接合菌门

接合菌门
	Phycomyces sp.的圆球形孢子囊
科学分类
界：	真菌界 Fungi
门：	接合菌门 Zygomycota; Moreau, 1954
綱
	接合菌綱 Zygomycetes; 毛菌綱 Trichomycetes;

接合菌门（学名：Zygomycota）是一类真菌。其孢子分為有性及無性兩種，有性生殖為接合孢子，無性生殖為孢囊孢子；此門菌物的菌絲屬於「無隔多核」。

分類

傳統上依據形態將真菌分為接合菌門（Zygomycetes）、子囊菌門(Ascomycetes)、及担子菌門(Basidiomycetes)，然而許多傳統上因為形態簡單被視為接合菌的真菌因為分子證據而被移入子囊菌（如青黴菌、黑黴菌）；分子證據也顯示接合菌是一個旁系群。

2007年，戴维·希贝特（David Hibbett）将接合菌门分为4个亚门：毛霉亚门、梳霉亚门、虫霉亚门和捕虫霉亚门^[1]，2011年坷·霍夫曼（Käthe Hoffmann）又增加了一个孢霉亚门^[2]。2014年虫霉亚门升为虫霉门^[3]。2016年，Joseph W. Spatafora根据基因组数据将接合菌门重新拆分为捕虫霉门和毛霉门，其中捕虫霉门包括虫霉亚门、梳霉亚门和捕虫霉亚门，毛霉门包括球囊霉亚门、被孢霉亚门和毛霉亚门^[4]。

因為過去的研究較少，加上系統發生學不斷引入各種新的分子技術和統計學模型，真菌的分類目前時常發生大幅變動，目前較新的分類方式是將接合菌分成下列四支^{[來源請求]}：

黴菌綱 Mucoromycotina
- Endogonales
- 毛黴目 Mucorales
- Mortierellales
Kickxellomycotina:
Entomophthorales
Zoopagales

参考文献

^ Hibbett, David S.; Binder, Manfred; Bischoff, Joseph F.; Blackwell, Meredith; Cannon, Paul F.; Eriksson, Ove E.; Huhndorf, Sabine; James, Timothy; Kirk, Paul M.; Lücking, Robert; Thorsten Lumbsch, H.; Lutzoni, François; Matheny, P. Brandon; McLaughlin, David J.; Powell, Martha J.; Redhead, Scott; Schoch, Conrad L.; Spatafora, Joseph W.; Stalpers, Joost A.; Vilgalys, Rytas; Aime, M. Catherine; Aptroot, André; Bauer, Robert; Begerow, Dominik; Benny, Gerald L.; Castlebury, Lisa A.; Crous, Pedro W.; Dai, Yu-Cheng; Gams, Walter; Geiser, David M.; Griffith, Gareth W.; Gueidan, Cécile; Hawksworth, David L.; Hestmark, Geir; Hosaka, Kentaro; Humber, Richard A.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Ironside, Joseph E.; Kõljalg, Urmas; Kurtzman, Cletus P.; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Lichtwardt, Robert; Longcore, Joyce; Miądlikowska, Jolanta; Miller, Andrew; Moncalvo, Jean-Marc; Mozley-Standridge, Sharon; Oberwinkler, Franz; Parmasto, Erast; Reeb, Valérie; Rogers, Jack D.; Roux, Claude; Ryvarden, Leif; Sampaio, José Paulo; Schüßler, Arthur; Sugiyama, Junta; Thorn, R. Greg; Tibell, Leif; Untereiner, Wendy A.; Walker, Christopher; Wang, Zheng; Weir, Alex; Weiss, Michael; White, Merlin M.; Winka, Katarina; Yao, Yi-Jian; Zhang, Ning. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. Mycological Research. 2007-05-01, 111 (5): 509–547. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004.
^ Hoffmann, K.; Voigt, K.; Kirk, P.M. Mortierellomycotina subphyl. nov., based on multi-gene genealogies. Mycotaxon. 2011-05-09, 115 (1): 353–363. doi:10.5248/115.353.
^ Systematics and evolution : part a.. [Place of publication not identified]: Springer. ISBN 978-3-662-49578-0.
^ Spatafora, Joseph W.; Chang, Ying; Benny, Gerald L.; Lazarus, Katy; Smith, Matthew E.; Berbee, Mary L.; Bonito, Gregory; Corradi, Nicolas; Grigoriev, Igor; Gryganskyi, Andrii; James, Timothy Y.; O’Donnell, Kerry; Roberson, Robert W.; Taylor, Thomas N.; Uehling, Jessie; Vilgalys, Rytas; White, Merlin M.; Stajich, Jason E. A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data. Mycologia. 2016-09, 108 (5): 1028–1046. doi:10.3852/16-042.

