花生过敏

花生过敏
	一幅提醒花生过敏者的警告标语
盛行率	0.6% (美国)
分类和外部资源
医学专科	急诊医学
ICD-10	T78.4
ICD-9-CM	995.3
DiseasesDB	29154
	[编辑此条目的维基数据]

花生过敏（Peanut allergy）是对花生的食物过敏，和树坚果过敏不同。身体的过敏症状包括痒、荨麻疹、血管性水肿、皮肤炎、流鼻涕、哮喘、腹痛、低血压、腹泻，也可能会心搏停止^[1]。可能会出现过敏性休克的症状^[1]。

花生过敏是因为免疫系统产生的即发性过敏反应所造成^[2]。花生过敏“因为其发生率、持续性以及过敏反应的潜在严重性，属于严重的食物过敏。”^[1]。

预防可以在孕妇及婴儿的饮食中，提早加入少量的花生来进行^[3]^[4]，建议花生过敏风险高的婴儿最早可以在4个月时，在可以接受医疗照顾的地方接触花生食品^[5]。针对过敏型反应的典型治疗方式是注射肾上腺素^[2]。

在对花生过敏的人之中，部分人只是对花生有轻度过敏反应，但是，花生也会令一些人出现过敏性休克。美国有千分之六的人对花生过敏^[6]，这也是常见和食物有关的致命过敏反应及接近致命过敏反应^[7]。在英国，每200个人当中有大约一人对花生敏感。在英国，每年大约有10个人因为对花生的过敏反应死亡^{[来源请求]}。除巴西外，尚未有国家强制要求食品标示其中含有的微量过敏原^[8]。

参考资料[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Loza C, Brostoff J. Peanut allergy. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 1995, 25 (6): 493–502. PMID 7648456. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01086.x.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Al-Muhsen S, Clarke AE, Kagan RS. Peanut allergy: an overview. CMAJ. 2003, 168 (10): 1279–1285. PMC 154188 . PMID 12743075.
^ Ierodiakonou, D; Garcia-Larsen, V; Logan, A; Groome, A; Cunha, S; Chivinge, J; Robinson, Z; Geoghegan, N; Jarrold, K; Reeves, T; Tagiyeva-Milne, N; Nurmatov, U; Trivella, M; Leonardi-Bee, J; Boyle, RJ. Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction to the Infant Diet and Risk of Allergic or Autoimmune Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. JAMA. 20 September 2016, 316 (11): 1181–1192. PMID 27654604. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.12623.
^ Togias, A; Cooper, SF; et al. Addendum guidelines for the prevention of peanut allergy in the United States: Report of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases–sponsored expert panel. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2017, 139 (1): 29–44. PMC 5226648 . PMID 28065278. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.010.
^ Greer, FR; Sicherer, SH; Burks, AW. The Effects of Early Nutritional Interventions on the Development of Atopic Disease in Infants and Children: The Role of Maternal Dietary Restriction, Breastfeeding, Hydrolyzed Formulas, and Timing of Introduction of Allergenic Complementary Foods.. Pediatrics. 2019, 143 (4). ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 30886111. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-0281.
^ Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy in the United States: Summary for Parents and Caregivers (PDF). National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 17 January 2017 [16 November 2017]. NIH.gov QuickFacts. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-09）.
^ Allergy Facts and Figures. Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. 2017 [16 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-13）.
^ Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária Guia sobre Programa de Controle de Alergênicos. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). 2016 [7 April 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-29）.

外部链接[编辑]

[Cli2015-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Loza C, Brostoff J. Peanut allergy. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 1995, 25 (6): 493–502. PMID 7648456. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01086.x.

[Canadian_Medical_Association-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Al-Muhsen S, Clarke AE, Kagan RS. Peanut allergy: an overview. CMAJ. 2003, 168 (10): 1279–1285. PMC 154188 . PMID 12743075.

[Ierod-3] Ierodiakonou, D; Garcia-Larsen, V; Logan, A; Groome, A; Cunha, S; Chivinge, J; Robinson, Z; Geoghegan, N; Jarrold, K; Reeves, T; Tagiyeva-Milne, N; Nurmatov, U; Trivella, M; Leonardi-Bee, J; Boyle, RJ. Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction to the Infant Diet and Risk of Allergic or Autoimmune Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. JAMA. 20 September 2016, 316 (11): 1181–1192. PMID 27654604. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.12623.

[Tog2017-4] Togias, A; Cooper, SF; et al. Addendum guidelines for the prevention of peanut allergy in the United States: Report of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases–sponsored expert panel. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2017, 139 (1): 29–44. PMC 5226648 . PMID 28065278. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.010.

[Gre2019-5] Greer, FR; Sicherer, SH; Burks, AW. The Effects of Early Nutritional Interventions on the Development of Atopic Disease in Infants and Children: The Role of Maternal Dietary Restriction, Breastfeeding, Hydrolyzed Formulas, and Timing of Introduction of Allergenic Complementary Foods.. Pediatrics. 2019, 143 (4). ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 30886111. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-0281.

[niaid-6] Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy in the United States: Summary for Parents and Caregivers (PDF). National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 17 January 2017 [16 November 2017]. NIH.gov QuickFacts. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-09）.

[aafa-7] Allergy Facts and Figures. Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. 2017 [16 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-13）.

[ANVISA2016-8] Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária Guia sobre Programa de Controle de Alergênicos. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). 2016 [7 April 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-29）.

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