5-羟色胺受体
外观
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/4IAR.png/220px-4IAR.png)
5-羟色胺受体,也被称为血清素受体或5-HT受体,是一群于中枢神经系统中央处和末梢神经系统周边出现的G蛋白偶联受体及配体门控离子通道。[1][2]它们同时调节兴奋性和抑制性神经传导物质的传递。
分类
[编辑]血清素受体可分为七个亚科 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, 5-HT7。至少有十四种受体亚型已被发现,包含G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptor)和配体门控离子通道(ligand-gated ion channel)。
- 5-HT1受体是5-HT受体家族中最庞大的一科,包括5-HT1A、5-HT1B、5-HT1D、5-HT1E、5-HT1F五种受体蛋白。没有5-HT1C受体,因为它被重新分类为5-HT2C受体。
- 5-HT2受体亚家族包括5-HT2A、5-HT2B,和5-HT2C三种受体蛋白。
- 5-HT3受体
- 5-HT4受体
- 5-HT5受体亚家族包括5-HT5A、5-HT5B两种受体蛋白。(其中5B受体在人类中为假基因,无受体表达)
- 5-HT6受体
- 5-HT7受体
总共有十四种受体亚型。
除了5-HT3受体是配体门控离子通道以外,其它的所有血清素受体都是G蛋白偶联受体,激活细胞内的第二信使来产生效应。在2014年,在菜粉蝶基因组中发现了一种新的5-HT受体,被命名为pr5-HT8。它与已知的各类5-HT受体相似度很低,在哺乳动物中没有类似基因。[3]
家族
[编辑]七个亚科 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, 5-HT7。
家族 | 类型 | 作用机制 | 类别 |
5-HT1 | Gi/Go-蛋白偶联受体 | 减少cAMP在细胞内的水平 | 抑制性 |
5-HT2 | Gq/G11-蛋白偶联受体 | 增加细胞内IP3和DAG的水平 | 兴奋性 |
5-HT3 | 配体门控Na+,K+离子通道 | 使质膜去极化 | 兴奋性 |
5-HT4 | Gs蛋白偶联受体 | 增加细胞内cAMP的水平 | 兴奋性 |
5-HT5 | Gi/Go-蛋白偶联受体[4] | 减少cAMP在细胞内的水平 | 抑制性 |
5-HT6 | Gs-蛋白偶联受体 | 增加细胞内cAMP的水平 | 兴奋性 |
5-HT7 | Gs-蛋白偶联受体 | 增加细胞内cAMP的水平 | 兴奋性 |
亚型
[编辑]血清素受体功能概述 | ||||||||||||
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受体 | 首次克隆 | 基因 | 分布 | 作用 | 激动剂 | 拮抗剂 | 用途 | |||||
血管 | 中枢神经系统 | 胃肠道 | 血小板 | 外周神经系统 | 平滑肌 | |||||||
5-HT1A | 1987 | 是 | 是 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
选择性
非选择性
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5-HT1B | 1992 | 是 | 是 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 | |||||
5-HT1D | 1991 | 是 | 是 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
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5-HT1E | 1992 | 是 | 是 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
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5-HT1F | 1993 | 否 | 是 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
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5-HT2A | 1988 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
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5-HT2B | 1992 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
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5-HT2C | 1988 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |||||
5-HT3 | 1993 | 否 | 是 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 否 | |||||
5-HT4 | 1995 | 否 | 是 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 否 |
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5-HT5A | 1994 | 否 | 是 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
|
|
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5-HT5B | 1993 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
Functions in rodents, |
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5-HT6 | 1993 | 否 | 是 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
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5-HT7 | 1993 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
|
注意没有5-HT1C受体。这是因为在克隆这个受体并进一步分类之后,发现它和5-HT2家族共同点更多,于是就改名成了5-HT2C受体。
对各5-HT受体亚型选择性极弱的激动剂有麦角胺(一种antimigraine,激活5-HT1A、5-HT1D、5-HT1B、D2、去甲肾上腺素受体[28])、LSD(一种合成迷幻药物,可以激活5-HT1A、5-HT2A、5-HT2C、5-HT5A、5-HT6)。[28]
参考资料
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外部链接
[编辑]- 医学主题词表(MeSH):Serotonin+Receptors
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