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用户:Simon 1996/沙盒5

维基百科，自由的百科全书
Simon 1996/沙盒5
叙利亚内战、伊拉克内战、利比亚内战、博科圣地叛乱、北高加索叛乱、摩洛冲突、西奈半岛动乱、反恐战争的一部分
日期2014年6月13日－至今
（10年4个月2周又1天）
地点
叙利亚、伊拉克、利比亚、尼日利亚、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、北高加索和东南亚
状态
  • Airstrikes on ISIL and al-Qaeda positions in Iraq, Syria, Libya, Nigeria and Afghanistan
  • Multinational humanitarian efforts
  • Arming and supporting local ground forces
  • Millions of civilians in Iraq and Syria flee their homes sparking a refugee crisis
  • Terrorist attacks in Paris (Jan 2015 and 2015年11月), Brussels (2016年3月), Nice (2016年7月) and other places
  • Thousands of civilians executed by ISIL forces in Iraq and Syria
  • ISIL lost 40% of its territory in Iraq[64]
  • ISIL controlled around 50% of Syria by late May 2015[65][66]
  • Emergence of independently-governed Kurdish regions
  • ISIL lost all of its territory in Libya[67][68]
  • Boko Haram loses territory, insurgency continues[69]
参战方

Intervening in Syria and Iraq:
CJTF–OIR
美国 United States (also intervening in Libya and Cameroon)[1]
 澳大利亚[2][3]
 加拿大 (2014–17)[4]
 比利时 (2014–17)[5]
 丹麦 (2014–16)[6][7]
 瑞典[8]
 法国[9][10]
 德国[11][12][13]
 意大利[14][15]
 土耳其 (2014–17)[16][17]
 荷兰[18][19]
 约旦[20]
 摩洛哥 (2014–16)[21][22][23][24]
 英国[25][26][27]

 伊朗[28]

Intervening in Syria only:

Support:

Military aid:
Humanitarian aid:
Intelligence aid:

RSII coalition:
俄罗斯 Russia (airstrikes)[47][48][49][50][51]
 叙利亚
 伊朗[52]
 伊拉克

Hezbollah[53][54]

Local forces:

Local forces in Iraq:
Local forces in Syria:

Egyptian-led
intervention:
(in Libya)
 埃及
 利比亚

Nigerian-led
intervention:
(Boko Haram joined ISIL in 2015)
 尼日利亚
 喀麦隆
 乍得
 尼日尔
 布隆迪
 美国
See also: American military intervention

 阿尔及利亚[57]

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

al-Qaeda

Turkistan Islamic Party[62]

指挥官与领导者

Donald Trump
Ashton Carter
James Mattis
Lloyd Austin
Joseph Dunford

Theresa May
Michael Fallon
Nick Houghton
Stuart Peach
Andrew Pulford
Stephen Hillier
Tony Abbott
Malcolm Turnbull
David L. Johnston
Elio Di Rupo
Charles Michel
Steven Vandeput
巴林 Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
Stephen Harper
Justin Trudeau
Thomas J. Lawson
Jonathan Vance
Helle Thorning-Schmidt (until 2015)
Lars Løkke Rasmussen (from 2015)
Peter Christensen
Peter Bartram
法国 François Hollande[70]
法国 Jean-Yves Le Drian
法国 Pierre de Villiers
Angela Merkel
Ursula von der Leyen
Volker Wieker
Matteo Renzi
Paolo Gentiloni
Claudio Graziano
Roberta Pinotti
King Abdullah II
Abdullah Ensour
摩洛哥 King Mohammed VI
摩洛哥 Abdelilah Benkirane
摩洛哥 Bouchaib Arroub
挪威 Erna Solberg
荷兰 Mark Rutte
荷兰 Tom Middendorp
Sander Schnitger
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
António Costa
卡塔尔 Tamim Al Thani
沙特阿拉伯 King Abdullah †
沙特阿拉伯 King Salman
西班牙 Mariano Rajoy
 西班牙 María Dolores de Cospedal
西班牙 Fernando Alejandre Martínez
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Binali Yıldırım
Hulusi Akar
阿拉伯联合酋长国 Khalifa Al Nahyan

