印度豬籠草

印度豬籠草
保護狀況
	; 瀕危（IUCN 3.1）
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
目：	石竹目 Caryophyllales
科：	豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae
屬：	豬籠草屬 Nepenthes
種：	印度豬籠草 N. khasiana
二名法
	Nepenthes khasiana; Hook.f. (1873)
	印度豬籠草的分布地
異名
	Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: R.Grah. (1827); Nepenthes melamphora; auct. non Reinw. ex Blume: Hook.f. (1859); [=N. gymnamphora/N. khasiana]; Nepenthes phyllamphora; auct. non Willd.: Regel (1881); [=N. khasiana/N. mirabilis]; Nepenthes phyllamphora; auct. non Willd.: Sims (1826); Nepenthes rubra; Hort.Van Houtte ex Rafarin (1869);

印度豬籠草^[3]（學名：Nepenthes khasiana），又名卡西豬籠草，是印度特有的熱帶食蟲植物。^[3]其種加詞來源於卡西丘陵。其被認為是以其藍色的熒光來吸引獵物的。^[4]

印度豬籠草分布局限，在野外非常罕見。僅存在於嘉潤地區（Jarain）的賈因蒂亞丘陵（Jaintia Hills）及巴馬拉地區（Baghmara）的加羅丘陵，其與梅加拉亞邦的卡西丘陵相鄰。^[5]

卡西人稱其為「tiew-rakot」，意為「惡魔之花」或「吞噬植物」，賈因蒂亞人稱其為「kset phare」，意為「有蓋的捕蠅網」。加羅人則稱其為「memang-koksi」，意為「惡魔的籃子」。^[6]

印度豬籠草與馬來王豬籠草（N. rajah）一起被列入《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》的附錄一中。 2010年，珍稀豬籠草採集（Rare Nepenthes Collection）項目成立，以保護4種極其瀕危的豬籠草屬物種：馬兜鈴豬籠草（N. aristolochioides）、圓盾豬籠草（N. clipeata）、印度豬籠草和硬葉豬籠草（N. rigidifolia）。^[7]^[8]^[9]

印度豬籠草的種加詞在一些早先的文章中寫為「khasyana」。^[10]^[11]這種寫法在約瑟夫·道爾頓·胡克1873年的專著《豬籠草》中就已出現了^[2]，之後又出現於馬克斯韋爾·T·馬斯特斯在1872年4月20日《園丁紀事與農業公報》的文章中^[11]。在19世紀後期的園藝貿易中，印度豬籠草常與滴液豬籠草（N. distillatoria）混淆。^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

印度豬籠草的中位籠
印度豬籠草的上位籠

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Appendices I, II and III （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. CITES.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 （拉丁文） Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 58. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
^ Kurup, R., A.J. Johnson, S. Sankar, A.A. Hussain, C.S. Kumar & S. Baby 2013. Fluorescent prey traps in carnivorous plants. Plant Biology 15(3): 611–615. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00709.x
^ Bhau, B.S., K. Medhi, T. Sarkar & S.P. Saikia 2009. PCR based molecular characterization of Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f.—pitcher plant. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56(8): 1183–1193. doi:10.1007/s10722-009-9444-0
^ Flora of Meghalaya （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） National Informatics Centre, Meghalaya State Centre.
^ Ziemer, B. 2010. Exciting conservation news: the Rare Nepenthes Collection project! Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 39(3): 67.
^ Nepenthes clipeata （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Ark of Life.
^ Bourke, G. 2010. A new conservation initiative: the Rare Nepenthes Collection project.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(2): 5–6.
^ Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.
^ Masters, M.T. 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Mastersiana×, Hort. Veitch. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(415): 748–749.
^ Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143.
^ Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.

