鹰科
鹰科 化石时期：
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| 短尾雕 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 鸟纲 Aves |
| 目： | 鹰形目 Accipitriformes |
| 科： | 鹰科 Accipitridae Vieillot, 1816 |
| 亚科 | |
鹰科在鸟类传统分类系统中是鸟纲中的隼形目中的一个科，但現在改分至鷹形目。是鷹形目鸟类两个最大的科之一。
在狹義的定義上，小型鷹科猛禽泛稱為鷹，大型鷹科猛禽泛稱為鵰，某些中型鷹科猛禽稱為鵟。[1]
亞科與屬
- 鸢亚科 Elaninae
- 蜂鹰亚科 Perninae
- 西非鹃隼 Aviceda cuculoides
- 马达加斯加鹃隼 Aviceda madagascariensis
- 褐冠鹃隼 Aviceda jerdoni
- 凤头鹃隼 Aviceda subcristata
- 黑冠鹃隼 Aviceda leuphotes
- 长尾鵟 Hernicopernis longicauda
- 黑长尾鹰 Hernicopernis infuscatus
- 蜂鹰 Pernis apivorus
- 凤头蜂鹰 Pernis ptilorhynchus
- 菲律宾蜂鹰 Pernis celebensis
- 黑头鸢 Leptodon cayanensis
- 白颈鸢 Leptodon forbesi
- 钩嘴鸢 Chondrohierax uncinatus
- 燕尾鸢 Elanoides forficatus
- 齿鹰亚科 Milvinae
- 鹰亚科 Accipitrinae
- 苍鹰 Accipiter gentilis
- 雀鹰 Accipiter nisus
- 灰腹鹰 Accipiter poliogaster
- 凤头鹰 Accipiter trivirgatus
- 灰头凤头鹰 Accipiter griseiceps
- 红胸鹰 Accipiter toussenelii
- 非洲鹰 Accipiter tachiro
- 赤腹鹰 Accipiter soloensis
- 马达加斯加鹰 Accipiter francesii
- 斑点尾鹰 Accipiter trinotatus
- 灰鹰 Accipiter novaehollandiae
- 褐鹰 Accipiter fasciatus
- 黑背鹰 Accipiter melanochlamys
- 鹊色鹰 Accipiter albogularis
- 棕颈鹰 Accipiter rufitorques
- 白腹鹰 Accipiter haplochrous
- 摩鹿加雀鷹 Accipiter henicogrammus
- 苍头鹰 Accipiter poliocephalus
- 灰头鹰 Accipiter princeps
- 黑白雀鹰 Accipiter melanoleucus
- 亨氏鹰 Accipiter henstii
- 白颊雀鹰 Accipiter meyerianus
- 栗胁鹰 Accipiter castanilius
- 尼科巴群岛雀鹰 Accipiter butleri
- 东方雀鹰 Accipiter brevipes
- 兰灰雀鹰 Accipiter luteoschistaceus
- 拟雀鹰 Accipiter imitator
- 红腿雀鹰 Accipiter erythropus
- 非洲小雀鹰 Accipiter minullus
- 日本松雀鹰 Accipiter gularis
- 小雀鹰 Accipiter nanus
- 红颈雀鹰 Accipiter erythrauchen
- 领雀鹰 Accipiter cirrocephalus
- 短尾雀鹰 Accipiter brachyurus
- 葡萄胸雀鹰 Accipiter rhodogaster
- 马达加斯加雀鹰 Accipiter madagascariensis
- 南非雀鹰 Accipiter ovampensis
- 棕胸雀鹰 Accipiter rufiventris
- 褐耳雀鹰 Accipiter badius
- 侏儒鹰 Accipiter superciliosus
- 半领鹰 Accipiter collaris
- 条纹鹰 Accipiter striatus
- 白胸鹰 Accipiter chionogaster
- 平胸鹰 Accipiter ventralis
- 红腿鹰 Accipiter erythronemius
- 鸡鹰 Accipiter cooperii
- 古巴鹰 Accipiter gundlachi
- 双色鹰 Accipiter bicolor
- 松雀鹰 Accipiter virgatus
- 红脸歌鹰 Micronisus gabar
