金的同位素
外观
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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金(原子量:196.966570(4))有1种稳定同位素(197Au)及36种放射性同位素。
金-197是观测上稳定的同位素,即理论上具有放射性,但实验中未有观察到。现时,金被认定是最重的单一同位素元素。
图表[编辑]
符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰变 方式[2] |
衰变 产物 [n 3][n 4] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率)[n 2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激发能量[n 1][n 2] | ||||||||
169Au | 79 | 90 | 168.99808(32)# | 150# µs | 1/2+# | |||
170Au | 79 | 91 | 169.99612(22)# | 310(50) µs [286(+50−40) µs] |
(2−) | |||
170mAu | 275(14) keV | 630(60) µs [0.62(+6−5) ms] |
(9+) | |||||
171Au | 79 | 92 | 170.991879(28) | 30(5) µs | p | 170Pt | (1/2+) | |
α (不常见) | 167Ir | |||||||
171mAu | 250(16) keV | 1.014(19) ms | α (54%) | 167Ir | 11/2− | |||
p (46%) | 170Pt | |||||||
172Au | 79 | 93 | 171.99004(17)# | 4.7(11) ms | α (98%) | 168Ir | high | |
p (2%) | 171Pt | |||||||
173Au | 79 | 94 | 172.986237(28) | 25(1) ms | α | 169Ir | (1/2+) | |
β+ (不常见) | 173Pt | |||||||
173mAu | 214(23) keV | 14.0(9) ms | α (96%) | 169Ir | (11/2−) | |||
β+ (4%) | 173Pt | |||||||
174Au | 79 | 95 | 173.98476(11)# | 139(3) ms | α | 170Ir | low | |
β+ (不常见) | 174Pt | |||||||
174mAu | 360(70)# keV | 171(29) ms | high | |||||
175Au | 79 | 96 | 174.98127(5) | 100# ms | α (82%) | 171Ir | 1/2+# | |
β+ (18%) | 175Pt | |||||||
175mAu | 200(30)# keV | 156(3) ms | α | 171Ir | 11/2−# | |||
β+ | 175Pt | |||||||
176Au | 79 | 97 | 175.98010(11)# | 1.08(17) s [0.84(+17−14) s] |
α (60%) | 172Ir | (5−) | |
β+ (40%) | 176Pt | |||||||
176mAu | 150(100)# keV | 860(160) ms | (7+) | |||||
177Au | 79 | 98 | 176.976865(14) | 1.462(32) s | β+ (60%) | 177Pt | (1/2+,3/2+) | |
α (40%) | 173Ir | |||||||
177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1.180(12) s | 11/2− | |||||
178Au | 79 | 99 | 177.97603(6) | 2.6(5) s | β+ (60%) | 178Pt | ||
α (40%) | 174Ir | |||||||
179Au | 79 | 100 | 178.973213(18) | 7.1(3) s | β+ (78%) | 179Pt | 5/2−# | |
α (22%) | 175Ir | |||||||
179mAu | 99(16) keV | (11/2−) | ||||||
180Au | 79 | 101 | 179.972521(23) | 8.1(3) s | β+ (98.2%) | 180Pt | ||
α (1.8%) | 176Ir | |||||||
181Au | 79 | 102 | 180.970079(21) | 13.7(14) s | β+ (97.3%) | 181Pt | (3/2−) | |
α (2.7%) | 177Ir | |||||||
182Au | 79 | 103 | 181.969618(22) | 15.5(4) s | β+ (99.87%) | 182Pt | (2+) | |
α (.13%) | 178Ir | |||||||
183Au | 79 | 104 | 182.967593(11) | 42.8(10) s | β+ (99.2%) | 183Pt | (5/2)− | |
α (.8%) | 179Ir | |||||||
183m1Au | 73.3(4) keV | >1 µs | (1/2)+ | |||||
183m2Au | 230.6(6) keV | <1 µs | (11/2)− | |||||
184Au | 79 | 105 | 183.967452(24) | 20.6(9) s | β+ | 184Pt | 5+ | |
184mAu | 68.46(1) keV | 47.6(14) s | β+ (70%) | 184Pt | 2+ | |||
IT (30%) | 184Au | |||||||
α (.013%) | 180Ir | |||||||
185Au | 79 | 106 | 184.965789(28) | 4.25(6) min | β+ (99.74%) | 185Pt | 5/2− | |
α (.26%) | 181Ir | |||||||
185mAu | 100(100)# keV | 6.8(3) min | 1/2+# | |||||
186Au | 79 | 107 | 185.965953(23) | 10.7(5) min | β+ (99.9992%) | 186Pt | 3− | |
α (8×10−4%) | 182Ir | |||||||
186mAu | 227.77(7) keV | 110(10) ns | 2+ | |||||
187Au | 79 | 108 | 186.964568(27) | 8.4(3) min | β+ (99.997%) | 187Pt | 1/2+ | |
α (.003%) | 183Ir | |||||||
187mAu | 120.51(16) keV | 2.3(1) s | IT | 187Au | 9/2− | |||
188Au | 79 | 109 | 187.965324(22) | 8.84(6) min | β+ | 188Pt | 1(−) | |
