雷尼替丁:修订间差异
回退到由Yinweichen-bot (讨论)做出的修订版本30639079:含有nowiki代碼。 <!--TW--> |
Artoria2e5(留言 | 贡献) RTTS |
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|image=Ranitidine Structural Formulae.png |
|image=Ranitidine Structural Formulae.png |
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|image2=Ranitidine-A-3D-balls.png |
|image2=Ranitidine-A-3D-balls.png |
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| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|r|ə|ˈ|n|ɪ|t|ᵻ|d|iː|n}} |
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| tradename = Zantac, others |
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| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|ranitidine-hydrochloride}} |
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| MedlinePlus = a601106 |
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| licence_US = Ranitidine |
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| pregnancy_AU = B1 |
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| pregnancy_US = B |
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| legal_AU = S2 |
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| legal_US = OTC |
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| legal_US_comment = / Rx-only |
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| legal_UK = GSL |
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| routes_of_administration = 口服、[[静脉滴注]] |
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| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| ATC_prefix = A02 |
| ATC_prefix = A02 |
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| ATC_suffix = BA02 |
| ATC_suffix = BA02 |
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| ATC_supplemental = <br />{{ATC|A02BA|07}} (ranitidine bismuth citrate) |
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| IUPHAR_ligand = 1234 |
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| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |
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| PubChem = 3001055 |
| PubChem = 3001055 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 4863 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = 884KT10YB7 |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} |
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| KEGG = D00422 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 8776 |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} |
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| ChEMBL = 1790041 |
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| synonyms = Dimethyl [(5-{[(2-{[1-(methylamino)-<br />2-nitroethenyl]amino}ethyl)sulfanyl]<br />methyl}furan-2-yl)methyl]amine |
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| C=13 | H=22 | N=4 | O=3 | S=1 |
| C=13 | H=22 | N=4 | O=3 | S=1 |
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|molecular_weight = 314.4 g/mol |
| molecular_weight = 314.4 g/mol |
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| smiles = CNC(=C[N+](=O)[O-])NCCSCc1ccc(o1)CN(C)C |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C13H22N4O3S/c1-14-13(9-17(18)19)15-6-7-21-10-12-5-4-11(20-12)8-16(2)3/h4-5,9,14-15H,6-8,10H2,1-3H3 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> |
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|bioavailability = 39 to 88% |
|bioavailability = 39 to 88% |
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|metabolism = [[肝脏]] |
|metabolism = [[肝脏]] |
