神经可塑性

人的成長與發展
階段
胚胎發育 胎兒 嬰兒 幼童 儿童早期 儿童 前青少年期 青少年 成年人 中年 老年
生命歷程
人類的受孕(精) 分娩 爬行學步 语言习得 青春期 更年期 老化 死亡
发展心理学
產前與產後 新生兒與兒童 青少年 青年 青壯年 成人 心理成熟
階段發展理論
依附理論 生态系统理论 社会心理发展 性心理發展 道德发展 認知發展論 文化歷史 演化
人體主题

神经可塑性（英語：Neuro-plasticity）是指重複性的经验可以改變大脑的結構，由Richard J. Davidson 在 1992 年提出。神经可塑性是近期的发现，过去的科学家往往认为在婴儿关键期后，大脑结构往往不发生变化。 大脑由神经元细胞和神经胶质细胞构成，这些细胞互相连接，通过加强或削弱这些连接，大脑的结构可以发生改变。

參見

• 活動依賴之可塑性
• 環境豐富化
• 神經反向傳播
• 污染的神經可塑性影響
• 肌動學
• Lumosity

Further reading

• Pinaud, Raphael; Tremere, Liisa A.; De Weerd, Peter (编). Plasticity in the visual system: from genes to circuits. New York: Springer. 2006. ISBN 978-0-387-28190-2. 
• Pinaud, Raphael; Tremere, Liisa A. (编). Immediate early genes in sensory processing, cognitive performance and neurological disorders. New York: Springer. 2006. ISBN 978-0-387-33603-9. 
• Begley, Sharon. Scans of Monks' Brains Show Meditation Alters Structure, Functioning. The Wall Street Journal (Washington D.C.). 5 November 2004: B1. （原始内容存档于2008-02-02）. 
• Donoghue, John P. Connecting cortex to machines: recent advances in brain interfaces (PDF). Nature Neuroscience. 2002, 5: 1085–1088 [1 February 2010]. PMID 12403992. doi:10.1038/nn947. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011年7月20日）. 
• Flor, H. Phantom-limb pain: characteristics, causes, and treatment. The Lancet Neurology (Elsevier). July 2002, 1 (3): 182–189. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(02)00074-1. 
• Ramachandran, Vilayanur S.; Hirstein, William. The perception of phantom limbs. The D. O. Hebb lecture (PDF). Brain. 1998, 121 (9): 1603–1630 [31 January 2010]. PMID 9762952. doi:10.1093/brain/121.9.1603. 
• Cohen, Wendy; Hodson, Ann; O'Hare, Anne; Boyle, James; Durrani, Tariq; McCartney, Elspeth; Mattey, Mike; Naftalin, Lionel; Watson, Jocelynne. Effects of Computer-Based Intervention Through Acoustically Modified Speech (Fast ForWord) in Severe Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Impairment: Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. June 2005, 48 (3): 715–729. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2005/049). 
• Giszter, Simon F. SCI: Present and Future Therapeutic Devices and Prostheses. Neurotherapeutics (Elsevier). January 2008, 5 (1): 147–162. PMC 2390875. PMID 18164494. doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2007.10.062. 
• Mahncke, Henry W.; Connor, Bonnie B.; Appelman, Jed; Ahsanuddin, Omar N.; Hardy, Joseph L.; Wood, Richard A.; Joyce, Nicholas M.; Boniske, Tania; 等. Memory enhancement in healthy older adults using a brain plasticity-based training program: A randomized, controlled study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 15 August 2006, 103 (33): 12523–12528. PMC 1526649. PMID 16888038. doi:10.1073/pnas.0605194103. 
• Stein, Donald G.; Hoffman, Stuart W. Concepts of CNS Plasticity in the Context of Brain Damage and Repair. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. July–August 2003, 18 (4): 317–341. PMID 16222128. doi:10.1097/00001199-200307000-00004. 
• Nudo, Randolph J.; Milliken, Garrett W. Reorganization of Movement Representations in Primary Motor Cortex Following Focal Ischemic Infarct in Adult Squirrel Monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1996, 75 (5): 2144–149. PMID 8734610. 
• Wieloch, Tadeusz; Nikolich, Karoly. Mechanisms of neural plasticity following brain injury. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. June 2006, 16 (3): 258–264. PMID 16713245. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.05.011. 

Videos

• Ramachandran. Phantom Limb Syndrome.  about consciousness, mirror neurons, and phantom limb syndrome

Other readings

• Chorost, Michael. Rebuilt: how becoming part computer made me more human. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 2005. ISBN 0-618-37829-4. 

外部链接

• MeSH（醫學主題詞）上面的Neuroplasticity
• Neuro Myths: Separating Fact and Fiction in Brain-Based Learning by Sara Bernard