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花生过敏

维基百科,自由的百科全书
花生过敏
一幅提醒花生过敏者的警告标语
患病率0.6% (美国)
分类和外部资源
医学专科急诊医学
ICD-10T78.4
ICD-9-CM995.3
DiseasesDB29154
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花生过敏(Peanut allergy)是对花生食物过敏,和树坚果过敏不同。身体的过敏症状包括荨麻疹血管性水肿皮肤炎、流鼻涕、哮喘、腹痛、低血压、腹泻,也可能会心搏停止[1]。可能会出现过敏性休克的症状[1]

花生过敏是因为免疫系统产生的即发性过敏反应所造成[2]。花生过敏“因为其发生率、持续性以及过敏反应的潜在严重性,属于严重的食物过敏。”[1]

预防可以在孕妇及婴儿的饮食中,提早加入少量的花生来进行[3][4],建议花生过敏风险高的婴儿最早可以在4个月时,在可以接受医疗照顾的地方接触花生食品[5]。针对过敏型反应的典型治疗方式是注射肾上腺素[2]

在对花生过敏的人之中,部分人只是对花生有轻度过敏反应,但是,花生也会令一些人出现过敏性休克。美国有千分之六的人对花生过敏[6],这也是常见和食物有关的致命过敏反应及接近致命过敏反应[7]在英国,每200个人当中有大约一人对花生敏感。在英国,每年大约有10个人因为对花生的过敏反应死亡[来源请求]。除巴西外,尚未有国家强制要求食品标示其中含有的微量过敏原[8]

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Loza C, Brostoff J. Peanut allergy. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 1995, 25 (6): 493–502. PMID 7648456. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01086.x. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Al-Muhsen S, Clarke AE, Kagan RS. Peanut allergy: an overview. CMAJ. 2003, 168 (10): 1279–1285. PMC 154188可免费查阅. PMID 12743075. 
  3. ^ Ierodiakonou, D; Garcia-Larsen, V; Logan, A; Groome, A; Cunha, S; Chivinge, J; Robinson, Z; Geoghegan, N; Jarrold, K; Reeves, T; Tagiyeva-Milne, N; Nurmatov, U; Trivella, M; Leonardi-Bee, J; Boyle, RJ. Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction to the Infant Diet and Risk of Allergic or Autoimmune Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. JAMA. 20 September 2016, 316 (11): 1181–1192. PMID 27654604. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.12623. 
  4. ^ Togias, A; Cooper, SF; et al. Addendum guidelines for the prevention of peanut allergy in the United States: Report of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases–sponsored expert panel. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2017, 139 (1): 29–44. PMC 5226648可免费查阅. PMID 28065278. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.010. 
  5. ^ Greer, FR; Sicherer, SH; Burks, AW. The Effects of Early Nutritional Interventions on the Development of Atopic Disease in Infants and Children: The Role of Maternal Dietary Restriction, Breastfeeding, Hydrolyzed Formulas, and Timing of Introduction of Allergenic Complementary Foods.. Pediatrics. 2019, 143 (4). ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 30886111. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-0281. 
  6. ^ Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy in the United States: Summary for Parents and Caregivers (PDF). National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 17 January 2017 [16 November 2017]. NIH.gov QuickFacts. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-09). 
  7. ^ Allergy Facts and Figures. Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. 2017 [16 November 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-13). 
  8. ^ Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária Guia sobre Programa de Controle de Alergênicos. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). 2016 [7 April 2018]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-29). 

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