叙利亚 Bashar al-Assad

伊拉克 Nouri al-Maliki
伊拉克 Fuad Masum
伊拉克 Haider al-Abadi

Masoud Barzani
Jaafar Sheikh Mustafa
Mustafa Said Qadir

伊朗 Ali Khamenei
伊朗 Hasan Rouhani
伊朗 Qasem Soleimani
Hassan Nasrallah

俄罗斯 Vladimir Putin
俄罗斯 Dmitry Medvedev
俄罗斯 Sergey Shoygu
俄罗斯 Viktor Bondarev
俄罗斯 Andrei Kartapolov

黎巴嫩 Michel Aoun
黎巴嫩 Tammam Salam
黎巴嫩 Jean Kahwaji
黎巴嫩 Samir Mouqbel
黎巴嫩 Walid Salman

巴基斯坦 Nawaz Sharif
巴基斯坦 Raheel Sharif
巴基斯坦 Rizwan Akhtar
阿富汗 Ashraf Ghani
阿富汗 Abdullah Abdullah

Qais al-Khazali
File:Badr Organisation Military flag.svg Hadi al-Amiri

埃及 Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
埃及 Sedki Sobhi
埃及 Younes Hamed
利比亚 Aguila Saleh Issa
利比亚 Khalifa Haftar
利比亚 Saqer al-Joroushi

尼日利亚 Muhammadu Buhari
乍得 Idriss Déby
喀麦隆 Paul Biya
尼日尔 Mahamadou Issoufou
布隆迪 Pierre Nkurunziza

阿尔及利亚 Abdelaziz Bouteflika
阿尔及利亚 Abdelmalek Sellal
阿尔及利亚 Ahmed Gaid Salah

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (WIA) (Leader)[71]
伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国 Abu Ali al-Anbari †
(Deputy Leader of ISIL)[72][73]
伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国 Abu Mohammad al-Adnani † (Spokesperson)
Abu Ayman al-Iraqi † (Head of Military Shura)[74][75]
Abu Suleiman al-Naser † (Replacement Military Chief)[75]
Abu Muslim al-Turkmani † (Deputy Leader, Iraq)[76]
Akram Qirbash †
(Top ISIL judge)[73]
Abu Omar al-Shishani † (Chief commander in Syria)[77][78][79][80]
Abu Muhammad al-Kadari † (ISIL commander of the North Caucasus)
Abu Sayyaf † (Senior ISIL economic manager)[81]
Abdul Qadr al-Najdi (ISIL commander of North Africa)
Abu Nabil al-Anbari † (former ISIL commander of North Africa)[82]
Muhammand Abdullah (Top ISIL judge in Derna)
Salah Benali †[83]
Abu Faruq al-Libi †[84]
Ali al-Qarqaa (ISIL Emir of Nofaliya)
Ahmed al-Rouissi †[85]
Abubakar Shekau (ISIL Emir of West Africa)[58]

Abu Abdullah al-Filipini (ISIL Emir of the Philippines and Co-Leader of Abu Sayyaf)

Radullan Sahiron (Co-Leader of Abu Sayyaf)

Abu Khayr al-Masri † (al-Qaeda deputy leader)[86][87][88] File:Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg Abu Jaber (Leader of Tahrir al-Sham)
Abu Mohammad al-Julani (Leader of the al-Nusra Front)
Abu Humam al-Shami †
(al-Nusra Military Chief)[89]
Abu Firas al-Suri † (al-Nusra Spokesman)[90][91]
Abu Muhammed al-Ansari †
(al-Nusra Emir of the Idlib province)
Mohammed Islambouli (Leader of Khorasan)[92]
Muhsin al-Fadhli (Operational Leader) †[93][94][95]
Sanafi al-Nasr †[96]
David Drugeon †[94][97]
Said Arif †
(Jund al-Aqsa Military Chief)[59]
Abu Omar al-Turkistani † (TIP and al-Nusra military commander)[62]

