竊盜統治
外观
| 政治主題的一部分 | |||||
| 政体基本形式 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 权力基础 | |||||
|
|
|||||
| 权力思想 | |||||
|
|
|||||
| 权力结构 | |||||
|
|
|||||
| 政治主題頁 | |||||
竊盜統治,又稱盜賊統治[1][2](英語:Kleptocracy或Kleptarchy)或盜國賊,政治學術語,指在某個政府中,某些統治者或統治階級利用擴張政治權力,侵占全體人民的財產與權利,增加自身的財產及權力。這通常被視為是政治腐敗造成。竊盜統治通常出現在威權主義政府中,特別是獨裁專政、寡頭統治以及軍事統治的政府中。
竊盜統治也可以指外来资本渗透进本国政府,从而秘密窃取该国的经济自主权,导致部分人民实质上被外国统治者控制,例如联合果品公司在危地马拉控制了经济命脉,被称为香蕉共和国。
定義
[编辑]竊盜統治(英語:Kleptocracy)源自於希臘文字根,由「盜賊」(希臘語:κλέπτης,kleptēs)與「權力」或「統治」(希臘語:κράτος,kratos)所合併之詞,字面意思是由一群盜賊來統治人民。
例子
[编辑]在马来西亚,第六任首相纳吉·阿都拉萨(2009-2018)在卷入一个马来西亚发展有限公司丑闻(1MDB)后被批评为盗贼统治[3][4][5]。
在美國,特朗普第二任政府治下被描述為一個盜賊統治國家。[6][7][8][9]2025年2月,美國司法部長帕姆‧邦迪解散司法部的反盜賊統治部門。[10][11]盜賊統治例子包括:
- 特朗普在第二任就職典禮前幾天,宣佈推出名為特朗普幣的加密貨幣迷因幣。[12]其當時透過推廣特朗普幣,以及在海湖莊園宴請頂級捐助者,大幅增加其個人淨資產[13][14][15]。
- 馬斯克在擔任其高級顧問期間,個人淨資產大幅增長超過1700億美元;與此同時,他旗下的公司也從數百萬美元的政府合約中獲益。 [16][17]
- 卡塔爾向特朗普贈送一架價值4億美元的波音豪華客機;據估算,美國納稅人將為此支付約10億美元,用於將其改裝為空軍一號。[18][19]此外,特朗普家族還與卡塔爾投資局的房地產公司簽署品牌授權協議,該公司由卡塔爾國家主權財富基金提供資金支持。[20][21]
- 商人史蒂夫·威特科夫被特朗普任命為美國駐中東地區首席外交官;憑藉其在中東地區廣泛商業人脈,他在上任僅一年後財富就增長了15%,截至2026年4月,其淨資產估值已達23億美元。[22][23]
- 世界自由金融加密貨幣公司,是特朗普家族的商業投資。[24]該實體向與阿聯酋政府有關聯的企業出售價值20億美元的穩定幣,並轉讓價值5億美元的49%股權;隨後,這家阿聯酋關聯企業便從特朗普政府手中獲得先進且稀缺的電腦晶片。[25]
- 在特朗普訴美國國稅局案,特朗普和美國國稅局達成和解協議中,擬議設立一個高達17.76億美元的反武器化基金,旨在為特朗普那些曾遭到拜登政府起訴的盟友,包括被控參與1月6日國會騷亂的人士,提供保護。[26]和解協議還包含一項條款,將永久禁止國稅局對特朗普本人、其家族成員及其名下企業過去的報稅記錄進行審計。[27]
- 據報特朗普在2026年第一季進行超過3,700筆金融交易,其中包括大筆買賣英偉達、微軟、亞馬遜和Meta證券的交易,總價值在2.2億美元至7.5億美元之間。[28][29]
註釋
[编辑]- ^ 【民報】這是一個盜賊統治的國家. 民報. 2018-02-28 [2020-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-23).
- ^ 余杰觀點》習近平和普亭的盜賊統治 - 國際. 新頭殼 Newtalk. 2015-09-29 [2019-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-02).
- ^ 盗贼统治,是新指控吗?/陈圆凤. www.enanyang.my. 2017-12-08 (中文(简体)).
- ^ 任相九年沦盗贼统治 纳吉内疚吗?. 民主行动党. 2018-10-11 [2023-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-25) (中文).
- ^ 莫让盗贼治国 死灰复燃. 光华网. 2021-12-11. (原始内容存档于2023-11-25) (中文).
- ^ Cooley, Alexander; Nexon, Daniel. The Age of Kleptocracy. Foreign Affairs 105 (2). 2026-02-17 [2026-05-21]. ISSN 0015-7120 (美国英语).