Ahmed, M. 2010. Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f. (Endemic). In: Medicinal Plants. MJP Publishers, Chennai.
Bahadur, V., K.S. Kirad, A. Mathew & D.B. Singh 2008. Tissue culture studies in Nepenthes khasiana （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 786: 287–293.
Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
Bordoloi, R.P.M. 1977. The Pitcher Plant: Nepenthes khasiana. Carnivorous plants of North East India I. Dutta Baruah, Gauhati.
Brown, J. 2013. Nepenthes khasiana's chitin-induced pitcher liquid: a potential treatment for opportunistic fungal infection. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42(2): 62–65.
Eilenberg, H., S. Pnini-Cohen, S. Schuster, A. Movtchan & A. Zilberstein 2006. Isolation and characterization of chitinase genes from pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes khasiana. Journal of Experimental Botany 57(11): 2775–2784. doi:10.1093/jxb/erl048
Eilenberg, H., S. Pnini-Cohen, Y. Rahamim, E. Sionov, E. Segal, S. Carmeli & A. Zilberstein 2010. Induced production of antifungal naphthoquinones in the pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes khasiana. Journal of Experimental Botany 61(3): 911–922. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp359
Jain, S.K. & A.K. Baishya 1977. Nepenthes khasiana: an endangered species. Hornbill: 17–18.
Jebb, M. & Cheek, M. 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.
Joseph, J. & K.M. Joseph 1986. Insectivorous Plants of Khasi and Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, India: A Preliminary Survey. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
Latha, P.G. & S. Seeni 1994. Multiplication of the endangered Indian pitcher plant (Nepenthes khasiana) through enhanced axillary branching in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 38(1): 69–71. doi:10.1007/BF00034447
Mandal, B. & A. Mukherjee 2011. Nepenthes khasiana: the pitcher plant needs attention for conservation.PDF Current Science 100(6): 807.
Mao, A.A. & P. Kharbuli 2002. Distribution and status of Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f.—a rare endemic pitcher plant of Meghalaya, India. Phytotaxonomy 2: 77–83.
Mao, A.A. & R.A. Ranyaphi 2007. Seed viability studies in Nepenthes khasiana Hook.f.: comparison of in vivo and in vitro seed germination. In: Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49(1–4): 1–246.
Meimberg, H., P. Dittrich, G. Bringmann, J. Schlauer & G. Heubl 2000. Molecular phylogeny of Caryophyllidae s.l. based on matK sequences with special emphasis on carnivorous taxa. Plant Biology 2(2): 218–228. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9460
Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897
（德文） Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
Mukerjee, A., D.P. Dam & N. Dam 1984. Pitcher plant—an ornamental climber of Meghalaya. Ind. Hort. April–June 1: 6–18.
Raj, G., R. Kurup, A.A. Hussain & S. Baby 2011. Distribution of naphthoquinones, plumbagin, droserone, and 5-O-methyl droserone in chitin-induced and uninduced Nepenthes khasiana: molecular events in prey capture. Journal of Experimental Botany 62(15): 5429–5436. doi:10.1093/jxb/err219
Rao, T.A., P.G. Shanware & G.N. Tribedi 1969. A note on the pitcher plant habitat in Assam. Indian Forester 95(9): 611–613.
Renner, T. & C.D. Specht 2012. Molecular and functional evolution of class I chitinases for plant carnivory in the Caryophyllales. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29(10): 2971–2985. doi:10.1093/molbev/mss106
Riedel, M., A. Eichner, H. Meimberg & R. Jetter 2007. Chemical composition of epicuticular wax crystals on the slippery zone in pitchers of five Nepenthes species and hybrids. Planta 225(6): 1517–1534. doi:10.1007/s00425-006-0437-3
Shil, D., J.P. Mohanty, T. Das, N.R. Bhuyan, T. Uriah & T.S.M. Saleem 2010. Protective role of pitcher of Nepenthes khasiana Hook against dexamethazone induced hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in rats. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 1(2): 195–198.
Shil, D., T.S.M. Saleem, P. Deb & M. Basak 2010. The effect of leaf of Nepenthes khasiana Hook on dexamethazone induced diabetes mellitus.PDF Global Journal of Pharmacology 4(2): 62–65.
Slack, A. 1979. Nepenthes khasiana. In: Carnivorous Plants. Ebury Press, London. p. 86.
Subramanyam, K. & L.L. Narayana 1971. A contribution to the floral anatomy of Nepenthes khasiana Hook f.. Proceedings: Plant Sciences 73(3): 124–131. doi:10.1007/BF03045312
（俄文） Vassilyev, A.E. 2006. Ультраструктура и субклеточные механизмы функционирования пищеварительных железок плотоядного растения Nepenthes khasiana (Nepenthaceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal 91(12): 1883–1891.
（俄文） Vassilyev, A.E. & L.E. Muravnik 2007. Нектарники крышки в закрытых кувшинах Nepenthes khasiana (Nepenthaceae) секретируют пищеварительную жидкость. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 92(8): 1141–1144.
（俄文） Vassilyev, A.E. 2007. Нектарники перистома в закрытых кувшинах Nepenthes khasiana (Nepenthaceae) секретируют полисахаридную слизь. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 92(10): 1554–1568.
Venugopal, N. & N.R. Devi 2003. Development of the anther in Nepenthes khasiana Hook.f. (Nepenthaceae), an endemic and endangered insectivorous plant of North East India. Feddes Repertorium 114(1–2): 69–73. doi:10.1002/fedr.200390018
Warwicker, M. 2013. Carnivorous plant species glow blue to lure prey （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. BBC Nature News, February 19, 2013.
[Research and Development Centre, Flower Valley Agro-Tech] 2005. Nepenthes khasiana. In: Handbook of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants of North East India. Spectrum Publications, Guwahati.
From Carnivorous Plants to the Medicine Cabinet? （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） American Friends of Tel Aviv University, February 18, 2010.

擴展閱讀[編輯]

食蟲植物照片搜尋引擎中印度豬籠草的照片（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
其原生地的視頻（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：印度豬籠草維基物種上的相關資訊：印度豬籠草

[1] Appendices I, II and III （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. CITES.

[Hooker-2] 2.0 ^2.1 （拉丁文） Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.

[夏洛特2007-3] 3.0 ^3.1 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 58. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.

[4] Kurup, R., A.J. Johnson, S. Sankar, A.A. Hussain, C.S. Kumar & S. Baby 2013. Fluorescent prey traps in carnivorous plants. Plant Biology 15(3): 611–615. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00709.x

[5] Bhau, B.S., K. Medhi, T. Sarkar & S.P. Saikia 2009. PCR based molecular characterization of Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f.—pitcher plant. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56(8): 1183–1193. doi:10.1007/s10722-009-9444-0

[6] Flora of Meghalaya （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） National Informatics Centre, Meghalaya State Centre.

[7] Ziemer, B. 2010. Exciting conservation news: the Rare Nepenthes Collection project! Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 39(3): 67.

[8] Nepenthes clipeata （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Ark of Life.

[9] Bourke, G. 2010. A new conservation initiative: the Rare Nepenthes Collection project.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(2): 5–6.

[10] Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360.

[Masters16-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.

[12] Masters, M.T. 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Mastersiana×, Hort. Veitch. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(415): 748–749.

[13] Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143.

[14] Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]