血管疾病
外观
血管疾病 | |
---|---|
静脉和动脉 | |
类型 | 外周动脉疾病、肾动脉狭窄 |
诊断方法 | 静脉造影,超声 |
治疗 | 戒烟,降低胆固醇 |
分类和外部资源 | |
医学专科 | 血管学 |
ICD-9-CM | 430-458 |
Orphanet | 68362 |
血管疾病是人体循环系统的动脉和静脉的一类血管疾病。血管疾病是心血管疾病的一个亚组。庞大的血管网络中的疾病会导致一系列健康问题,有时会变得严重。[1]
类型
[编辑]血管疾病可分为数种类型,症状因疾病类型而异。类型包括:[2]
- 红斑性肢痛病 - 一种罕见的外周血管疾病,其症状包括灼痛、体温升高、红斑和肿胀,通常会影响手和脚。[3]
- 周边动脉疾病 - 当动脉粥样硬化斑块在为手臂和腿部供血的动脉中积聚,导致动脉变窄或阻塞时,会发生动脉粥样硬化斑块。[4]
- 肾动脉狭窄 - 将血液从主动脉输送到肾脏的肾动脉变窄。[5]
- 血栓闭塞性脉管炎 - 小血管发炎和肿胀,导致血管变窄或被血栓阻塞。[6]
- 雷诺氏综合征 - 一种罕见的外周血管疾病,当一个人寒冷或承受压力时,会导致手指和脚趾的外周血管收缩。[7]
- 弥散性血管内凝血 - 广泛激活小血管中的凝血。[8]
- 脑血管疾病 - 一组影响脑功能的血管疾病。[9]
发病机制
[编辑]血管疾病是大、中肌肉动脉的一种病理状态,由内皮细胞功能障碍引发。[10]由于病原体等因素,氧化的低密度脂蛋白颗粒和其他炎症刺激内皮细胞变得活跃。[11]该过程导致血管壁增厚,形成由增殖的平滑肌细胞、巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞组成的斑块。[12][13]斑块导致血流受限,减少到达某些器官的氧气和营养物质的量。[14]该斑块也可能破裂,导致凝块形成。[15]
诊断
[编辑]由于血管疾病可引起多种症状,因此诊断血管疾病可能很复杂。回顾患者的家族史和进行体格检查是做出诊断的重要步骤。体检可能因疑似血管疾病的类型而异。例如,在外周血管疾病的情况下,体检包括检查患者腿部的血流。[16][17]
治疗
[编辑]治疗因所治疗的血管疾病类型而异。在治疗肾动脉疾病方面,2014年的一项研究表明,球囊血管成形术可以改善舒张压,并可能减少抗高血压药物的需求。[18]对于四肢动脉疾病,预防并发症的治疗很重要; 未经治疗,可能会出现疮或坏疽(组织死亡)。
通常,血管疾病的治疗可能包括:[19]
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Vascular Diseases. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11) (美国英语).
- ^ Hirsch, Alan T.; Haskal, Ziv J.; Hertzer, Norman R.; Bakal, Curtis W.; Creager, Mark A.; Halperin, Jonathan L.; Hiratzka, Loren F.; Murphy, William R. C.; Olin, Jeffrey W.; Puschett, Jules B.; Rosenfield, Kenneth A. ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): executive summary a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease) endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2006-03-21, 47 (6) [2022-07-08]. ISSN 1558-3597. PMID 16545667. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.009. (原始内容存档于2022-07-12).
- ^ Erythromelalgia. National Health Service. 2017-10-18 [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-12) (英国英语).
- ^ Peripheral Arterial Disease. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-08) (美国英语).
- ^ Renal Artery Stenosis. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-29) (美国英语).
- ^ Thromboangiitis obliterans: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-27) (美国英语).
- ^ Raynaud's Disease. MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-08) (美国英语).
- ^ Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. medlineplus.gov. [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-08) (英语).
- ^ Stroke. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2017-10-24 [2022-07-08]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-11) (美国英语).
- ^ Rajendran, Peramaiyan; Rengarajan, Thamaraiselvan; Thangavel, Jayakumar; Nishigaki, Yutaka; Sakthisekaran, Dhanapal; Sethi, Gautam; Nishigaki, Ikuo. The vascular endothelium and human diseases. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2013, 9 (10) [2022-07-08]. ISSN 1449-2288. PMC 3831119 . PMID 24250251. doi:10.7150/ijbs.7502. (原始内容存档于2022-07-11).
- ^ Bikfalvi, Andreas. Encyclopedic reference of vascular biology & pathology. Berlin: Springer. 2000. ISBN 978-3-642-57063-6. OCLC 606429154.
- ^ Rubin, Emanuel; Damjanov, Ivan. Pathology reviews. 1989. Clifton, New Jersey. 1989. ISBN 978-1-4612-4502-5. OCLC 889428595.
- ^ Gunstone, F. D.; Harwood, John L.; Dijkstra, Albert J. The Lipid Handbook with CD-ROM Third. Boca Raton, FL. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4200-0967-5. OCLC 327018169.
- ^ Pinna, Kathryn; Whitney, Eleanor Noss. Understanding normal and clinical nutrition 9th. Australia: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. 2012. ISBN 978-0-8400-6845-3. OCLC 754909676.
- ^ Ząbczyk, Michał; Natorska, Joanna; Undas, Anetta. Fibrin Clot Properties in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Outcomes. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021-07-05, 10 (13) [2022-07-08]. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC 8268932 . PMID 34279484. doi:10.3390/jcm10132999. (原始内容存档于2022-07-14).
- ^ Peripheral Artery Disease - Diagnosis. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. [2022-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-09) (美国英语).
- ^ Andras, Alina; Ferket, Bart. Screening for peripheral arterial disease. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014-04-07, (4). ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 24711093. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010835.pub2.
- ^ Jenks, Sara; Yeoh, Su Ern; Conway, Bryan R. Balloon angioplasty, with and without stenting, versus medical therapy for hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014, (12). ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 7138037 . PMID 25478936. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002944.pub2.
- ^ Peripheral Artery Disease - Treatment. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. [2022-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-09) (美国英语).
延伸阅读
[编辑]- The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. The Lancet. 2012-08, 380 (9841). ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 3437972 . PMID 22607822. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60367-5.