Abu Jaber
(2014–2015)[98][98]

Abu Yahia al-Hamawi
(2015–present)[99]
兵力
United States:
Australia:
Bahrain:
Belgium:
  • 6 F-16 Falcon fighters (withdrawn in June 2015)[133]
  • 120 supporting troops
  • 35 military advisors
Canada:
Denmark:
France:
Germany:
Italy:
Jordan:
  • 20+ F-16s[来源请求]
Morocco:
NATO:
Netherlands:
Portugal:
  • 30 Army Commandos to train the Iraqi Forces[153]
Qatar:
Saudi Arabia:
Spain:
  • Spain planned to station a Patriot missile battery and 130 troopers in Turkey in case of any cross-border attacks against its NATO ally, but only after January 2015.[155]
  • 300 instructors to train the Iraqi Army.[156]
Turkey:
United Arab Emirates:
United Kingdom:
Russia:
Iran:
Egypt:
Nigeria:
  • Army: 130,000 active frontline troops. 32,000 active reserve troops.
  • Police Force: 371,000 officers
Cameroon:
  • 20,000 soldiers
African Union:
  • 8,700 soldiers

ISIL:

al-Qaeda:

  • Tahrir al-Sham: 31,000+[201]
  • Khorasan: 50[202]
  • Jund al-Aqsa: 2,100[60]

Ahrar al-Sham:

伤亡与损失

罗贾瓦 Syrian Kurdistan:

  • 1,636–1,805 fighters killed[205]

伊拉克库尔德斯坦 Iraqi Kurdistan:

  • 1,500+ fighters killed[206]
  • 6,000+ fighters wounded[207]
  • 52 fighters missing[208]

埃及 Egypt:

  • 700 security forces killed[209]

乍得 Chad:

尼日利亚 Nigeria:

伊朗 Iran:

美国 United States:

喀麦隆 Cameroon:

土耳其 Turkey:

尼日尔 Niger:

沙特阿拉伯 Saudi Arabia:

  • 3 border guards killed[227]

俄罗斯 Russia:

加拿大 Canada:

约旦 Jordan:

  • 1 serviceman executed[233]

伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant:

al-Qaeda:

Jaysh al-Sunna:

Ahrar al-Sham:

13,568 Iraqi and Syrian civilians killed by ISIL[206][246][247]
2,500 civilians killed by Coalition airstrikes in Iraq and Syria[248][249]
2,142 civilians killed by ISIL in Syria[247]
7 civilians killed by airstrikes in Libya[250]
650+ civilians killed by ISIL outside Iraq and Syria