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'''雷尼替丁'''('''{{lang|en|Ranitidine}}'''、中華藥典名:雷尼替定<ref>中華藥典第六版 頁1304</ref> |
'''雷尼替丁'''('''{{lang|en|Ranitidine}}'''、中華藥典名:雷尼替定<ref>中華藥典第六版 頁1304</ref>),常用商品名'''Zantac''',是一种抑制[[胃酸]<ref name=AHFS2015/>]产生的[[组胺]]类[[H2受体阻抗剂|H<sub>2</sub>受体阻抗剂]]。它常用于治疗[[消化性溃疡]](如[[胃溃疡]]和[[十二指肠溃疡]])以及[[胃食管反流病]]。此外,該藥或許還能改善[[荨麻疹]]的症狀<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fedorowicz|first1=Z|last2=van Zuuren|first2=EJ|last3=Hu|first3=N|title=Histamine H2-receptor antagonists for urticaria.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=14 March 2012|volume=3|pages=CD008596|pmid=22419335}}</ref>。本品可經口服、{{tsl|en|intramuscular|肌肉注射}},或[[靜脈注射]]給藥<ref name=AHFS2015/> 。 |
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注射劑常見副作用包含[[頭痛]]以及灼熱感<!-- <ref name=AHFS2015/> -->,嚴重副作用則包含肝臟疾病、[[心跳过缓]]、[[肺炎]],且可能使[[胃癌]]更不易發現<ref name=AHFS2015/>。本品也可能提升[[偽膜性結腸炎]]的風險<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tleyjeh|first1=IM|last2=Abdulhak|first2=AB|last3=Riaz|first3=M|last4=Garbati|first4=MA|last5=Al-Tannir|first5=M|last6=Alasmari|first6=FA|last7=Alghamdi|first7=M|last8=Khan|first8=AR|last9=Erwin|first9=PJ|last10=Sutton|first10=AJ|last11=Baddour|first11=LM|title=The association between histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=PloS one|date=2013|volume=8|issue=3|pages=e56498|pmid=23469173}}</ref>。[[妊娠]]期間給藥目前顯示安全<!-- <ref name=AHFS2015/> -->。本品屬於[[組織胺]][[H2受体阻抗剂|H<sub>2</sub>受体阻抗剂]],可降低胃酸的分泌<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Ranitidine|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ranitidine-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015}}</ref>。 |
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雷尼替丁最早於1976年由葛蘭素製藥(Glaxo Pharmaceuticals)發現,現屬於[[葛蘭素史克]]的一部分<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fischer|first1=Janos|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery II|date=2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|page=4|isbn=9783527632121|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=h2Kd8ci4Ln8C&pg=PA4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hara|first1=Takuji|title=Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry the process of drug discovery and development|date=2003|publisher=Edward Elgar|location=Cheltenham, U.K.|isbn=9781843765660|page=94|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=aYP-AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA94}}</ref>。本品列名於[[世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单]]之中,為基礎公衛體系必備藥物之一<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> It is available as a generic medication.<ref name=AHFS2015/>。本品批發價每顆約位於0.01至0.05美金之間<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranitidine|url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=RAN150T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=150%20mg&desc=Ranitidine&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=17%2E1%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2817%2E1%2E%29Antiulcer%20medicines%3Cbr%3E|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=1 December 2015}}</ref>。美國境內一劑約需0.05美金<ref name=AHFS2015/>。 |
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== 临床应用 == |
== 临床应用 == |
2017年3月15日 (三) 06:27的版本
{{drugbox | |width = 350 |image=Ranitidine Structural Formulae.png |image2=Ranitidine-A-3D-balls.png
| pronounce = /rəˈnɪtɪdiːn/ | tradename = Zantac, others | Drugs.com = Monograph | MedlinePlus = a601106 | licence_US = Ranitidine | pregnancy_AU = B1 | pregnancy_US = B | legal_AU = S2 | legal_US = OTC | legal_US_comment = / Rx-only | legal_UK = GSL | routes_of_administration = 口服、静脉滴注