Especially in his second term, Trump has instead wielded U.S. foreign policy principally to increase his own wealth, bolster his status, and personally benefit a small circle of his family members, friends, and loyalists. U.S. foreign policy is now largely subordinate to the private interests of the president and his retainers.
- ^ Vittori, Jodi. Is America a Kleptocracy?. Foreign Policy. 2026-05-27 [2026-05-21] (美国英语).
- ^ Dapena, David Uberti, Juanje Gómez and Kara. The Trump Family Business Empire Is Growing. We Mapped Out 268 Pieces of It.. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-12-18 [2026-05-21] (美国英语).
- ^ Bennett, Brian. 3 Ways Trump’s Wealth Has Soared Since He Returned to Offic. TIME. 2025-12-29 [2026-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2026-05-04) (英语).
- ^ Loeb, Alexis. Bondi’s Dismantling of the Kleptocracy Team Threatens National Security. Lawfare. 2025-03-26 [2026-05-21].
- ^ Whoriskey, Peter. Disbanded anti-kleptocracy unit had entangled Trump allies. The Washington Post. 2025-03-27 [2026-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2025-04-24) (英语).
- ^ Suderman, Alan. Trump promotes new meme coin before taking office on pro-crypto agenda. Associated Press. 2025-01-19 [2026-05-21] (英语).
- ^ May, Madeleine; Kent, Jo Ling. Trump family's net worth has increased by $2.9 billion thanks to crypto investments, new report says - CBS News. CBS News. 2025-05-02 [2026-05-21] (美国英语).
- ^ Stieb, Matt. Trump Just Got Almost $100 Million Richer Thanks to His Meme Coin. Intelligencer. 2025-07-17 [2026-05-21] (英语).
- ^ Salmon, Felix. Donald Trump is the newest crypto billionaire. Axios. 2025-01-19 [2026-05-21] (英语).
- ^ Gonsalves-Brown, Sophia; Quadri, Maha. Elon Musk Has Grown Even Wealthier Through Serving in Trump's Administration. Campaign Legal Center. 2025-06-05 [2026-05-21] (英语).
- ^ Hyatt, John. How Elon Musk’s Companies Have—And Have Not—Benefitted Under Trump. Forbes. 2025-05-24 [2026-05-21] (英语).
- ^ Debusmann Jr, Bernd. US begins preparing Qatari jet to be used as Air Force One. BBC News. 2025-07-28 [2026-05-21] (英国英语).
- ^ Yang, Maya. Boeing jet gifted to Trump by Qatari royal family to be delivered by summer. The Guardian. 2026-01-22 [2026-05-21] (英国英语).
- ^ Weissert, Will. Trump's Middle East visit comes as his family deepens its business, crypto ties in the region. NBC10 Philadelphia. 2025-05-14 [2026-05-21] (美国英语).
- ^ Nereim, Vivian; Lipton, Eric. New Mideast Project Is Latest Trump Company Deal Tied to a Foreign Government. The New York Times. 2025-04-30 [2026-05-21] (美国英语).
- ^ Tognini, Giacomo. Peace Envoy Steve Witkoff’s Fortune Gets Bump From Trump And Musk. Forbes. [2026-05-21] (英语).
- ^ Kamin, Debra; Hope, Bradley. Where Mideast Envoy Pitched Peace, His Son Pitched Investors. The New York Times. 2025-09-26 [2026-05-21] (美国英语).
- ^ Lipton, Eric; Yaffe-Bellany, David; Protess, Ben. Secret Deals, Foreign Investments, Presidential Policy Changes: The Rise of Trump’s Crypto Firm. The New York Times. 2025-04-29 [2026-05-21] (美国英语).
- ^ Lipton, Eric; Yaffe-Bellany, David; Hope, Bradley; Mickle, Tripp; Mozur, Paul. Anatomy of Two Giant Deals: The U.A.E. Got Chips. The Trump Team Got Crypto Riches.. The New York Times. 2025-09-15 [2026-05-21] (美国英语).
- ^ Pantazi, Andrew. How Trump's $1.8B "anti-weaponization" fund works. Axios. 2026-05-20 [2026-05-21] (英语).
- ^ Gerstein, Josh; Nguyen, Danny. Justice Department expands Trump settlement to cover his tax audits. Politico. 2026-05-19 [2026-05-21] (英语).
- ^ Breuninger, Kevin. Trump went big on tech stocks in first quarter of 2026, new filings show. CNBC. 2026-05-15 [2026-05-21] (英语).
- ^ Jansen, Bart. Trump trades millions in Nvidia, Apple, Microsoft while promoting companies. USA TODAY. 2026-05-18 [2026-05-21] (美国英语).