7,600,000 Syrian civilians displaced[251]
3,300,000 Iraqi civilians displaced[251]
  1. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为usairstrike的参考文献提供内容
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  3. ^ Om, Jason. Federal Cabinet gives go ahead to RAAF air strikes on Islamic State in Syria. ABC News. 9 September 2015 [10 October 2015]. 
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  5. ^ Battling Dutch, Belgium prepare to send forces. MSN. （原始内容存档于29 September 2014）. 
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  127. ^ Australia says ready to strike ISIL in Iraq. AlJazeera.com. 3 October 2014 [6 October 2014]. 
  128. ^ Deal agreed for Australian forces to deploy in Iraq, Foreign Minister Julie Bishop says. ABC News. 20 October 2014. 
  129. ^ Bree, Max. Largest group in decades. Australian Department of Defence. 9 October 2014: 3 [7 October 2014]. 
  130. ^ McGuirk, Rod. Australia says it will launch airstrikes in Iraq. Navy Times. Associated Press. 3 October 2014 [5 October 2014]. [失效链接]
  131. ^ Radulova, Lillian. Australian military transport plane 'shot at' by Islamic State fighters in northern Iraq while delivering aid. Daily Mail (London). 1 September 2014 [5 October 2014]. 
  132. ^ 132.0 132.1 132.2 132.3 Partner Nations Contributions Summary. Justin Fishel. 23 September 2014 [11 October 2014]. 
  133. ^ McInnis, Kathleen. Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. Congressional Research Service: 10. 18 November 2015 [21 December 2015]. 
  134. ^ Operation Inherent Resolve - Canada. Operation Inherent Resolve. Operation Inherent Resolve. [21 June 2016]. 
  135. ^ Canadian Armed Forces expands contribution to Global Coalition to defeat ISIL. Government of Canada. National Defence / Canadian Armed Forces. May 19, 2016 [June 21, 2016]. 
  136. ^ MPs vote to join U.S.-led bombing campaign against ISIL. Postmedia Network Inc. October 7, 2014 [June 21, 2016]. （原始内容存档于29 November 2014）. 
  137. ^ Operation IMPACT. National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. [22 October 2014]. 
  138. ^ Canadian transport planes join military effort in Iraq. The Star (Ottawa). August 15, 2014 [June 21, 2016]. 
  139. ^ 139.0 139.1 139.2 139.3 FAKTA: Danmarks militære indsats i Irak og Syrien. Information （Danish）. 
  140. ^ Le Charles-de-Gaulle engagé contre Daech, des Rafale décollent en mission. L'Express. 23 February 2015 [20 April 2015]. 
  141. ^ 141.0 141.1 141.2 141.3 141.4 141.5 Iraq: The aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle left the operation Shamal. Zone Militaire. 20 April 2015 [20 April 2015]. 
  142. ^ La frégate anti-aérienne Jean Bart quitte l’opération Chammal. Zone Militaire. 30 January 2015 [20 April 2015]. 
  143. ^ Pinotti: "Contro l’Isis 500 unità italiane in Iraq". Corriere della Sera. 10 February 2015. 
  144. ^ Iraq: 450 italiani a difesa diga Mosul. Arabia Saudita lancia coalizione islamica anti-Is. Repubblica.it. 15 December 2015 [1 February 2016]. 
  145. ^ M5s: "Il governo invia caccia contro l'Is senza autorizzazione".. Repubblica.it. 16 November 2014 [6 December 2014]. 
  146. ^ 146.0 146.1 Iraq, il ministro Pinotti: "Dall'Italia 280 soldati per addestrare i curdi, Predator e armi". rainews. 
  147. ^ Decollano i droni italiani, missioni in Iraq e Ucraina. 
  148. ^ "Morocco's counter-terrorism support will focus on military, operational and intelligence aspects, according to WAM. According to the ministry, the contribution of the kingdom will focus on military operational and intelligence aspects.[4]
  149. ^ Morocco is a member of the anti-ISIL coalition where the kingdom provides intelligence and operational support to Emirati, Saudi, Bahraini, Qatari Jordanian and American forces operating in Syria.[5]
