死光

死光（英語：Death Ray），亦作殺人光線（日語：さつじんこうせん）或死亡射線。在一種理論物理學上，利用粒子束或電磁波（包括光）為基礎的武器，其高峰研究期位於1920年代到1930年代。當中以尼古拉·特斯拉及Harry Grindell-Matthews最為知名，其他獨立研究者還有Edwin R. Scott及Graichen，他們都是死光武器研究的先驅^[1]^[2]。研究現時基本終止，但在科幻小說裡經常都有出現。1957年，美國的全國發明家理事會在其發表的所需的軍事發明列表內，當中仍然包括有死光。

歷史

一位來自舊金山的發明者埃德溫·斯科特（Edwin R. Scott）聲稱他是第一個為死光作出具體定義的人，就是會摧毀人類生命和可在遠距離把飛機擊落^[3]。他出生在底特律，而且聲稱曾擔任查爾斯·P·斯坦梅茨的學生及門生長達9年^[4]。Harry Grindell-Matthews在1924年曾試圖向英國空軍部出售他的死光報告，但一直也不能向該部門提供一個能正常運作的模型作演示^[3]。

二戰期間，納粹德國的兩項研究及日本帝國的一項研究均有把死光用於軍事的研究。當中德國的一項計劃，由Schiebold帶領，利用一部裝有一組可操縱的鈹桿的粒子加速器產生死光的研究。

參看

參考資料

^ To, Wireless. Finds a 'Death Ray' Fatal to Humans. German Scientist Says it Inflames and Destroys Cells, Hence Aids in Disease. Expects to Split Atom. Dr. Graichen Has Device to Make Blind See With Light Sent Through the Skull.. New York Times. 1928-06-04 [2007-07-21]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-09）. Berlin, June 3, 1928. The discovery of a new 'death ray,' capable of destroying, though not intended to destroy, human life, has just been announced by Dr. Graichen, a young physicist and engineer employed as an experimenter by the Siemens Halske Electric Company.
^ The 'Death Ray' Rivals. New York Times. 1924-05-29 [2007-07-21]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-09）. The inventors of a 'death ray' multiply every day. To H. Grindell-Matthews and Professor T.F. Wall have been added two other Englishmen, Prior and Raffe, and Grammachikoff, a Russian. Herr Wulle, 'chief of the militarists' in the Reichstag, has informed that body that the Government has a device that will bring down airplanes, stop tank engines, and 'spread a curtain of death.'
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Denies British Invented 'Death Ray'. E.R. Scott Asserts He and Other Americans Preceded Grindell-Matthews.. New York Times. 1924-09-05. Washington, DC, September 4, 1924 Edwin R. Scott an inventor of San Francisco, today challenged the assertion of Mr. Grindell-Matthews, who sailed for London on the Homeric last week, that the latter was the first to develop a 'death-ray' that would destroy human life and bring down planes at a distance.
^ Death Stroke. 時代雜誌. August 10, 1925 [2007-07-21]. （原始內容存檔於2007-11-02）. Utmost secrecy always shrouds the structural details of new munitions of war. This one, announced last week by its inventor, Dr. Edwin R. Scott, is called the 'death stroke' or 'canned lightning.' The Navy Department, which has been in touch with Dr. Scott's researches, hinted that the ultraviolet ray was involved, but Dr. Scott stated specifically: 'There is no ray or beam about it.'

外部連結

[1] To, Wireless. Finds a 'Death Ray' Fatal to Humans. German Scientist Says it Inflames and Destroys Cells, Hence Aids in Disease. Expects to Split Atom. Dr. Graichen Has Device to Make Blind See With Light Sent Through the Skull.. New York Times. 1928-06-04 [2007-07-21]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-09）. Berlin, June 3, 1928. The discovery of a new 'death ray,' capable of destroying, though not intended to destroy, human life, has just been announced by Dr. Graichen, a young physicist and engineer employed as an experimenter by the Siemens Halske Electric Company.

[2] The 'Death Ray' Rivals. New York Times. 1924-05-29 [2007-07-21]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-09）. The inventors of a 'death ray' multiply every day. To H. Grindell-Matthews and Professor T.F. Wall have been added two other Englishmen, Prior and Raffe, and Grammachikoff, a Russian. Herr Wulle, 'chief of the militarists' in the Reichstag, has informed that body that the Government has a device that will bring down airplanes, stop tank engines, and 'spread a curtain of death.'

[scott-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Denies British Invented 'Death Ray'. E.R. Scott Asserts He and Other Americans Preceded Grindell-Matthews.. New York Times. 1924-09-05. Washington, DC, September 4, 1924 Edwin R. Scott an inventor of San Francisco, today challenged the assertion of Mr. Grindell-Matthews, who sailed for London on the Homeric last week, that the latter was the first to develop a 'death-ray' that would destroy human life and bring down planes at a distance.

[4] Death Stroke. 時代雜誌. August 10, 1925 [2007-07-21]. （原始內容存檔於2007-11-02）. Utmost secrecy always shrouds the structural details of new munitions of war. This one, announced last week by its inventor, Dr. Edwin R. Scott, is called the 'death stroke' or 'canned lightning.' The Navy Department, which has been in touch with Dr. Scott's researches, hinted that the ultraviolet ray was involved, but Dr. Scott stated specifically: 'There is no ray or beam about it.'

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