砹的同位素
外观
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
砹有从191At到223At共33个已知的同位素,都具有放射性。砹最稳定的同位素是半衰期8.1小时的210At,而如果只看存在于天然衰变链的同位素,那么砹最稳定的同位素就是半衰期56秒的219At。
图表
[编辑]符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰变 方式[1] |
衰变 产物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激发能量[n 1][n 2] | ||||||||
191At | 85 | 106 | 1.7(+11−5) ms | (1/2+) | ||||
191mAt | 2.1(+4−3) ms | (7/2−) | ||||||
193At | 85 | 108 | 192.99984(6) | 28(+5−4) ms | α | 189Bi | (1/2+) | |
193m1At | 50 keV | 21(5) ms | (7/2−) | |||||
193m2At | 39 keV | 27(+4−5) ms | (13/2+) | |||||
194At | 85 | 109 | 193.99873(20) | ~40 ms | α | 190Bi | 3+# | |
β+ (不常见) | 194Po | |||||||
194mAt | 480(190) keV | ~250 ms | α | 190Bi | 10−# | |||
IT (不常见) | 194At | |||||||
195At | 85 | 110 | 194.996268(10) | 328(20) ms | α (75%) | 191Bi | (1/2+) | |
β+ (25%) | 195Po | |||||||
195mAt | 34(7) keV | 147(5) ms | 9/2−# | |||||
196At | 85 | 111 | 195.99579(6) | 253(9) ms | α (96%) | 192Bi | 3+# | |
β+ (4.0%) | 196Po | |||||||
196m1At | −30(80) keV | 20# ms | 10−# | |||||
196m2At | 157.9(1) keV | 11 µs | 5+# | |||||
197At | 85 | 112 | 196.99319(5) | 0.390(16) s | α (96%) | 193Bi | (9/2−) | |
β+ (4.0%) | 197Po | |||||||
197mAt | 52(10) keV | 2.0(2) s | (1/2+) | |||||
198At | 85 | 113 | 197.99284(5) | 4.2(3) s | α (94%) | 194Bi | (3+) | |
β+ (6%) | 198Po | |||||||
198mAt | 330(90)# keV | 1.0(2) s | (10−) | |||||
199At | 85 | 114 | 198.99053(5) | 6.92(13) s | α (89%) | 195Bi | (9/2−) | |
β+ (11%) | 199Po | |||||||
200At | 85 | 115 | 199.990351(26) | 43.2(9) s | α (57%) | 196Bi | (3+) | |
β+ (43%) | 200Po | |||||||
200m1At | 112.7(30) keV | 47(1) s | α (43%) | 196Bi | (7+) | |||
IT | 200At | |||||||
β+ | 200Po | |||||||
200m2At | 344(3) keV | 3.5(2) s | (10−) | |||||
201At | 85 | 116 | 200.988417(9) | 85(3) s | α (71%) | 197Bi | (9/2−) | |
β+ (29%) | 201Po | |||||||
202At | 85 | 117 | 201.98863(3) | 184(1) s | β+ (88%) | 202Po | (2,3)+ | |
α (12%) | 198Bi | |||||||
202m1At | 190(40) keV | 182(2) s | (7+) | |||||
202m2At | 580(40) keV | 460(50) ms | (10−) | |||||
203At | 85 | 118 | 202.986942(13) | 7.37(13) min | β+ (69%) | 203Po | 9/2− | |
α (31%) | 199Bi | |||||||
204At | 85 | 119 | 203.987251(26) | 9.2(2) min | β+ (96%) | 204Po | 7+ | |
α (3.8%) | 200Bi | |||||||
204mAt | 587.30(20) keV | 108(10) ms | IT | 204At | (10−) | |||
205At | 85 | 120 | 204.986074(16) | 26.2(5) min | β+ (90%) | 205Po | 9/2− | |
α (10%) | 201Bi | |||||||
205mAt | 2339.65(23) keV | 7.76(14) µs | 29/2+ | |||||
206At | 85 | 121 | 205.986667(22) | 30.6(13) min | β+ (99.11%) | 206Po | (5)+ | |
α (0.9%) | 202Bi | |||||||
206mAt | 807(3) keV | 410(80) ns | (10)− | |||||
207At | 85 | 122 | 206.985784(23) | 1.80(4) h | β+ (91%) | 207Po | 9/2− | |
α (8.6%) | 203Bi | |||||||
208At | 85 | 123 | 207.986590(28) | 1.63(3) h | β+ (99.5%) | 208Po | 6+ | |
α (0.55%) | 204Bi | |||||||
209At | 85 | 124 | 208.986173(8) | 5.41(5) h | β+ (96%) | 209Po | 9/2− | |