  150. ^ Morocco will send military forces to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to help fight terrorism and preserve regional peace and stability, the Foreign Ministry said on Wednesday. Speaking at a press briefing in Rabat, Moroccan Foreign Minister Salaheddine Mezouar did not reveal further information on this mission, such as the specific number of the dispatched troops. (...)"Morocco will provide military support to these brother countries in case that the Gulf states require intervention,"[6]
  151. ^ Souhail Karam. Morocco Says Sending Troops to U.A.E. to Help Counter Terrorism. Bloomberg.com. 29 October 2014. 
  152. ^ Dutch Parliament commits soldiers, F-16s to fight ISIS in Iraq. NL Times. [28 September 2014]. 
  153. ^ Portugal vai enviar 30 comandos do exército para o Iraque. RTP. 16 December 2014. 
  154. ^ Andrew Chuter. Saudi Typhoons Use Paveway IV Bombs on ISIS. Defense News. 25 February 2015. 
  155. ^ Wary Spain Remains Reluctant Partner in anti-IS Coalition. Rudaw. 24 September 2014 [2 October 2014]. 
  156. ^ Spain to send 300 soldiers to Iraq to train its Army. El País. 9 October 2014 [12 October 2014]. 
  157. ^ Peþmerge'ye eðitim ‘Bordo Bereliler’den. HÜRRÝYET - TÜRKÝYE'NÝN AÇILIÞ SAYFASI. [25 February 2015]. 
  158. ^ Turkish forces 'strike ISIL convoy in Syria'. [25 February 2015]. 
  159. ^ More UK troops to train Iraqi forces. BBC News. 12 March 2016 [16 March 2016]. 
  160. ^ 160.0 160.1 160.2 UK troops to train moderate Syrian opposition. Ministry of Defence. 26 March 2015 [26 March 2015]. 
  161. ^ British special forces join fighters on Isil front line. Telegraph. 30 September 2014 [19 November 2014]. 
  162. ^ ISIS fighters are using human shields to protect themselves from RAF drone strikes: Militants deliberately travelling with women and children in Syria and Iraq. Daily Mail. 20 November 2015 [20 November 2015]. 
  163. ^ 163.0 163.1 RAF Typhoons Join Syrian Bombing Mission. Forces TV. 3 December 2015 [3 December 2015]. 
  164. ^ UK details extent of combat activity over Iraq. Flightglobal. 2 March 2015 [2 March 2015]. 
  165. ^ It's WAR: RAF Tornados bomb ISIS strongholds in Syria in two waves just 57 mins after vote. Express. 3 December 2015 [3 December 2015]. 
  166. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为firstUKsortie的参考文献提供内容
  167. ^ RAF Tornado jets in Cyprus for Iraq aid mission. BBC News. 12 August 2014 [19 November 2014]. A "small number" of Chinook helicopters would also be sent for "further relief options", the Foreign Office said. 
  168. ^ RAF steps up Iraq and Syria spying missions in 'new Battle of Britain'. The Guardian. 19 July 2015 [19 July 2015]. 
  169. ^ Global Gateway (PDF). Royal Air Force. March 2015. The first Operational Atlas load was delivered to Op SHADER in Cyprus on 3 Mar - a sign of things to come. 
  170. ^ Frères D’Armes – Brothers in Arms. Royal Navy. 18 November 2015 [21 November 2015]. 
  171. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为UKSub的参考文献提供内容
  172. ^ "Russian soldiers geolocated by photos in multiple Syria locations", MARIA TSVETKOVA, November 8, 2015, Reuters. "U.S. security officials and independent experts told Reuters last week that Moscow had increased its forces in Syria to 4,000 personnel from an estimated 2,000. A U.S. defense official said multiple rocket-launcher crews and long-range artillery batteries were deployed outside four bases the Russians were using".
  173. ^ 173.0 173.1 4 Russian warships launch 26 missiles against ISIS from Caspian Sea. RT English. [8 October 2015]. 
  174. ^ Rosyjskie rakiety manewrujące uderzyły w IS. Wystrzelone z okrętu podwodnego. defence24.pl. [24 November 2015]. 