- 歌鹰 Melierax metabates
- 灰歌鹰 Melierax poliopterus
- 淡色歌鹰 Melierax canorus
- 非洲长尾鹰 Urotriorchis macrourus
- 赤鹰 Erythrotriorchis radiatus
- 褐肩鹰 Erythrotriorchis buergersi
- 巨赤鹰 Megatriorchis doriae
- 鵟亚科 Buteoninae
- 鵟雕 Geranoaetus melanoleucus
- 普通鵟 Buteo buteo
- 红尾鵟 Buteo jamaicensis
- 棕尾鵟 Buteo rufinus
- 毛腿鵟 Buteo lagopus
- 王鵟 Buteo regalis
- 赤肩鵟 Buteo lineatus
- 巨翅鵟 Buteo platypterus
- 斯温氏鵟 Buteo swainsoni
- 大嘴鵟 Buteo magnirostris
- 岛鵟 Buteo ridgwayi
- 白腰鵟 Buteo leucorrhous
- 短尾鵟 Buteo brachyurus
- 白颈鵟 Buteo albigula
- 白尾鵟 Buteo albicaudatus
- 加拉帕戈斯群岛鵟 Buteo galapagoensis
- 红背鵟 Buteo polyosoma
- 变色鵟 Buteo poecilochrous
- 带尾鵟 Buteo albonotatus
- 孤鵟 Buteo solitarius
- 美洲棕尾鵟 Buteo ventralis
- 山鵟 Buteo oreophilus
- 短翅鵟 Buteo brachypterus
- 大鵟 Buteo hemilasius
- 非洲赤尾鵟 Buteo auguralis
- 棕鵟 Buteo augur
- 阿切氏鵟 Buteo archeri
- 暗棕鵟 Buteo rufofuscus
- 栗翅鹰 Parabuteo unicinctus
- 黑鸡鵟 Buteogallus anthracinus
- 红树黑鸡鵟 Buteogallus subtilis
- 大黑鸡鵟 Buteogallus urubitinga
- 棕鸡鵟 Buteogallus aequinoctialis
- 草原鹰 Buteogallus meridionalis
- 黑领鹰 Busarellus nigricollis
- 铅头南美鵟 Leucopternis plumbea
- 鼠灰南美鵟 Leucopternis schistacea
- 横斑南美鵟 Leucopternis princeps
- 黑脸南美鵟 Leucopternis melanops
- 白眉南美鵟 Leucopternis kuhli
- 白颈南美鵟 Leucopternis lacernulata
- 淡灰南美鵟 Leucopternis semiplumbea
- 白领南美鵟 Leucopternis albicollis
- 灰背南美鵟 Leucopternis occidentalis
- 斗蓬南美鵟 Leucopternis polionota
- 蜥鵟 Kaupifalco monogrammicus
- 蝗鵟鹰 Butastur rufipennis
- 白眼鵟鹰 Butastur teesa
- 棕翅鵟鹰 Butastur liventer
- 灰脸鵟鹰 Butastur indicus
- 冕雕 Harpyhaliaetus coronatus
- 孤冕雕 Harpyhaliaetus solitarius
- 冠雕 Morphnus guianensis
- 角雕 Harpia harpyja
- 食猿鵰 Pithecophaga jefferyi
- 新幾內亞角鵰 Harpyopsis novaeguineae
- 黑栗雕 Oroaetus isidori
- 黑白鹰雕 Spizastur melanoleucus
- 叫鹰雕 Spizaetus africanus
- 凤头鹰雕 Spizaetus cirrhatus
- 鹰雕 Spizaetus nipalensis
- 马来鹰雕 Spizaetus alboniger
- 爪哇鹰雕 Spizaetus bartelsi
- 苏拉威西岛鹰雕 Spizaetus lanceolatus
- 菲律宾鹰雕 Spizaetus philippensis
- 小鹰雕 Spizaetus nanus
- 黑鹰雕 Spizaetus tyrannus
- 饰冠鹰雕 Spizaetus ornatus
- 高冠鹰雕 Lophaetus occipitalis
- 冠鹰雕 Stephanoaetus coronatus
- 猛雕 Polemaetus bellicosus
- 白腹隼雕 Hieraaetus fasciatus
- 靴雕 Hieraaetus pennatus
