天宫三号

**天宫三号空间实验室**
所属组织	中國國家航天局
主制造商	中国航天科技集团公司
任务类型	空间交会对接、太空實驗
环绕对象	地球
发射时间	2015年（原计划）
发射手段	长征五号乙（原定）
发射地点	文昌航天发射场（原定）
质量	22t

天宫三号是中国空间站计划中的一个已取消的空间实验室，同时也是中国原定“载人航天三步走”计划中第二步的收官任务。中国载人航天工程办公室原计划将在2015年左右发射天宫三号。^[1]但随后计划改变，天宫三号任务被取消，其原定科研实验项目分别由天宫二号和天和号核心舱完成。^[2]

概要

2008年，中国载人航天工程办公室透露了一部分有关“天宫二号”和“天宫三号”的简要信息，表示将在2010年代末发射一系列载人飞船与“天宫三号”进行对接。^[3]

天宫三号原计划将会验证再生生保关键技术、航天员中期在轨驻留、飞行器长期在轨自主飞行和货运飞船在轨试验等一系列空间站关键技术，并将开展部分空间科学和航天医学试验。后为节省经费并加快空间站的建设步伐，决议将天宫三号任务取消，原定技术试验项目由天宫二号和未来的中国空间站分摊完成。

参数规格

天宫三号由实验舱和资源舱构成，前后两个对接口，可同时对接一艘载人飞船和一艘货运飞船，预计将重达22吨，长约18.1米，最大直径为4.2米，按计划将：

具备3名航天员中期在轨驻留40天的能力^[4]
再生循环式生命保障系统的关键技术试验以及货运飞船在轨燃料加注技术的试验验证^[5]
同时对接多个飞行器的航天器在轨停泊机制^[6]

参见

参考文献

^ David, Leonard. China Details Ambitious Space Station Goals. Space.com. 2011-03-11 [2011-03-09]. China is ready to carry out a multiphase construction program that leads to the large space station around 2020. As a prelude to building that facility, China is set to loft the Tiangong-1 module this year as a platform to help master key rendezvous and docking technologies.
^ 脚踏实地，仰望星空—访中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平. Chinese Government. [2017-04-22].
^ future plan of space laboratory system (in Chinese). 2008-09-29. 原始内容存档于September 28, 2008.
^ David, Leonard. China Details Ambitious Space Station Goals. Space.com. 2011-03-11 [2011-03-09]. China is ready to carry out a multiphase construction program that leads to the large space station around 2020. As a prelude to building that facility, China is set to loft the Tiangong-1 module this year as a platform to help master key rendezvous and docking technologies.
^ David, Leonard. China Details Ambitious Space Station Goals. Space.com. 2011-03-11 [2011-03-09]. China is ready to carry out a multiphase construction program that leads to the large space station around 2020. As a prelude to building that facility, China is set to loft the Tiangong-1 module this year as a platform to help master key rendezvous and docking technologies.
^ Branigan, Tania; Sample, Ian. China unveils rival to International Space Station. The Guardian (London). 2011-04-26 [2011-04-27]. China often chooses poetic names for its space projects, such as Chang'e – after the moon goddess – for its lunar probes; its rocket series, however, is named Long March, in tribute to communist history. The space station project is currently referred to as Tiangong, or "heavenly palace".

[sdc20110307-1] David, Leonard. China Details Ambitious Space Station Goals. Space.com. 2011-03-11 [2011-03-09]. China is ready to carry out a multiphase construction program that leads to the large space station around 2020. As a prelude to building that facility, China is set to loft the Tiangong-1 module this year as a platform to help master key rendezvous and docking technologies.

[2] 脚踏实地，仰望星空—访中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平. Chinese Government. [2017-04-22].

[3] uture plan of space laboratory system (in Chinese). 2008-09-29. 原始内容存档于September 28, 2008.

[sdc201103072-4] David, Leonard. China Details Ambitious Space Station Goals. Space.com. 2011-03-11 [2011-03-09]. China is ready to carry out a multiphase construction program that leads to the large space station around 2020. As a prelude to building that facility, China is set to loft the Tiangong-1 module this year as a platform to help master key rendezvous and docking technologies.

[sdc201103073-5] David, Leonard. China Details Ambitious Space Station Goals. Space.com. 2011-03-11 [2011-03-09]. China is ready to carry out a multiphase construction program that leads to the large space station around 2020. As a prelude to building that facility, China is set to loft the Tiangong-1 module this year as a platform to help master key rendezvous and docking technologies.

[ukg20110426-6] Branigan, Tania; Sample, Ian. China unveils rival to International Space Station. The Guardian (London). 2011-04-26 [2011-04-27]. China often chooses poetic names for its space projects, such as Chang'e – after the moon goddess – for its lunar probes; its rocket series, however, is named Long March, in tribute to communist history. The space station project is currently referred to as Tiangong, or "heavenly palace".

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