克罗马侬人

克罗马侬人（英语：Cro-Magnon，又译克洛曼侬人或克鲁麦农人）是智人（Homo sapiens，其中包括所有现代人类）中的一支，生存于旧石器时代晚期(2～3万年前)。原来是指发现于法国西南部克罗马侬（法语：Crô-Magnon）石窟里的一系列化石，现在则是指第一批在欧洲定居的早期智慧人^[1]。

1868年3月，地质学家路易·拉尔泰（英语：Louis Lartet）在法国多尔多涅省莱塞济的克罗马侬石窟里发现了5具骨骼遗骸。其中的模式标本是一颗颅骨，被命名为“克罗马侬1号（英语：Cro-Magnon 1）”。这些骨骼与现代人类拥有相同特征，包括较高的前额、直挺的姿态，以及纤细的骨架。之后在欧洲其他地区以及中东，也发现了相同特征的标本。根据遗传学的研究，克罗马侬人可能源自非洲东部，经过了南亚、中亚、中东甚至北非来到了欧洲^[2]。

克罗马侬人在法国、西班牙等国留下大量史前岩画，表示他们具有一定的艺术水准。

有欧洲人类学家认为，现在的巴斯克人是克罗马侬人的直接后裔。

参见[编辑]

参考文献[编辑]

^ First wave exemplified by: Zlatý kůň woman, Bacho Kiro, Ust’-Ishim man, Oase 1
in Prüfer, Kay; Posth, Cosimo. A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlatý kůň in Czechia. Nature Ecology & Evolution. June 2021, 5 (6): 820–825. ISSN 2397-334X. PMC 8175239 . PMID 33828249. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01443-x （英语）. A female individual from Zlatý kůň, Czechia. We found that she belonged to a population that appears to have contributed genetically neither to later Europeans nor to Asians. (...) A complete genome has been produced from the ~45,000-year-old remains of Ust’-Ishim, a Siberian individual who showed no genetic continuity to later Eurasians. This contrasts with the ~40,000-year-old East Asian individual from Tianyuan whose genome is more closely related to many present-day Asians and Native Americans than to Europeans. From Europe, only the partial genome of an individual called Oase 1 and dated to ~40 ka has been recovered, and this showed no evidence of shared ancestry with later Europeans
^ Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes. Bradshaw Foundation. [2019-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-28）.

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[1] First wave exemplified by: Zlatý kůň woman, Bacho Kiro, Ust’-Ishim man, Oase 1
in Prüfer, Kay; Posth, Cosimo. A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlatý kůň in Czechia. Nature Ecology & Evolution. June 2021, 5 (6): 820–825. ISSN 2397-334X. PMC 8175239 . PMID 33828249. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01443-x （英语）. A female individual from Zlatý kůň, Czechia. We found that she belonged to a population that appears to have contributed genetically neither to later Europeans nor to Asians. (...) A complete genome has been produced from the ~45,000-year-old remains of Ust’-Ishim, a Siberian individual who showed no genetic continuity to later Eurasians. This contrasts with the ~40,000-year-old East Asian individual from Tianyuan whose genome is more closely related to many present-day Asians and Native Americans than to Europeans. From Europe, only the partial genome of an individual called Oase 1 and dated to ~40 ka has been recovered, and this showed no evidence of shared ancestry with later Europeans

[2] Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes. Bradshaw Foundation. [2019-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-28）.

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