阿拉伯语音系
外观
阿拉伯语音系(Arabic phonology)是阿拉伯语的语音系统的描述。虽然许多语言有许多不同的方言,但当代阿拉伯语口语被更恰当地描述为变体的连续体。[1]本文主要讨论现代标准阿拉伯语(MSA),这是整个阿拉伯语地区受过教育的人共同使用的标准阿拉伯语变体。现代标准阿拉伯语用于正式印刷媒体的书面形式,以及多种类型的新闻广播、演讲,以及正式声明中的口头形式。[2]
现代标准阿拉伯语语音在大多数的现代方言变体中有28个辅音音位、以及6个元音音位,或者8个或者10个元音。所有音素都在强调(咽化)辅音、与非强调辅音之间形成对比。其中一些音素已在各种现代方言中合并,而新的音位则是通过借用,或音位的拆分来引入。"音素的长度质量"适用于辅音、以及元音。[3]
不同阿拉伯方言的音韵
[编辑]阿拉伯语辅音的主要方言变体围绕着六个辅音而展开;⟨ج⟩, ⟨ق⟩, ⟨ث⟩, ⟨ذ⟩, ⟨ض⟩ 与 ⟨ظ⟩:
字母 | 古典语音 | 现代标准语音 | 方言主要变体 | 不常见的变化 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ث | /θ/ | /θ/ | [θ] | [t] | [s] | [f] | |||||
ج | /gʲ/ or /ɟ/ | /d͡ʒ/ | [d͡ʒ] | [ʒ] | [ɡ] | [ɟ] | [j] | [d͡z] | [d] | ||
ذ | /ð/ | /ð/ | [ð] | [d] | [z] | [v] | |||||
ض | /ɮˤ/ | /dˤ/ | [dˤ] | [ðˤ] | [zˤ] | [d] | |||||
ظ | /ðˤ/ | /ðˤ/ | [ðˤ] | [dˤ] | [zˤ] | ||||||
ق | /q/ or /ɡ/ | /q/ | [q] | [ɡ] | [ʔ] | [ɢ] | [k] | [d͡ʒ] | [d͡z] | [ɣ ~ ʁ] |
注释
[编辑]- ^ Kirchhoff & Vergyri (2005:38页)
- ^ Kirchhoff & Vergyri (2005:38–39页)
- ^ Holes (2004:57页)
参考文献
[编辑]- Abd-El-Jawad, Hassan, Cross-Dialectal Variation in Arabic: Competing Prestigious Forms, Language in Society, 1987, 16 (3): 359–367, doi:10.1017/S0047404500012446
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- McCarthy, John J., The phonetics and phonology of Semitic pharyngeals, Keating, Patricia (编), Papers in laboratory phonology III: phonological structure and phonetic form, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 191–233, 1994 [2021-09-22], (原始内容存档于2018-07-20)
- Mion, Giuliano, Sociofonologia dell'arabo. Dalla ricerca empirica al riconoscimento del parlante, Rome: Sapienza Orientale, 2010
- Neme, Alexis, Pattern-and-root inflectional morphology: the Arabic broken plural, Language Sciences, 2013, 40 (2): 221–250 [2021-09-22], CiteSeerX 10.1.1.697.1138 , doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2013.06.002, (原始内容存档于2021-02-25)
- Thelwall, Robin, Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1990, 20 (2): 37–41, JSTOR 44526807, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266
- Watson, Janet, The Directionality of Emphasis Spread in Arabic, Linguistic Inquiry, 1999, 30 (2): 289–300, doi:10.1162/002438999554066
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