- 非洲隼雕 Hieraaetus spilogaster
- 小雕 Hieraaetus morphnoides
- 艾氏雕 Hieraaetus ayresii
- 棕腹隼雕 Hieraaetus kienerii
- 金雕 Aquila chrysaetos
- 白肩雕 Aquila heliaca
- 西班牙白肩雕 Aquila (heliaca) adalberti
- 亚洲草原雕 Aquila nipalensis
- 棕色草原雕 Aquila rapax
- 乌雕 Aquila clanga
- 小乌雕 Aquila pomarina
- 黑雕 Aquila verreauxii
- 格尼氏雕 Aquila gurneyi
- 细嘴雕 Aquila wahlbergi
- 楔尾雕 Aquila audax
- 林雕 Ictinaetus malayensis
- 白尾海雕 Haliaeetus albicilla
- 白头海雕 Haliaeetus leucocephalus
- 虎头海雕 Haliaeetus pelagicus
- 吼海雕 Haliaeetus vocifer
- 白腹海雕 Haliaeetus leucogaster
- 所罗门群岛海雕 Haliaeetus sanfordi
- 马达加斯加海雕 Haliaeetus vociferoides
- 玉带海雕 Haliaeetus leucoryphus
- 小渔雕 Ichthyophaga humilis
- 灰头渔雕 Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus
- 秃鹫亚科 Aegypiinae
- 黑兀鹫 Sarcogyps calvus
- 秃鹫 Aegypius monachus
- 肉垂秃鹫 Torgos tracheliotus
- 白头秃鹫 Trigonoceps occipitalis
- 西域兀鷲 Gyps fulvus
- 黑白兀鹫 Gyps rueppellii
- 高山兀鹫 Gyps himalayensis
- 南非兀鹫 Gyps coprotheres
- 非洲白背兀鹫 Gyps africanus
- 印度白背兀鹫 Gyps bengalensis
- 长喙兀鹫 Gyps indicus
- 白兀鹫 Neophron percnopterus
- 头巾兀鹫 Necrosyrtes monachus
- 棕榈鹫 Gypohierax angolensis
- 胡兀鹫 Gypaetus barbatus
- 鹞亚科 Circinae
- 乌灰鹞 Circus pygargus
- 白尾鹞 Circus cyaneus
- 白头鹞 Circus aeruginosus
- 东方沼泽鹞 Circus spilonotus
- 非洲沼泽鹞 Circus ranivorus
- 沼泽鹞 Circus approximans
- 马达加斯加鹞 Circus maillardi
- 长翅鹞 Circus buffoni
- 斑点鹞 Circus assimilis
- 黑鹞 Circus maurus
- 灰鹞 Circus cinereus
- 草原鹞 Circus macrourus
- 鹊鹞 Circus melanoleucos
- 马达加斯加猎鹰 Polyboroides radiatus
- 非洲猎鹰 Polyboroides typus
- 鹤鹰 Geranospiza caerulescens
- 蛇雕亚科 Circaetinae
- 短尾雕 Terathopius ecaudatus
- 短趾雕 Circaetus gallicus
- 黑胸短趾雕 Circaetus pectoralis
- 灰短趾雕 Circaetus cinereus
- 斑短趾雕 Circaetus fasciolatus
- 小斑短趾雕 Circaetus cinerascens
- 大冠鷲 Spilornis cheela
- 尼科巴群岛蛇雕 Spilornis minimus
- 山蛇雕Spilornis kinabaluensis
- 苏拉威西岛蛇雕 Spilornis rufipectus
- 菲律宾蛇雕 Spilornis holospilus
- 安达曼群岛蛇雕 Spilornis elgini
參考文獻
- ^ 《猛禽觀察圖鑑》，林文宏/著，第18頁。
- Alcover, Josep Antoni. Les Aus fòssils de la Cova de Ca Na Reia ["The fossil birds of Ca Na Reia cave"] (pdf). Endins. 1989, (14–15): 95–100 [2011-05-26]. ISSN 0211-2515. OCLC 41447612. （原始内容存档于2012-03-10） （加泰罗尼亚语及英语）.
