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跨性別性行為

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跨性別性行為（英語：Transgender sexuality）是描述跨性別人士的性行為。

歷史上，研究認為跨性別性行為可能與傳統的人類性行為有所不同。 在20世紀的大部分時間裡，所謂的「性別轉換症」被認為是有性的[1][2]，因此是這些術語被定義的由來。[3][4][5]

事實上，和其他所有性別一樣，跨性別人群表現出各種可能的性取向和性吸引，[6] 包括缺乏性吸引力的無性戀。[7]

性取向標籤

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歷史上，臨床醫生將跨性別者標記為異性戀或同性戀者，與其出生時的性別指定相關。[8]大多數跨性別人士認爲這具有冒犯性，並且傾向於定義與其性別認同相關的性取向。[9]例如，跨性別女同性戀者同時是跨性別女性（出生時性別指定為男性的女性）和女同性戀者（被其他女性吸引的女性）。[10][11]

性取向分布

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2015年針對跨性別者的調查顯示，自我認定為酷兒者占21％，泛性戀者占18％，男同性戀者或女同性戀者占16％，異性戀者占15％，雙性戀者占14％，而無性戀者占10％。[12]

跨性別女性

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一次對約3000名跨性別女性的調查顯示，至少有60％被女性吸引。[13]在跨性別女性中，27％的受訪者自稱為同性戀、女同性戀或同性戀愛戀，20％回答雙性戀，19％異性戀，16％男性，6％回答無性，6％酷兒，6％沒有回答。[12]

跨性別男性

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到20世紀90年代中期，跨性別男性中的性別認同和性取向的範圍已經被公認，[14]大部分跨性別男性主要或完全被女性吸引。[15][16][17][18]

Foerster報道了一位女性與一位在20世紀60年代後期性別轉換的跨性別男性之間已有15年成功的關係。[19][20]

性取向和性別轉換

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一些跨性別人士在他們的一生中保持一致的性取向，[21][22]在某些情況下，性別轉換後仍與同一個伴侶在一起。[23]在其他情況下，他們在性伴侶方面的選擇可能會在性別轉換後發生改變。[24]

參見

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ American Psychological Association (APA)(2000)" Gender Identity Disorder in DSM IV TR. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
  2. ^ Buhrish N, McConaghy N (1979). Three clinically discrete categories of fetishistic transvestism..Archives of Sexual Behavior Volume 8, Number 2 / March, 1979.
  3. ^ Person, E; Ovesey, L. The transsexual syndrome in males. I. Primary transsexualism. American Journal of Psychotherapy. 1974, 28 (1): 4–20. PMID 4812111. 
  4. ^ Person, E; Ovesey, L. The transsexual syndrome in males. II. Secondary transsexualism. American Journal of Psychotherapy. 1974b, 28 (2): 174–193. PMID 4829699. 
  5. ^ Wahng SJ (2004). Double Cross: Transamasculinity Asian American Gendering in Trappings of Transhood. in Aldama AJ (ed.) Violence and the Body: Race, Gender, and the State. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34171-X "Thus the institutionalized recognition of the queer-identified, or homosexual, transsexual, is historically groundbreaking. Rosario scrutinized how transgenderism has been described in relation to homosexuality and heterosexuality in both the revised third edition and the fourth edition of the [DSM]. In the DSM-III-R, the classification of "transsexualism" was divided into "homosexual" and "heterosexual" subtypes. However, sexual orientation was based on one's birth sex, so that an FTM who was attracted to women would be deemed a female homosexual transsexual, whereas an FTM attracted to men would be considered a female heterosexual transsexual. These diagnoses were especially confusing since a female homosexual transsexual – that is, an FTM who desires women – would actually identify himself as a heterosexual trans man. And an FTM who desires men, a female heterosexual transsexual, would self-identify as either a gay man or a queer-identified FTM."
  6. ^ Tobin HJ (2003). Sexuality in Transsexual and Transgender Individuals Part I: A Review of the Literature.
  7. ^ Devor H (1997). FTM: Female-to-Male Transsexuals in Society. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21259-6
  8. ^ Chivers, Meredith L.; Bailey, J. Michael. Sexual Orientation of Female-to-Male Transsexuals: A Comparison of Homosexual and Nonhomosexual Types. Archives of Sexual Behavior
  9. ^ Bagemihl B. Surrogate phonology and transsexual faggotry: A linguistic analogy for uncoupling sexual orientation from gender identity. In Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality. Anna Livia, Kira Hall (eds.) pp. 380 ff. Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-510471-4
  10. ^ Transgender FAQ. 8 November 2013 [2018-05-27]. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-08）. 
  11. ^ Gates, Garry, the Williams Institute - How many people are Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender? (PDF). [2018-05-27]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2019-03-21）. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 James, S. E., Herman, J. L., Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey (PDF). National Center for Transgender Equality. 2016. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2018-05-09）. 
  13. ^ Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (PDF). National Center for Transgender Equality & National Gay and Lesbian Task Force: 29. [2018-05-27]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-08-03）. 
  14. ^ Linnea Due (October 25, 1995). Genderation X. San Francisco Weekly
  15. ^ Devor H (1993). Sexual Orientation Identities, Attractions, and Practices of Female-to-Male Transsexuals. The Journal of Sex Research, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Nov., 1993), pp. 303–315
  16. ^ Devor H (1997). FTM: Female-to-male transsexuals in society. Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-33631-6
  17. ^ Ira B. Pauly (1998). Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation. In Dallas Denny, ed. Current Concepts in Transgender Identity. Routledge, ISBN 978-0-8153-1793-7
  18. ^ Virginia A. Sadock, Harold I. Kaplan (2008). Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry, p. 329. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ISBN 978-0-7817-8746-8
  19. ^ Foerster, DW. Female to Male Transsexual Conversion: A 15-Year Follow-Up. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1983, 72 (2): 237. doi:10.1097/00006534-198308000-00024. 
  20. ^ G. Kockott, E. -M. Fahrner (1988). Male-to-female and Female-to-male transsexuals: A comparison. Archives of Sexual Behavior, Volume 17, Number 6 / December, 1988
  21. ^ Ashley A, Thompson D (1986). The First Lady. John Blake Publishing, ISBN 1-84454-231-9
  22. ^ Cossey C (1992). My Story. Faber & Faber, ISBN 0-571-16251-7
  23. ^ Boylan JF (2003). She's Not There: A Life in Two Genders. Broadway ISBN 0-7679-1404-X
  24. ^ Daskalos, CD. Changes in the Sexual Orientation of Six Heterosexual Male-to-Female Transsexuals. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 1998, 6 (6): 605–614. doi:10.1023/A:1018725201811. 
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