  175. ^ Russian missile cruiser ordered to work with French in Syria. New York Daily News. 17 November 2015 [24 November 2015]. 
  176. ^ 176.0 176.1 176.2 Russia Pounds ISIS With Biggest Bomber Raid in Decades. The Daily Beast. [24 November 2015]. 
  177. ^ Russian Marines Position Themselves in Eastern Latakia. The Aviationist. 29 September 2015 [1 October 2015]. 
  178. ^ Thomas Gibbons-Neff. This is the airpower Russia has in Syria. The Washington Post. 21 September 2015 [30 September 2015]. 
  179. ^ Russian Fighter Aircraft Arrive in Syria. Stratfor. 21 September 2015 [1 October 2015]. 
  180. ^ Russian Fighter Aircraft Arrive in Syria. Stratfor. [8 October 2015]. 
  181. ^ Schmitt, Eric; MacFarquhar, Neil. Russia Expands Fleet in Syria With Jets That Can Attack Targets on Ground. The New York Times. 21 September 2015 [16 October 2015]. 
  182. ^ Главком ВКС РФ признал: в Сирию были переброшены зенитные ракетные системы NEWSru, 5 Nov 2015.
  183. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为vox1的参考文献提供内容
  184. ^ Martin Chulov. Iran sends troops into Iraq to aid fight against Isis militants. the Guardian. [6 December 2014]. 
  185. ^ Iran Appears to Be Launching Airstrikes Against ISIS in Iraq: Pentagon. NBC News. 
  186. ^ Iran Is Expanding Its Military Role in Iraq in a Bunch of Ways. Business Insider. [16 October 2014]. 
  187. ^ ISIS militants have army of 200,000, claims senior Kurdish leader. ElBalad. [16 November 2014]. 
  188. ^ ISIS can 'muster' between 20,000 and 31,500 fighters, CIA says. CNN. [15 November 2015]. 
  189. ^ U.S. Bombing in Libya Reveals Limits of Strategy Against ISIS. The New York Times. 20 February 2016 [14 April 2016]. 
  190. ^ ISIS Shifts to Libya After Strikes in Syria. The Washington Free Beacon. [12 January 2016]. 
  191. ^ How Big Is Boko Haram?. 2 February 2015 [2 February 2015]. 
  192. ^ Islamic State group loyalists eye a presence in Afghanistan. Associated Press. 8 September 2015 [30 September 2015]. 
  193. ^ US 'tracking closely' ISIL threat in Afghanistan. Aljazeera. 18 December 2015. 
  194. ^ U.S.-led forces drop nearly 5,000 bombs on ISIS. Al Arabiya. 8 January 2015 [8 January 2015]. 
  195. ^ Fears of massacre as Isis tanks lead assault on Kurdish bastion. The Times. 4 October 2014. 
  196. ^ ISIS: We Nabbed an Iranian Drone. The Daily Beast. [6 December 2014]. 
  197. ^ Now ISIS has drones?. CNN. 24 August 2014. 
  198. ^ Footage From an ISIS Drone. NYTimes.com – Video. 30 August 2014. 
  199. ^ Taylor, Adam. In bizarre new video, Islamic State hostage gives tour of Kobane. Washington Post. 27 October 2014. 
  200. ^ Leith Fadel. ISIS Drone Downed by the Syrian Army at Kuweires Airbase in Aleppo. Al-Masdar News. [23 June 2015]. 
  201. ^ Al-awsat, Asharq. Syria: Surfacing of ‘Hai’at Tahrir al-Sham’ Threatens Truce - ASHARQ AL-AWSAT English. 30 January 2017. 
  202. ^ Gen. Dempsey Claims Airstrikes in Syria that Targeted Khorasan Group Disrupted Plots Against US. KNEB Radio. （原始内容存档于2014-10-09）. 
  203. ^ Is Syria’s Idlib being groomed as Islamist killing ground?. 
  204. ^ Syrian opposition merger in Jan 2017. archicivilians. [26 January 2017]. 
  205. ^ 15 killed (31 October 2012),[7] 25 killed (19 November 2012),[8] 379 killed (2013),[9] 537–706 killed (2014),[10][11][12] 680 killed (2015),[13] total of 1,636–1,805 reported killed
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  207. ^ Kurds needs arms to fight against ISIS - Business Insider. Business Insider. 5 June 2015 [11 June 2015]. 
  208. ^ Ministry: 1,300 Peshmerga dead since start of war with ISIS. 
  209. ^ Egypt: ISIS attack kills 15 security personnel in north Sinai. [20 March 2016]. 
  210. ^ 210.0 210.1 Chad troops killed in Boko Haram counter-attack. News24. 