- Amaral, Karina Felipe; Jorge, Wilham. The chromosomes of the Order Falconiformes: a review (PDF). Ararajuba. 2003, 11 (1): 65–73 [2011-05-26]. ISSN 0103-5657. OCLC 23686049. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2011-04-14）.
- American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). AMNH FR 2941 specimen information. 2007 [2011-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-13）.
- Brathwaite, D. H. Notes on the weight, flying ability, habitat, and prey of Haast's Eagle (Harpagornis moorei) (PDF). Notornis. 1992, 39 (4): 239–247 [2011-05-26]. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2012-01-19）.
- Cracraft, Joel. Notes on fossil hawks (Accipitridae) (pdf). Auk. 1969, 86 (2): 353–354 [2011-05-26]. doi:10.2307/4083514. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04）.
- L. E. M. de Boer. Karyological heterogeneity in the Falconiformes (aves). Experientia. 1975-10-01, 31 (10): 1138–1139 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0014-4754. doi:10.1007/bf02326755. （原始内容存档于2018-06-05） （英语）.
- Concetta Federico, Catia Daniela Cantarella, Cinzia Scavo, Salvatore Saccone, Bertrand Bed'Hom, Giorgio Bernardi. Avian genomes: different karyotypes but a similar distribution of the GC-richest chromosome regions at interphase. Chromosome Research. 2005-12-01, 13 (8): 785–793 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0967-3849. doi:10.1007/s10577-005-1012-7. （原始内容存档于2018-06-14） （英语）.
- Ferguson-Lees, James; Christie, David A. Raptors of the World. Illustrated by Kim Franklin, David Mead, and Philip Burton. Houghton Mifflin. 2001 [2013-11-30]. ISBN 978-0-618-12762-7. （原始内容存档于2014-01-03）.
- del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (编). Handbook of the Birds of the World 2. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 1994. ISBN 84-87334-15-6.
- Heather R.L. Lerner, David P. Mindell. Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: 327–346. [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010. （原始内容存档于2018-06-28）.
- Loye Miller. Bird Remains from the Kern River Pliocene of California. The Condor. 1931, 33 (2): 70–72 [2018-04-02]. doi:10.2307/1363312. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）.
- JUAN J. NEGRO. Two aberrant serpent-eagles may be visual mimics of bird-eating raptors. Ibis. 2008-04-01, 150 (2): 307–314 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1474-919X. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2007.00782.x （英语）.
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- Hau-Jie Shiu, Ken-ichi Tokita, Emiko Morishita, Emiko Hiraoka, Yinyin Wu, Hiroshi Nakamura, Hiroyoshi Higuchi. Route and site fidelity of two migratory raptors: Grey-faced Buzzards Butastur indicus and Honey-buzzards Pernis apivorus. Ornithological Science. 2006-12-01, 5 (2): 151–156 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1347-0558. doi:10.2326/osj.5.151. （原始内容存档于2016-04-11）.
- Smith, Richard. Les vertébrés terrestres de l'Oligocène inférieur de Belgique (Formation de Borgloon, MP 21): inventaire et interprétation des données actuelles. [Early Oligocene terrestrial vertebrates from Belgium (Borgloon Formation, MP 21): catalog and interpretation of recent data.] (PDF). Coloquios de Paleontología. 2003, E1: 647–657 [2011-05-26]. ISSN 1132-1660. OCLC 55101786. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2011-06-09） （法语及英语）.
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外部链接
- 鹰科介绍（英文）（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Accipitridae videos（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） on the Internet Bird Collection
- xeno-canto.org: Accipitridae sounds. Retrieved 2006-DEC-01.
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