.001%)[5] | ||||||||
40mK | 1643.639(11) keV | 336(12) ns | 0+ | |||||
41K | 19 | 22 | 40.96182576(21) | 穩定 | 3/2+ | 0.067302(44) | ||
42K | 19 | 23 | 41.96240281(24) | 12.360(12) h | β− | 42Ca | 2 | |
43K | 19 | 24 | 42.960716(10) | 22.3(1) h | β− | 43Ca | 3/2+ | |
44K | 19 | 25 | 43.96156(4) | 22.13(19) min | β− | 44Ca | 2− | |
45K | 19 | 26 | 44.960699(11) | 17.3(6) min | β− | 45Ca | 3/2+ | |
46K | 19 | 27 | 45.961977(17) | 105(10) s | β− | 46Ca | 2(−) | |
47K | 19 | 28 | 46.961678(9) | 17.50(24) s | β− | 47Ca | 1/2+ | |
48K | 19 | 29 | 47.965514(26) | 6.8(2) s | β− (98.86%) | 48Ca | (2−) | |
β−, n (1.14%) | 47Ca | |||||||
49K | 19 | 30 | 48.96745(8) | 1.26(5) s | β−, n (86%) | 48Ca | (3/2+) | |
β− (14%) | 49Ca | |||||||
50K | 19 | 31 | 49.97278(30) | 472(4) ms | β− (71%) | 50Ca | (0−,1,2−) | |
β−, n (29%) | 49Ca | |||||||
51K | 19 | 32 | 50.97638(54)# | 365(5) ms | β− (53%) | 51Ca | 3/2+# | |
β−, n (47%) | 50Ca | |||||||
52K | 19 | 33 | 51.98261(75)# | 105(5) ms | β−, n (64%) | 51Ca | (2−)# | |
β−, 2n (21%) | 50Ca | |||||||
β− (15%) | 52Ca | |||||||
53K | 19 | 34 | 52.98712(75)# | 30(5) ms | β−, n (67%) | 52Ca | (3/2+)# | |
β−, 2n (17%) | 51Ca | |||||||
β− (16%) | 53Ca | |||||||
54K | 19 | 35 | 53.99420(97)# | 10(5) ms | β− (>99.9%) | 54Ca | 2−# | |
β−, n (<.1%) | 53Ca | |||||||
55K | 19 | 36 | 54.99971(107)# | 3# ms | β− | 55Ca | 3/2+# | |
β−, n | 54Ca | |||||||
56K | 19 | 37 | 56.00851(86)# | 1# ms | β− | 56Ca | 2−# | |
β−, n | 55Ca | |||||||
57K[6][7] | 19 | 38 | β− | 57Ca | ||||
59K[7][n 4] | 19 | 40 | β− | 59Ca |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
氬的同位素 | 鉀的同位素 | 鈣的同位素 |
註釋[编辑]
参考文獻[编辑]
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart
. Nucleonica. [2012-08-15]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- ^ A peculiar atom shakes up assumptions of nuclear structure. Nature. 6 September 2019, 573 (7773): 167. Bibcode:2019Natur.573T.167.. PMID 31506620. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02655-9
.
- ^ Kostyleva, D.; et al. Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope 31K by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 123 (9): 092502. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123i2502K. PMID 31524489. S2CID 159041565. arXiv:1905.08154
. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.092502.
- ^ Engelkemeir, D. W.; Flynn, K. F.; Glendenin, L. E. Positron Emission in the Decay of K40. Physical Review. 1962, 126 (5): 1818 [2015-09-11]. Bibcode:1962PhRv..126.1818E. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.126.1818. (原始内容存档于2019-07-01).
- ^ Neufcourt, L.; Cao, Y.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.; Viens, F. Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 122 (6): 062502–1–062502–6. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122f2502N. PMID 30822058. S2CID 73508148. arXiv:1901.07632
. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Tarasov, O.B. Production of very neutron rich isotopes: What should we know?. 2017 [2023-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2022-02-02).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素與同位素的穩定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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