189Au | 79 | 110 | 188.963948(22) | 28.7(3) min | β+ (99.9997%) | 189Pt | 1/2+ | |
α (3×10−4%) | 185Ir | |||||||
189m1Au | 247.23(16) keV | 4.59(11) min | β+ | 189Pt | 11/2− | |||
IT (不常见) | 189Au | |||||||
189m2Au | 325.11(16) keV | 190(15) ns | 9/2− | |||||
189m3Au | 2554.7(12) keV | 242(10) ns | 31/2+ | |||||
190Au | 79 | 111 | 189.964700(17) | 42.8(10) min | β+ | 190Pt | 1− | |
α (10−6%) | 186Ir | |||||||
190mAu | 200(150)# keV | 125(20) ms | IT | 190Au | 11−# | |||
β+ (不常见) | 190Pt | |||||||
191Au | 79 | 112 | 190.96370(4) | 3.18(8) h | β+ | 191Pt | 3/2+ | |
191m1Au | 266.2(5) keV | 920(110) ms | IT | 191Au | (11/2−) | |||
191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | >400 ns | ||||||
192Au | 79 | 113 | 191.964813(17) | 4.94(9) h | β+ | 192Pt | 1− | |
192m1Au | 135.41(25) keV | 29 ms | IT | 192Au | (5#)+ | |||
192m2Au | 431.6(5) keV | 160(20) ms | (11−) | |||||
193Au | 79 | 114 | 192.964150(11) | 17.65(15) h | β+ | 193Pt | 3/2+ | |
193m1Au | 290.19(3) keV | 3.9(3) s | IT (99.97%) | 193Au | 11/2− | |||
β+ (.03%) | 193Pt | |||||||
193m2Au | 2486.5(6) keV | 150(50) ns | (31/2+) | |||||
194Au | 79 | 115 | 193.965365(11) | 38.02(10) h | β+ | 194Pt | 1− | |
194m1Au | 107.4(5) keV | 600(8) ms | IT | 194Au | (5+) | |||
194m2Au | 475.8(6) keV | 420(10) ms | (11−) | |||||
195Au | 79 | 116 | 194.9650346(14) | 186.098(47) d | ε | 195Pt | 3/2+ | |
195mAu | 318.58(4) keV | 30.5(2) s | IT | 195Au | 11/2− | |||
196Au | 79 | 117 | 195.966570(3) | 6.1669(6) d | β+ (93.05%) | 196Pt | 2− | |
β− (6.95%) | 196Hg | |||||||
196m1Au | 84.660(20) keV | 8.1(2) s | IT | 196Au | 5+ | |||
196m2Au | 595.66(4) keV | 9.6(1) h | 12− | |||||
197Au[n 5] | 79 | 118 | 196.9665687(6) | 观测上稳定[n 6] | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | ||
197mAu | 409.15(8) keV | 7.73(6) s | IT | 197Au | 11/2− | |||
198Au | 79 | 119 | 197.9682423(6) | 2.69517(21) d | β− | 198Hg | 2− | |
198m1Au | 312.2200(20) keV | 124(4) ns | 5+ | |||||
198m2Au | 811.7(15) keV | 2.27(2) d | IT | 198Au | (12−) | |||
199Au | 79 | 120 | 198.9687652(6) | 3.139(7) d | β− | 199Hg | 3/2+ | |
199mAu | 548.9368(21) keV | 440(30) µs | (11/2)− | |||||
200Au | 79 | 121 | 199.97073(5) | 48.4(3) min | β− | 200Hg | 1(−) | |
200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18.7(5) h | β− (82%) | 200Hg | 12− | |||
IT (18%) | 200Au | |||||||
201Au | 79 | 122 | 200.971657(3) | 26(1) min | β− | 201Hg | 3/2+ | |
202Au | 79 | 123 | 201.97381(18) | 28.8(19) s | β− | 202Hg | (1−) | |
203Au | 79 | 124 | 202.975155(3) | 53(2) s | β− | 203Hg | 3/2+ | |
204Au | 79 | 125 | 203.97772(22)# | 39.8(9) s | β− | 204Hg | (2−) | |
205Au | 79 | 126 | 204.97987(32)# | 31(2) s | β− | 205Hg | 3/2+ |
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,仅为理论推测。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
- ^ 稳定的衰变产物以粗体表示。
- ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。
- ^ Potential material for salted bombs
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 193Ir
← | 同位素列表 | → |
铂的同位素 | 金的同位素 | 汞的同位素 |
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (英语).
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-06]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素与同位素的稳定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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