α (4.0%) | 205Bi | |||||||
210At | 85 | 125 | 209.987148(8) | 8.1(4) h | β+ (99.8%) | 210Po | (5)+ | |
α (0.18%) | 206Bi | |||||||
210m1At | 2549.6(2) keV | 482(6) µs | (15)− | |||||
210m2At | 4027.7(2) keV | 5.66(7) µs | (19)+ | |||||
211At | 85 | 126 | 210.9874963(30) | 7.214(7) h | ε (58.2%) | 211Po | 9/2− | |
α (42%) | 207Bi | |||||||
212At | 85 | 127 | 211.990745(8) | 0.314(2) s | α (99.95%) | 208Bi | (1−) | |
β+ (0.05%) | 212Po | |||||||
β− (2×10−6%) | 212Rn | |||||||
212m1At | 223(7) keV | 0.119(3) s | α (99%) | 208Bi | (9−) | |||
IT (1%) | 212At | |||||||
212m2At | 4771.6(11) keV | 152(5) µs | (25−) | |||||
213At | 85 | 128 | 212.992937(5) | 125(6) ns | α | 209Bi | 9/2− | |
214At | 85 | 129 | 213.996372(5) | 558(10) ns | α | 210Bi | 1− | |
214m1At | 59(9) keV | 265(30) ns | ||||||
214m2At | 231(6) keV | 760(15) ns | 9− | |||||
215At | 85 | 130 | 214.998653(7) | 0.10(2) ms | α | 211Bi | 9/2− | 痕量[n 4] |
216At | 85 | 131 | 216.002423(4) | 0.30(3) ms | α (99.99%) | 212Bi | 1− | |
β− (.006%) | 216Rn | |||||||
ε (3×10−7%) | 216Po | |||||||
216mAt | 413(5) keV | 100# µs | (9−) | |||||
217At | 85 | 132 | 217.004719(5) | 32.3(4) ms | α (99.98%) | 213Bi | 9/2− | 痕量[n 5] |
β− (.012%) | 217Rn | |||||||
218At | 85 | 133 | 218.008694(12) | 1.27(6) s[2] | α (99.9%) | 214Bi | 1−# | 痕量[n 6] |
β− (0.10%) | 218Rn | |||||||
219At | 85 | 134 | 219.011162(4) | 56(3) s | α (97%) | 215Bi | (9/2−) | 痕量[n 4] |
β− (3.0%) | 219Rn | |||||||
220At | 85 | 135 | 220.01541(6) | 3.71(4) min | β− (92%) | 220Rn | 3(−#) | |
α (8.0%) | 216Bi | |||||||
221At | 85 | 136 | 221.01805(21)# | 2.3(2) min | β− | 221Rn | 3/2−# | |
222At | 85 | 137 | 222.02233(32)# | 54(10) s | β− | 222Rn | ||
223At | 85 | 138 | 223.02519(43)# | 50(7) s | 3/2−# |
备注:画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,只是理论推测而已,而用括号括起来的代表数据不确定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
钋的同位素 | 砹的同位素 | 氡的同位素 |
注释
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,仅为理论推测。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
- ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。
- ^ 4.0 4.1 235U的衰变产物
- ^ 237Np的衰变产物
- ^ 238U的衰变产物
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- ^ Cubiss, J. G.; Andreyev, A. N.; Barzakh, A. E.; Andel, B.; Antalic, S.; Cocolios, T. E.; Goodacre, T. Day; Fedorov, D. V.; Fedosseev, V. N.; Ferrer, R.; Fink, D. A.; Gaffney, L. P.; Ghys, L.; Huyse, M.; Kalaninová, Z.; Köster, U.; Marsh, B. A.; Molkanov, P. L.; Rossel, R. E.; Rothe, S.; Seliverstov, M. D.; Sels, S.; Sjödin, A. M.; Stryjczyk, M.; L.Truesdale, V.; Van Beveren, C.; Van Duppen, P.; Wilson, G. L. Fine structure in the α decay of At218. Physical Review C (American Physical Society (APS)). 2019-06-14, 99 (6). ISSN 2469-9985. doi:10.1103/physrevc.99.064317.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素与同位素的稳定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|