  211. ^ 11 Chadian soldiers killed in Boko Haram attack: army. AFP. 6 October 2015. 
  212. ^ The Christian Science Monitor. Nigerian troops rescue more Boko Haram captives from forest redoubt (+video). The Christian Science Monitor. 
  213. ^ Boko Haram kills one in north Cameroon attack -army. reuters.com. 17 March 2015. 
  214. ^ Suicide attacks killed at least 13 in northern Cameroon. Reuters. 13 July 2015. 
  215. ^ Nigerian military claims destruction of 10 Boko Haram camps. Fox News. 18 May 2015. 
  216. ^ Babak Dehghanpisheh. Iran's elite Guards fighting in Iraq to push back Islamic State. Reuters. 3 August 2014. 
  217. ^ Amir Vahdat. 3 Iranian troops killed in attack near Iraq border. Navy Times. 25 June 2014. [失效链接]
  218. ^ Senior Iranian military adviser killed in Iraq. alarabiya.net. 
  219. ^ 29 Iranian soldiers killed in Iraq in a month: Reports. Middle East Eye. 5 January 2015. 
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  222. ^ Marszal, Andrew. Turkey tanks open fire on Isil over Syria border after soldier killed. The Telegraph (London). 23 July 2015 [24 July 2015]. 
  223. ^ ISIL connection in attack against Turkish security forces. The Daily Sabah Turkey. 25 March 2014 [7 March 2016]. 
  224. ^ Turkish soldier killed in cross-border fire from ISIS territory in Syria. 
  225. ^ Turkey hits ISIL positions in northern Iraq after Turkish soldier killed - MIDEAST. [14 April 2016]. 
  226. ^ 109 Boko Haram fighters dead' after first attack on Niger. AFP. [6 February 2015]. 
  227. ^ BBC News – Saudi guards killed in attack on Iraq border. BBC News. 
  228. ^ Hero of Russian Special Forces Killed in Syria Operation. 25 March 2016 [14 April 2016]. 
  229. ^ BBC News. Syria conflict: Russian helicopter crashes, killing two crew. [13 April 2016]. 
  230. ^ Four Russian servicemen killed in car blast in Syria. TASS. February 20, 2017 [February 21, 2017]. 
  231. ^ Глава Кабардино-Балкарии подтвердил гибель двадцатого российского военного в Сирии. [12 August 2016]. 
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  233. ^ Jordan pilot hostage Moaz al-Kasasbeh 'burned alive'. BBC. 3 February 2015. 
  234. ^ US Special Ops chief: More than 60,000 ISIS fighters killed. CBS. 14 February 2017 [14 February 2017]. 
  235. ^ Airstrikes in Iraq and Syria. US Department of Defense. 7 August 2015 [5 October 2015]. 
  236. ^ SpecOps Commander: 60,000 ISIS Fighters Killed by US Troops. military.com. 14 February 2017. 
  237. ^ Al-Ghasri: 2500 IS radicals were killed in Sirte battle. Libya Observer. 19 December 2016 [11 November 2016]. 
  238. ^ U.S. says 300 Islamic State fighters killed in Afghan operation. [10 August 2016]. 
  239. ^ Egyptian air strikes in Libya kill dozens of Isis militants. The Guardian. [17 February 2015].  参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)
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  241. ^ US jets target senior IS leader in attack on Libya camp. Middle East Eye. [14 April 2016]. 
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  244. ^ US-led air strikes hit al-Qaeda affiliate in Syria. Reuters. 6 November 2014 [9 November 2014]. 
  245. ^ Pentagon: 11 al Qaeda terrorists killed in airstrikes near Idlib, Syria - FDD's Long War Journal. 
  246. ^ Iraq 2014: Civilian deaths almost doubling year on year. [14 April 2016]. 
  247. ^ 247.0 247.1 2142 civilian citizens among the 4000 people executed by the "Islamic state" during the 20th month of announcing the "Caliphate State" in Syria. SOHR. [1 March 2016]. 
  248. ^ "Airstrike monitoring group overwhelmed by claims of U.S.-caused civilian casualties". The Washington Post. March 24, 2017.
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