|IUPAC_name = N'-甲基-N-[2-[[[5-[(二甲氨基)甲基]-2-呋喃基]-甲基]硫代]乙基]-2-硝基-1,1-乙烯二胺
| CAS_number_Ref =
| CAS_number = 66357-35-5
| ATC_prefix = A02
| ATC_suffix = BA02
| ATC_supplemental =
A02BA (ranitidine bismuth citrate)
| IUPHAR_ligand = 1234
| DrugBank_Ref =
| DrugBank = DB00863
| PubChem = 3001055
| ChemSpiderID_Ref =
| ChemSpiderID = 4863
| UNII_Ref =
| UNII = 884KT10YB7
| KEGG_Ref =
| KEGG = D00422
| ChEBI_Ref =
| ChEBI = 8776
| ChEMBL_Ref =
| ChEMBL = 1790041
| synonyms = Dimethyl [(5-{[(2-{[1-(methylamino)-
2-nitroethenyl]amino}ethyl)sulfanyl]
methyl}furan-2-yl)methyl]amine
| C=13 | H=22 | N=4 | O=3 | S=1 | molecular_weight = 314.4 g/mol | smiles = CNC(=C[N+](=O)[O-])NCCSCc1ccc(o1)CN(C)C | StdInChI_Ref = | StdInChI = 1S/C13H22N4O3S/c1-14-13(9-17(18)19)15-6-7-21-10-12-5-4-11(20-12)8-16(2)3/h4-5,9,14-15H,6-8,10H2,1-3H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = | StdInChIKey = VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|bioavailability = 39 to 88% |metabolism = 肝脏 |elimination_half-life = 2–3 小时 |excretion = 30–70% 肾脏 |pregnancy_category = 孕妇及哺乳期妇女禁用 |legal_status = 非处方药 |routes_of_administration = 口服 }}
雷尼替丁(Ranitidine、中華藥典名:雷尼替定[1]),常用商品名Zantac,是一种抑制[[胃酸][2]]产生的组胺类H2受体阻抗剂。它常用于治疗消化性溃疡(如胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡)以及胃食管反流病。此外,該藥或許還能改善荨麻疹的症狀[3]。本品可經口服、肌肉注射,或靜脈注射給藥[2] 。
注射劑常見副作用包含頭痛以及灼熱感,嚴重副作用則包含肝臟疾病、心跳过缓、肺炎,且可能使胃癌更不易發現[2]。本品也可能提升偽膜性結腸炎的風險[4]。妊娠期間給藥目前顯示安全。本品屬於組織胺H2受体阻抗剂,可降低胃酸的分泌[2]。
雷尼替丁最早於1976年由葛蘭素製藥(Glaxo Pharmaceuticals)發現,現屬於葛蘭素史克的一部分[5][6]。本品列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单之中,為基礎公衛體系必備藥物之一[7] It is available as a generic medication.[2]。本品批發價每顆約位於0.01至0.05美金之間[8]。美國境內一劑約需0.05美金[2]。
临床应用
在许多国家,特定剂量的雷尼替丁制剂是非处方药品。
美国以外,雷尼替丁常与铋(作为一个温和的抗生素)合成的柠檬酸盐(雷尼替丁枸橼酸铋)用于治疗幽门螺杆菌感染。这一组合通常是与克拉霉素(一种抗生素)一起使用。
历史
史克公司(Smith, Kline & French)发明了第一种组胺H2受体拮抗剂西咪替丁。葛兰素公司(Glaxo)为了与史克公司竞争,发明了雷尼替丁。雷尼替丁是合理化药物设计的产物,是根据当时相当完善的组胺H2受体模型和定量构效关系(QSAR)设计的。
葛兰素公司进一步完善了这个模型。他们用一个呋喃环取代了西咪替丁上的咪唑环,这使得雷尼替丁大为发展,有更好的耐受性,更少的不良反应,更长的作用时间,以及10倍于西咪替丁的活性。因为雷尼替丁对于色素细胞P450的亲和力只有西咪替丁的10%,所以其副作用较少,但其他的H2受体拮抗剂如法莫替丁和尼扎替丁则与细胞色素P450没有明显的活性。[9]
雷尼替丁出现于1981年,并于1988年称为世界上销售最多的处方药。但是当更有效的质子泵抑制剂出现后,他已经逐渐被奥美拉唑等药物所取代。
参考文献
- ^ 中華藥典第六版 頁1304
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Ranitidine. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Dec 1, 2015].
- ^ Fedorowicz, Z; van Zuuren, EJ; Hu, N. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists for urticaria.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 14 March 2012, 3: CD008596. PMID 22419335.
- ^ Tleyjeh, IM; Abdulhak, AB; Riaz, M; Garbati, MA; Al-Tannir, M; Alasmari, FA; Alghamdi, M; Khan, AR; Erwin, PJ; Sutton, AJ; Baddour, LM. The association between histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. PloS one. 2013, 8 (3): e56498. PMID 23469173.
- ^ Fischer, Janos. Analogue-based Drug Discovery II. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 4. ISBN 9783527632121.
- ^ Hara, Takuji. Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry the process of drug discovery and development. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar. 2003: 94. ISBN 9781843765660.
- ^ WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014].
- ^ Ranitidine. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [1 December 2015].
- ^ Goodman and Gilman's page 972 11th addition
外部链接
- [1] - Consumer information on Zantac from the manufacturer.
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