外部連結

微生物免疫學-Zygomycetes(接合菌綱)
（英文）Zygomycota at the Tree of Life Web Project
（英文）Zygomycetes.org

[1] Hibbett, David S.; Binder, Manfred; Bischoff, Joseph F.; Blackwell, Meredith; Cannon, Paul F.; Eriksson, Ove E.; Huhndorf, Sabine; James, Timothy; Kirk, Paul M.; Lücking, Robert; Thorsten Lumbsch, H.; Lutzoni, François; Matheny, P. Brandon; McLaughlin, David J.; Powell, Martha J.; Redhead, Scott; Schoch, Conrad L.; Spatafora, Joseph W.; Stalpers, Joost A.; Vilgalys, Rytas; Aime, M. Catherine; Aptroot, André; Bauer, Robert; Begerow, Dominik; Benny, Gerald L.; Castlebury, Lisa A.; Crous, Pedro W.; Dai, Yu-Cheng; Gams, Walter; Geiser, David M.; Griffith, Gareth W.; Gueidan, Cécile; Hawksworth, David L.; Hestmark, Geir; Hosaka, Kentaro; Humber, Richard A.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Ironside, Joseph E.; Kõljalg, Urmas; Kurtzman, Cletus P.; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Lichtwardt, Robert; Longcore, Joyce; Miądlikowska, Jolanta; Miller, Andrew; Moncalvo, Jean-Marc; Mozley-Standridge, Sharon; Oberwinkler, Franz; Parmasto, Erast; Reeb, Valérie; Rogers, Jack D.; Roux, Claude; Ryvarden, Leif; Sampaio, José Paulo; Schüßler, Arthur; Sugiyama, Junta; Thorn, R. Greg; Tibell, Leif; Untereiner, Wendy A.; Walker, Christopher; Wang, Zheng; Weir, Alex; Weiss, Michael; White, Merlin M.; Winka, Katarina; Yao, Yi-Jian; Zhang, Ning. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. Mycological Research. 2007-05-01, 111 (5): 509–547. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004.

[2] Hoffmann, K.; Voigt, K.; Kirk, P.M. Mortierellomycotina subphyl. nov., based on multi-gene genealogies. Mycotaxon. 2011-05-09, 115 (1): 353–363. doi:10.5248/115.353.

[3] Systematics and evolution : part a.. [Place of publication not identified]: Springer. ISBN 978-3-662-49578-0.

[4] Spatafora, Joseph W.; Chang, Ying; Benny, Gerald L.; Lazarus, Katy; Smith, Matthew E.; Berbee, Mary L.; Bonito, Gregory; Corradi, Nicolas; Grigoriev, Igor; Gryganskyi, Andrii; James, Timothy Y.; O’Donnell, Kerry; Roberson, Robert W.; Taylor, Thomas N.; Uehling, Jessie; Vilgalys, Rytas; White, Merlin M.; Stajich, Jason E. A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data. Mycologia. 2016-09, 108 (5): 1028–1046. doi:10.3852/16-042.

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