苏联政府压抑的科学研究
外观
苏联大规模压迫 |
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经济压迫 |
政治压迫 |
意识形态压迫 |
民族压迫 |
有一系列科学研究受到苏联政府的压抑,相关研究员经常受到不公正对待,动辄被贴上“资产阶级学者”的标签。
生物学
[编辑]1930年代中期起,李森科在斯大林支持下发动了一场反对基因遗传学的运动。[1]该学说的创始人孟德尔是一个天主教圣职人员,这一点格外地激怒斯大林。[2][3][4][5]
语言学
[编辑]斯大林上台时,尼古拉·马尔的雅弗理论居于统治地位,他认为语言是一种阶级构成。斯大林读到了一封齐克巴瓦的反对马尔的来信,于是把他召来进行了一次几个小时的谈话,作了大量的笔记。[6]于是他找到了足够的材料来反对马尔,结束了后者在苏联语言学界的统治地位,而斯大林自己就语言学只写过一篇论文,《马克思主义和语言学问题》。[7]斯大林统治下也把比较语言学打为伪科学。[8]
控制论
[编辑]斯大林也认定魏纳的控制论为“资产阶级伪科学”。[9]在苏联,意识形态期刊《哲学问题》在1953年的一篇文章中评价控制论为“帝国主义者没有办法摧毁资本主义中的根本矛盾,他们不能阻止即将发生的经济危机。所以,他们尝试从狂热的军备竞赛和意识形态战争中寻找答案。在深层的绝望中,他们寻求伪科学带来的一线希望以苟延残喘”,1954年版《简明哲学词典》中称控制论为“反动的伪科学,首先出现在二战后的美国,后广泛传播于资本主义国家,是一种现代的机械论。”[10]
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Hudson, P. S., and R. H. Richens. The New Genetics in the Soviet Union. Cambridge, U.K.: English School of Agriculture, 1946.
- ^ Isis, Volume 37. History of Science Society, Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences. 1947 [2007-10-18]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-20).
The fact that Mendel was a priest has been similarly used to discredit his ideas.
- ^ Eugenics: Galton and After. Duckworth. 1952 [2007-10-18]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-20).
Was not Mendel a priest ? If, as the reactionaries maintain, genetic processes are subject to the laws of chance ...
- ^ George Aiken Taylor. The Presbyterian Journal, Volume 31. Southern Presbyterian Journal Co. 1972 [2007-10-18]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-18).
Mendel, of course, must be discredited, in Communist thought, because he was a product of the West and of the Church.
- ^ The Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy, Volumes 23-27. Australasian Association of Psychology and Philosophy. 1945 [2007-10-18]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-19).
He trenchantly criticises Lysenko's vilification of the work of Mendel and Morgan as "fascist, bourgeois-capitalistic, and inspired by clerics" (that Mendel was a priest is taken as sufficient to discredit his experiments).
- ^ Montefiore. p.638, Phoenix, Reprinted paperback.
- ^ Joseph V. Stalin (1950-06-20). "Concerning Marxism in Linguistics", Pravda. Available online as Marxism and Problems of Linguistics (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) including other articles and letters also published in Pravda soon after February 8 and July 4, 1950.
- ^ Robert Conquest Reflections on a Ravaged Century (2000) ISBN 0-393-04818-7, page 101-111
- ^ 苏联解体对当代中国政治的影响
- ^ 《信息论与编码引论:剑桥大学真题精解》前言